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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Agrawal V. Role of Physical Activity on Mental Health and Well-Being: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e33475. [PMID: 36756008 PMCID: PMC9902068 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the apparent physical health benefits, physical activity also affects mental health positively. Physically inactive individuals have been reported to have higher rates of morbidity and healthcare expenditures. Commonly, exercise therapy is recommended to combat these challenges and preserve mental wellness. According to empirical investigations, physical activity is positively associated with certain mental health traits. In nonclinical investigations, the most significant effects of physical exercise have been on self-concept and body image. An attempt to review the current understanding of the physiological and psychological mechanisms by which exercise improves mental health is presented in this review article. Regular physical activity improves the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Depression and anxiety appear to be influenced by physical exercise, but to a smaller extent in the population than in clinical patients. Numerous hypotheses attempt to explain the connection between physical fitness and mental wellness. Physical activity was shown to help with sleep and improve various psychiatric disorders. Exercise in general is associated with a better mood and improved quality of life. Physical exercise and yoga may help in the management of cravings for substances, especially in people who may not have access to other forms of therapy. Evidence suggests that increased physical activity can help attenuate some psychotic symptoms and treat medical comorbidities that accompany psychotic disorders. The dearth of literature in the Indian context also indicated that more research was needed to evaluate and implement interventions for physical activity tailored to the Indian context.
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Gorain RK, Ramu R, Sinha P, Govindan R. Impact of structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability of Persons with Mental Illness. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:226. [PMID: 36177421 PMCID: PMC9514245 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_904_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A structured physical activity program has many health benefits. Physical activity improves the functional ability of a patient with mental illness as an adjunctive treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a physical activity program on the level of functional ability of patients with mental illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pre-experimental research design and one group pre-post design were adopted. Thirty-one in-patients with mental illness who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study using convenient sampling. Baseline data were collected using sociodemographic and illness profiles developed by the researcher and validated by the experts. Functional ability and illness severity were assessed using the standardized World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) (36-item version) and the Clinical Global Improvement Scale. Pretest, i.e., intervention with structured physical activity, was administered for 40 consecutive days. A posttest was given 30 days after the intervention ended to assess the impact of the structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability among the study participants. RESULTS The impact of structured physical activity on functional ability was measured using the WHODAS 2.0, a 36-item version. The paired Sample t-test and the Wilcoxon Rank test analyzed the data. There was a significant improvement in the overall functional ability of study participants at P = 0. 001. CONCLUSION The study findings support that structured physical activity substantially impacts functional ability among patients with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Kumari Gorain
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramu
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Govindan
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Özkan Z, Kale R. Investigation of the effects of physical education activities on motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:578-592. [PMID: 37346264 PMCID: PMC10281414 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1978267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Aim: This study was carried out in order to examine whether there is a difference between the quality of life and motor skills of children with intellectual disability who participate in physical education activities and those who do not participate. Method: This study was conducted with a total of 34 children with 16 children in the control group (8 girls, 8 boys) and 18 children in the experimental group (11 boys, 7 girls) using a pre-test, post-test and control group experimental design. A 14-week "Physical Education Activities Program" was applied to the children in the experimental group. Children in the control group did not participate in physical education activities. The Bruininks Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition brief form 2010 to measure the motor performance and "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)" developed by Varni et al. in 1999 were used for children with intellectual disability. Findings: When the motor skill tests of the children with intellectual disability in the experimental group were evaluated, significant improvements were found in fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, upper limb coordination, strength tests and all dimension scores for quality of life compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). In the control group, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the quality of life Physical Functioning score and fine motor integration, bilateral coordination, and upper limb coordination tests (p < 0.05). More significant improvement was observed in motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability who participated in the 14-week physical education program compared to the control group. Conclusion: Physical education activities contributed positively to improving the motor skills and quality of life of children with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Özkan
