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Cham B, Weaver SR, Jones CK, Popova L, Jacques N. Prevalence and associated factors of shisha smoking among students in Senegal: Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2020. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-77. [PMID: 38745595 PMCID: PMC11091866 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although shisha smoking is banned in Senegal, it has become increasingly popular, especially among youth. Despite the health risks associated with shisha smoking, there are few studies on shisha smoking in West Africa and none in Senegal. Our study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with shisha smoking among students aged 13-15 years in Senegal. METHODS We used the 2020 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Senegal data from 2524 students aged 13-15 years. We calculated the weighted prevalence of ever and current (past 30 days) shisha smoking. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with ever and current shisha smoking among students. RESULTS The prevalences of ever and current shisha smoking were 9.8% (95% CI: 7.7-12.3) and 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5-3.1), respectively. Ever shisha smoking was significantly associated with being male (AOR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.33-2.92), current cigarette smoking (AOR=7.54; 95% CI: 2.95-19.29), higher class grade (AOR=2.27; 95% CI:1.10-4.67), more weekly pocket money (AOR=3.29; 95% CI:1.36-7.95), current use of smokeless tobacco (AOR=11.53; 95% CI: 4.98- 26.72), and exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke in public (AOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.00-2.41). Current shisha smoking was significantly associated with current cigarette smoking (AOR=21.75; 95% CI: 6.08-77.78), more weekly pocket money (AOR=8.91; 95% CI: 1.75-45.40), current use of smokeless tobacco (AOR=8.26; 95% CI: 2.07-33.04), and fathers' smoking (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 1.24-8.96). CONCLUSIONS One in 10 students aged 13-15 years have ever smoked shisha and 2.2% were currently smoking it, suggesting that shisha smoking is a public health concern in Senegal. Senegal might consider offering students more education on the harms of shisha, both in schools and through comprehensive media campaigns that address all tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Cham
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Scott R. Weaver
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Candace K. Jones
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International, Research Triangle Park, United States
| | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Nerline Jacques
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
- CyberData Technologies, Herndon, United States
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Agaku IT, Sulentic R, Dragicevic A, Njie G, Jones CK, Odani S, Tsafa T, Gwar J, Vardavas CI, Ayo-Yusuf O. Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13-15 years in 20 African countries. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-20. [PMID: 38259662 PMCID: PMC10801700 DOI: 10.18332/tid/169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Examining gender differences in youth tobacco use is important as it aligns tobacco control within the context of broader human development goals seeking to eliminate gender inequalities. In this study, we examined gender differences in adolescent use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Africa. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Our analytical sample comprised 56442 adolescents aged 13-15 years from 20 African countries. Weighted, country-specific prevalence estimates were computed overall and by gender. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated in a multivariable Poisson regression model to examine whether correlates of tobacco use differed between boys and girls. RESULTS Ever cigarette smoking prevalence was significantly higher among boys than girls in 16 of the 20 countries, but a significantly higher percentage of girls reported earlier age of cigarette smoking initiation than boys within pooled analysis. Some of the largest gender differences in current cigarette smoking were seen in Algeria (12.2% vs 0.8%, boys and girls, respectively), Mauritius (21.2% vs 6.6%), and Madagascar (15.0% vs 4.1%). Current use of e-cigarettes, shisha, and smokeless tobacco was generally comparable between boys and girls where data existed. Among girls, higher levels of reported exposure to tobacco advertisement were positively associated with shisha smoking whereas perceived tobacco harm was inversely associated with current cigarette and shisha smoking. Among boys, perceived social acceptability of smoking at parties was associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking (APR=2.27; 95% Cl: 1.20-4.30). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cigarette smoking among boys was higher than that of girls in many countries. However, girls who smoke tend to start at an earlier age than boys. Differential gender patterns of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco product use among youth may have implications for future disease burden. As the tobacco control landscape evolves, tobacco prevention efforts should focus on all tobacco products, not just cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel T. Agaku
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rose Sulentic
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, United States
| | - Adriana Dragicevic
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, United States
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Gibril Njie
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Candace K. Jones
