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Zhang DD, Lei M, Wang Y, Zeng PJ, Hong YJ, Cai CF. Cause of Death in Patients with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by Human Papillomavirus Status: Comparative Data Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e47579. [PMID: 37642982 PMCID: PMC10498314 DOI: 10.2196/47579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) has increased in recent decades, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of OPSCC. The data regarding causes of death (CODs) are vitally important in informing follow-up strategies and revising treatment strategies to deal with any possible preventable treatment-related COD. However, limited studies have assessed the competing COD by HPV status in patients with OPSCC. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the distribution of the competing COD according to HPV status in OPSCC. METHODS We retrospectively included stage I-IVB patients with OPSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2015. The association between HPV status and head and neck cancer-specific mortality (HNCSM), second primary cancer mortality (SPCM), and noncancer-caused mortality (NCCM) were analyzed. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Fine and Gray model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS We included 5852 patients in this study and 73.2% (n=4283) of them had HPV-related tumors. A total of 1537 (26.3%) patients died, including 789 (51.3%), 333 (21.7%), and 415 (27%) patients who died from head and neck cancer, second cancer, and noncancer causes, respectively. The 5-year HNCSM, SPCM, NCCM, and overall mortality were 14.7%, 6.5%, 7.7%, and 26.4%, respectively. Those with HPV-positive disease had a lower cumulative incidence of HNCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 0.362, 95% CI 0.315-0.417; P<.001), SPCM (sHR 0.400, 95% CI 0.321-0.496; P<.001), and NCCM (sHR 0.460, 95% CI 0.378-0.560; P<.001) than those with HPV-negative disease. The 5-year risk of HNCSM was 26.9% and 10.7% in those with HPV-negative and HPV-positive disease, respectively (P<.001). The 5-year risk of SPCM was 12.4% and 4.6% in those with HPV-negative and HPV-positive disease, respectively (P<.001). The 5-year risk of NCCM of death was 13.7% and 5.8% in those with HPV-negative and HPV-positive disease, respectively (P<.001). Using the Fine and Gray competing-risks model, our results show that those with HPV-negative tumors had a significantly higher risk of HNCSM (P<.001), SPCM (P<.001), and NCCM (P<.001) than those with HPV-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS HPV-positive OPSCC has a lower NCSM, SPCM, and NCCM as compared to those with HPV-negative OPSCC. HPV positivity is a favorable prognostic factor in the context of overcoming cancer as well as in terms of reducing the risk of other CODs in OPSCC. Our finding supports the need to tailor patient follow-up based on the HPV status of patients with OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong-Jun Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, Xiamen, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
- College of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Kotronoulas G, Papadopoulou C. A Primer to Experimental and Nonexperimental Quantitative Research: The Example Case of Tobacco-Related Mouth Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151396. [PMID: 36849310 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present a comprehensive overview of key constructs of experimental and nonexperimental quantitative research, drawing on one example case from cancer care. DATA SOURCES Published scientific articles, research textbooks, and expert advice were used in this article. CONCLUSION Quantitative research turns information collected about people or about processes into numerical data. Depending on the underlying purpose, the goal is to address questions that have to do with intervention, prognosis, causation, association, description, or assessment. In experimental research, an intervention is manipulated. True experimental research (randomized controlled trial) controls confounding variables via use of both randomization and a control group; quasi-experimental research misses one or both of these elements. In either case, the aim is to generate evidence to confidently say that an intervention is the true cause of an observed outcome. Nonexperimental research is multifaceted. Cohorts and case-control studies can be used to test cause-and-effect relationships where experimental research is unethical or impractical. Correlational research aims to explore possible associations (exploratory) or help anticipate outcomes (predictive) and, quite often, is the precursor of experimental research. Descriptive research (simple, comparative, survey, retrospective chart review) can be used to describe and assess situations, conditions, or behaviors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Understanding the different aims and goals of the different types of quantitative research can help increase capacity and confidence in understanding, appraising, and applying quantitative evidence among health care students, professionals, and novice researchers in the quest for the provision of quality cancer care.