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Rasim Kale
- Physical Education and Sports Dept, İstanbul Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Ganesh GS, Marwah D, Punyal S, Gupta S. Physical activity and quality of life predictors among university students with polio in India: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Transl Res 2020; 6:71-80. [PMID: 33426356 PMCID: PMC7790500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) assessments measure the overall well-being of a person. Available data suggest an estimated 10-20 million polio survivors worldwide. Few studies have investigated the physical activity and the QoL of these patients in India. AIM The present cross-sectional study attempted to measure the physical activity and QoL of polio survivors and to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and QoL, among other factors. METHODS The study was conducted in 96 students (64 women and 32 men with a mean age of 22.1±3.7 years). QoL, physical activity, fatigue, and pain were measured by the World Health Organization QoL measure - abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities (PASIPD), multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form (MFSI-SF), and numerical rating scale. RESULTS The mean metabolic equivalent score was 27.10 h/day. Low mean scores were observed for the physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental domains of QoL (25.2±3.3, 21.8±3.0, 12.0±1.8, and 23.0±4.3, respectively). There was a weak negative association between physical activity levels and the physical health domain of QoL (P<0.05), whereas no associations were identified between physical activity levels and other QoL domains (P>0.05). Regression analysis identified female gender, fatigue, and physical activity as predictors of the physical health domain, and female gender, number of sites affected, and assistive devices used as predictors of the psychological health domain of QoL. CONCLUSIONS Low physical activity levels and QoL were noted among students with poliomyelitis in Uttar Pradesh, India. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Considering the inverse relationship between physical activity and QoL, physical activities should be modified or protected in polio survivors. Female polio survivors may be referred to psychological counseling to learn coping strategies, even during periods of relative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Shankar Ganesh
- 1Department of Physiotherapy, Composite Regional Centre for Skill Development, Rehabilitation, and Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Corresponding author: G. Shankar Ganesh Department of Physiotherapy, Composite Regional Centre for Skill Development, Rehabilitation, and Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Mohaan Road,Lucknow - 226 017, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sukriti Punyal
- 3Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Gupta
- 4Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Cherubal AG, Suhavana B, Padmavati R, Raghavan V. Physical activity and mental health in India: A narrative review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:656-667. [PMID: 31478452 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019871314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from its evident impact on physical health, physical activity also has a role to play in mental health. Individuals engaged in physical inactivity have been found to have higher morbidity and health care expenditure. In order to combat these issues and preserve mental health, interventions of exercise are typically advocated. This review aimed to assess the benefits of physical activity on common and severe mental disorders in the Indian context. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Boolean search was carried out using both relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Articles were sourced from online databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Database, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. All studies included in the review were peer-reviewed articles exclusively from India with Indian subjects reporting the relationship between physical activity and at least one mental health outcome including depression, anxiety, psychosis, stress, self-esteem and cognitive functioning. RESULTS Nineteen articles were found eligible for the narrative review. Out of these, 7 were cross-sectional studies and 12 were intervention studies. CONCLUSION Existing literature from India has shown promising results towards the impact of physical activity in mental health disorders. However, more research is needed in the assessment of physical activity and physical activity interventions suitable to the Indian context. This review found that exercise and yoga are effective in reducing mean scores for both severe and common mental disorders. Yoga had a more significant impact on patients with schizophrenia than exercise or no intervention. To confirm that exercise is an effective add-on treatment, further research is required.