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Satomi Odani
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Cancer Control Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tina Tsafa
- Department of Mass Communication, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Joy Gwar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Constantine I. Vardavas
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kyei-Gyamfi S, Kyei-Arthur F. Assessment of prevalence, predictors, reasons and regulations of substance smoking among children in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2262. [PMID: 37974122 PMCID: PMC10655291 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ghana, it is against the law for children to smoke. Nevertheless, a portion of children in the country do smoke. However, there is a paucity of research on young smokers in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African nations. This study, therefore, investigated the prevalence of smoking, the kinds of substances children smoke, predictors of smoking, reasons for and factors that lead children to smoke, and regulation of smoking among children in Ghana. METHODS In total, 5024 children aged 8-17 were studied using a cross-sectional convergent parallel mixed method. Descriptive statistics, Person's Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the quantitative data. In contrast, thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS The results showed that 3.2% of children had ever smoked. Male children smoked more often than female children. The prevalence of cigarette, marijuana, and shisha smoking was 78.3%, 18%, and 3.7%, respectively. While more male children than female children smoked cigarettes and marijuana, more female children than male children used shisha. Children mainly smoked for fun and due to group culture. In addition, children were influenced by friends; parents, family members, and neighbours who smoke; curiosity; and advertisements and videos to initiate smoking. Despite the availability of regulations and laws regulating tobacco products in public places, tobacco advertisement, promotion, and sale to persons under 18, children are still smoking. CONCLUSIONS Children who have ever engaged in smoking reported using cigarettes, marijuana, and shisha. Policymakers urgently need to strategise and strengthen their policies, programmes, and interventions to address smoking among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Kyei-Gyamfi
- Department of Children, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frank Kyei-Arthur
- Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.
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LOGO DIVINED, OPPONG FELIXB, SINGH ARTI, AMENYAGLO SEIDU, WIRU KENNETH, ANKRAH SAMPSONT, MUSAH LABRAMM, KYEI-FARIED SARDICK, ANSONG JOANA, OWUSU-DABO ELLIS. Profile and predictors of adolescent tobacco use in Ghana: evidence from the 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E664-E672. [PMID: 34909494 PMCID: PMC8639124 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.3.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the predictive factors for tobacco use, and initiation among the youth is critical for effective intervention and prevention. We, therefore, aimed to determine the profile, associated factors, the regional disparities in the use of tobacco products among the youth in Ghana. METHOD The study used the 2017 Ghana Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to obtain tobacco-related information among the youth in Junior High Schools across the country. The survey used a two-stage cluster randomized sampling technique to obtain nationally representative data. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of participant's characteristics and use of tobacco. RESULTS Out of the 6039 targeted respondents, 5,664 (93.8%) participated, 2,707 males, 2,929 females, and 28 of the participants had missing gender data. The use of any tobacco product (cigarette, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarette, or waterpipe tobacco) was 28.3, 7.0, and 4.8% in the Savanna/northern zone, middle/forest zone, and Coastal zone respectively. From the univariate analysis, age (p = 0.005), pocket money (p < 0.001), and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at home (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with tobacco use. In the multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.002), pocket money (p < 0.001), exposure to SHS at home (p < 0.001), and being taught about the dangers of tobacco use (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with tobacco use. CONCLUSION Multiple factors including age, pocket money, exposure to SHS were identified to be associated with tobacco use among the youth in Ghana. Promoting anti-smoking campaigns in early adolescence, as well as programmes targeting early tobacco use can guard the youth against initiating tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- DIVINE D. LOGO
- Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - ARTI SINGH
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - SEIDU AMENYAGLO
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - KENNETH WIRU
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - SAMPSON T. ANKRAH
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - JOANA ANSONG
- World Health Organization Ghana Country Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - ELLIS OWUSU-DABO
