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Han X, Liu T, Ding X, Liu J, Lin X, Wang D, Riaz M, Baird PN, Xie Z, Cheng Y, Li Y, Mori Y, Miyake M, Li H, Cheng CY, Zeng C, Ohno-Matsui K, Zhou X, Liu F, He M. Identification of novel loci influencing refractive error in East Asian populations using an extreme phenotype design. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:54-62. [PMID: 34520856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The global "myopia boom" has raised significant international concerns. Despite a higher myopia prevalence in Asia, previous large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were mostly based on European descendants. Here, we report a GWAS of spherical equivalent (SE) in 1852 Chinese Han individuals with extreme SE from Guangzhou (631 < -6D and 574 > 0D) and Wenzhou (593 < -6D and 54 > -1.75 D), followed by a replication study in two independent cohorts with totaling 3538 East Asian individuals. The discovery GWAS and meta-analysis identify three novel loci which show genome-wide significant associations with SE, including 1q25.2 FAM163A, 10p11.22 NRP1/PRAD3, and 10p11.21 ANKRD30A/MTRNR2L7, together explaining 3.34% of SE variance. 10p11.21 was successfully replicated. The allele frequencies of all three loci show significant differences between major continental groups (P < 0.001). The SE reducing (more myopic) allele of rs10913877 (1q25.2 FAM163A) demonstrates the highest frequency in East Asians and much lower frequencies in Europeans and Africans (EAS = 0.60, EUR = 0.20, AFR = 0.18). The gene-based analysis additionally identifies three novel genes associated with SE, including EI24, LHX5 and ARPP19. These results provide new insights into myopia pathogenesis, and indicate the role of genetic heterogeneity in myopia epidemiology among different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tianzi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xingyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Decai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Moeen Riaz
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University 3800, Australia
| | - Paul N Baird
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hengtong Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Changqing Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Safety and efficacy of repeated crosslinking assisted by transepithelial double-cycle iontophoresis in keratoconus progression after primary corneal crosslinking. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:3020-3027. [PMID: 33414527 PMCID: PMC8526808 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated corneal collagen crosslinking assisted by transepithelial double-cycle iontophoresis (DI-CXL) in the management of keratoconus progression after primary CXL. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in the patients who underwent repeated CXL between 2016 and 2018. These patients were treated with DI-CXL if keratoconus progression was confirmed after primary CXL. Scoring of ocular pain and corneal epithelial damage, visual acuity, corneal tomography, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) was performed before and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after DI-CXL. RESULTS Overall, 21 eyes of 12 patients (mean age 17.3 ± 1.9 years) were included in this study. Before DI-CXL, an average increase of 4.26 D in Kmax was detected in these patients with a mean follow-up interval of (23.0 ± 13.7) months. After DI-CXL, corneal epithelial damage rapidly recovered within days. Visual acuity remained unchanged with follow-up of 24 months. When compared to baseline, significant decreases were observed in Kmax (at 3 months) and K2 (at 3 and 6 months) after DI-CXL. Corneal thickness of thinnest point significantly decreased at 3 months postoperatively. When compared to baseline, no significant differences were found in any of the refractive or tomographic parameters at 12 and 24 months. IVCM revealed trabecular patterned hyperdense tissues after DI-CXL in the anterior stroma at the depth of 200 μm or more. No corneal infiltration or persistent epithelial defect was recorded after DI-CXL. CONCLUSION DI-CXL is safe and effective as a good alternative in stabilizing keratoconus progression after primary CXL.
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