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Chesani FH, Mezadri T, Lacerda LLVD, Mandy A, Nalin F. A percepção de qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência motora: diferenças entre cadeirantes e deambuladores. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/17018525042018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A rotina das pessoas com deficiência física inclui o uso de diferentes recursos de tecnologia assistiva, que podem auxiliar em seu desenvolvimento físico e intelectual, afetando diretamente sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida de pessoas cadeirantes e deambuladoras com deficiência física no município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de corte transversal e caráter exploratório quantitativo, cuja. amostra foi constituída por 163 participantes (91 cadeirantes e 72 deambuladores), que responderam a um questionário estruturado com informações socioeconômicas e de saúde e ao instrumento do World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-bref), para mensurar a qualidade de vida. Na avaliação dos domínios físico e psicológico não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos, portanto a percepção da qualidade de vida não foi afetada pela utilização da cadeira de rodas. No entanto, examinando-se o domínio de relações sociais e meio ambiente, a percepção da qualidade de vida foi significativamente menor para cadeirantes com paresias, em relação às plegias e à amputação.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Mandy
- Universidade de Brighton, United Kingdom
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Ganesh GS, Patel R, Dwivedi V, Chhabra D, Balakishore P, Dakshinamoorthy A, Kaur P. Leisure time physical activity patterns in Odisha, India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:227-234. [PMID: 28988632 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The World Health Organization has recommended a moderate intensity physical activity of 150min, or 75min vigorous-intensity physical activity per week to achieve optimal health benefits. It is not known if Indian populations who indulge in leisure time physical exercises satisfy these recommendations. METHODS This study used a questionnaire to obtain data regarding demographic details, current engagement in leisure time physical activities, and dosages of these exercises from participants between 18 and 64 years of age. RESULTS Data was collected from a total of 390 participants (231 males and 159 females). 50.76% and 34.35% of the participants reported exercising voluntarily and for health benefits respectively. Most participants (94.61%) indicated exercising without prescription. 55.38% and 12.82% of the participants under and above 38 years of age perform moderate to vigorous intensity exercises respectively. CONCLUSION The over-all results of this study indicate that the participants' choices of leisure time physical exercises are based on their personal choices and beliefs. The exercise intensities undertaken do not meet the global recommended intensities, especially in those above 38 years of age. Professionals and facilities to engage the public in the WHO recommended intensities of physical activity needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shankar Ganesh
- Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research, Olatpur, P.O.Bairoi, Cuttack dt., Odisha 754010, India.
| | - Rishee Patel
- Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vikram Dwivedi
- VSLD Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centre, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India.
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Maharaja Agrasen College of Physiotherapy, Hissar, India.
| | - P Balakishore
- District Early Intervention Center, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | | | - Parminder Kaur
- Ohio State University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbus, United States.
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Tolle H, Rapacz A, Weintraub B, Shogren C, Harkema SJ, Gibson JL. Establishing the NeuroRecovery Network Community Fitness and Wellness facilities: multi-site fitness facilities provide activity-based interventions and assessments for evidence-based functional gains in neurologic disorders. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:3086-3093. [PMID: 28814123 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1365178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is a necessity for those living with a spinal cord injury, yet access to fitness facilities, equipment, and specially trained fitness experts are limited. METHODS This article introduces the concept of a network of fitness facilities specially geared towards individuals with spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders. RESULTS The Community Fitness and Wellness branch of the NeuroRecovery Network was created to provide a continuum of care after traditional rehabilitation for individuals living with a spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders. Community Fitness and Wellness facilities translate activity-based interventions performed during rehabilitation into a community setting as well as provide other fitness and wellness opportunities. Community Fitness and Wellness facilities are staffed by professionals with training on the specialized needs of individuals living with spinal cord injury or other neurological disorders. Standardized assessments evaluate functional, health, and quality of life gains at regular intervals. A national database gathers information on standardized interventions and assessment outcomes providing a mechanism for evaluation of interventions performed in the community setting. CONCLUSIONS The establishment of Community Fitness and Wellness facilities allows for the quick translation and evaluation of novel, effective approaches from research to individuals in the community. Implications for Rehabilitation Fitness needs of individuals with spinal cord injury living in the community necessitate the use of special equipment and trained staff. Community Fitness and Wellness Programs offer specially trained staff and adaptive equipment providing a continuity of care for those with spinal cord injuries and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tolle
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Andrew Rapacz
- b Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Barry Weintraub
- b Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Carrie Shogren
- b Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Susan J Harkema
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA.,c Frazier Rehabilitation Institute , Louisville , KY , USA
| | - Jeremy L Gibson
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , USA
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