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137023. [PMID: 34209200 PMCID: PMC8297266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shisha smoking is also known as hookah, water pipe, goza, and nargile. Shisha use among the young is increasing globally. Shisha smoke results in a high concentration of carbon monoxide, tar, nicotine, and heavy metals which can be toxic to humans, especially with chronic exposure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of shisha smoking among in-school adolescents in Ethiopia. Four regional states in Ethiopia (Oromia, Amhara, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, Tigray) and the capital city (Addis Ababa) were the study areas. A two-stage cluster sampling approach was employed to produce a representative sample. From the sampling frames in the study areas, 36 high schools were selected randomly. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to account for cluster-specific random effects, the effect of individuals', and school-level variables for ever-use of shisha. A total of 3355 secondary school grade 9 and 10 students aged between 13 and 22 years took part in this study. A total of 86 (2.6%) and 20 (0.6%) of the study participants, reported that they had ever smoked or were current smokers of shisha, respectively. Of all study participants, 38.6% perceived shisha as less harmful than cigarettes and 48.5% reported that they do not know which was more harmful to health. Students were more likely to ever use shisha if they had friend/s who smoke shisha (AOR = 16.8, 95% CI: 6.4-44.3), ever smoked cigarettes (AOR = 8.2, 95% CI: 3.4-19.8), ever used khat (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9-10.4), ever used marijuana (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.4-11.1), ever used smokeless tobacco (AOR = 3.1 95% CI: 1.1-8.4), and students had received income from their parents (AOR = 3.1 CI: 1.1-8.8). Prevalence of ever and current use of shisha among high school students is low in Ethiopia compared to many countries in Africa. The majority of adolescents perceived shisha as less harmful to health than cigarette smoking. Health education about the harmful effects of shisha should be delivered to adolescents, along with information on other substances like khat, cigarettes, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco to prevent initiation of substance use.
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Parimah F, Davour MJ, Tetteh C, Okyere-Twum E. Shisha Use Is Associated with Deviance among High School Students in Accra, Ghana. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:54-60. [PMID: 33779515 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1907002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have established an association between smoking, use of other drugs, and deviance. However, little is known about the association of shisha use or marijuana use, or their interaction, with deviance. We examined the effect of shisha and marijuana use within the past thirty days, including their interaction, on deviance among high school students in Accra, Ghana. In this cross-sectional survey, participants were selected from four senior high schools using quota sampling. The sample comprised 217 males and 112 females (Mage = 17.23, SDage = 1.33) who completed a self-administered questionnaires. A factorial ANOVA was used in analyzing the data. Main effects of shisha and marijuana use within the past thirty days, including their interaction effect on deviance was established. Although studies of shisha use have often been skewed toward the health problems associated with its use, current findings suggest that using shisha is associated with deviant behavior. Also, the use of marijuana is associated with committing deviant acts. Policy makers should consider a ban on shisha use among adolescents in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feikoab Parimah
- Basic Research, Advocacy & Initiative Networks, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Cephas Tetteh
- Essex Business School, University of Essex Ringgold Standard Institution, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Ernest Okyere-Twum
- Universite Paris Descartes - Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Paris, France
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Al-Omoush TK, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Alsheyab FM, Abu-Siniyeh A, Al-Sawalha NA, Mayyas FA, Cobb CO, Eissenberg T. The CHRNA5 Polymorphism (rs16969968) and its Association with Waterpipe Smoking Addiction among Jordanians. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 27:450-455. [PMID: 33511332 DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2020.1849491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is a form of tobacco use that causes nicotine/tobacco dependence and has become a global health problem. In the current study, the association of rs16969968 SNP in the CHRNA5 gene with waterpipe dependence was investigated. A total of 386 men and women who used a waterpipe to smoke tobacco were recruited and divided into less dependent and more dependent smokers based on their score on the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS). Results showed a significant difference in the distribution of GG, GA, and AA genotypes by waterpipe dependence status (P<0.001). The more dependent group showed a higher frequency of the AA genotype than the less dependent smokers' group (38% versus 23% respectively). In addition, the more dependent smokers exhibited more A allele than less dependent smokers (53% versus 37% respectively, P<0.001). In conclusion, there is an association between the rs16969968 SNP and waterpipe dependence as assessed by the LWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaka'a K Al-Omoush
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fawzi M Alsheyab
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Abu-Siniyeh
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fadia A Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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