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Wang S, Pan W, Mi WX, Wang SH. Sex-specific gene expression patterns in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14890. [PMID: 37064442 PMCID: PMC10102211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have higher incidence rates in men, but the reasons are still obscure. This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific gene expression patterns and predict the regulatory mechanisms. Design Data including clinical, survival, RNA-seq, miRNA, and methylation information were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 131 paired male and female cases were included based on propensity score matching. We concentrated on the prognostic values of the sex-specific pathways enriched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and predicted the potential regulatory mechanisms from immune cell infiltration, ceRNA regulatory network, methylation, and differential coexpression analysis. Results Compared with females, males exhibited a lower activity of immune-related functions and higher activities of mitochondrial and ubiquitination functions. The pathway activities were associated with the prognosis of males but less relevant to females. We extracted eight pathways with sex-biased survival patterns, of which five were about down-regulated immune functions, and three were up-regulated pathways (GTP biosynthetic, DNA polymerase, and spliceosomal complex assembly). The five immune pathways were moderately or strongly correlated with the proportion of macrophages. We identified six over-expressed lncRNAs that might be involved in the regulation of the three up-regulated pathways. These lncRNAs exhibited a lower methylation density in males, which might account for their over-expression. Conclusions For HNSCCs, males were characterized by immunosuppression. It was a sign of unfavorable prognosis and might be associated the proportion of macrophages. LncRNAs and methylation might be involved in the regulation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Pan
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wen-xiang Mi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shao-hai Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Pratson CL, Larkins MC, Karimian BH, Curtis CM, Lepera PA, Brodish BN, Ju AW. The Impact of Smoking, Alcohol Use, Recurrent Disease, and Age on the Development of Neck Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Following Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707418. [PMID: 34485144 PMCID: PMC8415001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information regarding the demographic factors associated with the development of neck fibrosis in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients following radiotherapy. A retrospective review of all patients being treated for HNC at a tertiary care center between 2013 and 2017 was performed. Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to identify differences in incidence and grade of fibrosis, respectively, between populations. A total of 90 patients aged 19 to 99 years were included. Factors associated with an increased incidence of fibrosis included smoking during radiotherapy (p < 0.001), alcohol use (p = 0.026), recurrent disease (p = 0.042), and age less than 60 (p < 0.001) on univariate analysis. Factors associated with increased grade of fibrosis in HNC patients included recurrent HNC (p = 0.033), alcohol use (p = 0.013), patient age younger than 60 years (p = 0.018), smoking during radiotherapy (p < 0.001), and non-Caucasian race (p = 0.012). Identification and intervention directed at patients that possess risk factors associated with fibrosis prior to treatment has the potential to improve the long-term quality of life for HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor L Pratson
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Michael C Larkins
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Brandon H Karimian
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Caitrin M Curtis
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Pamela A Lepera
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Brian N Brodish
- Eastern Carolina Head and Neck Surgery, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Andrew W Ju
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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Takeuchi T, Hikoso S, Hattori S, Kitamura T, Nakatani D, Mizuno H, Okada K, Dohi T, Kojima T, Kida H, Sunaga A, Oeun B, Sato T, Sakata Y, Sato H, Hori M, Komuro I, Sobue T, Sakata Y. The Effect of a Cancer History on Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Int Heart J 2021; 62:238-245. [PMID: 33731519 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a history of cancer on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is poorly understood.From the Osaka Acute Coronary Insufficiency Study (OACIS) registry in Osaka, Japan, we enrolled the case data of a total of 3499 patients with AMI treated with PCI between 1998 and 2014, of whom 462 had a cancer history (cancer group, 13.2%) and 3037 did not (non-cancer group, 86.8%). All of the cases were followed for up to five years from discharge.The Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards models revealed that all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the cancer group than in the non-cancer group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.43; P < 0.001). Deaths from cardiac, cancer, and other causes were treated as competing events, and competing analysis using the cumulative incidence function (CIF) and Fine-Gray model revealed that mortality due to cancer was higher in the cancer group than in the non-cancer group, whereas cardiac mortality was similar between the two groups. The incidences of cardiovascular events, including stroke, recurrent infarction, and heart failure requiring readmission, were also similar between the two groups, although the Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the incidence of stroke was higher in the cancer group than in the non-cancer group.A history of cancer increased all-cause and cancer mortality among patients with AMI treated with PCI, although it was not associated with cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Takeuchi
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Division of Biomedical Statistics, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Daisaku Nakatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroya Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsuki Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoharu Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takayuki Kojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hirota Kida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiro Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Bolrathanak Oeun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taiki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- School of Human Welfare Studies Health Care Center and Clinic, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | | | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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The Attitudes and Awareness of Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients about the Relationship Between Their Tumoral Diseases and Tobacco Exposure. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.758091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Kanmodi K, Kanmodi P. Rising prevalence of head and neck cancer risk factors among Nigerian adolescents: A call for school-based intervention programmes. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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