Tobacco use: prevalence, pattern, and predictors, among those aged 15-49 years in Nigeria, a secondary data analysis

Tobacco Use and Associated Factors Among Men in Tanzania: Further Analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data

Background: Tobacco use is a significant public health challenge, contributing to preventable diseases and premature deaths globally. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among men in Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. The study population comprised men aged 15-49 years. Weighted logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results: A total of 5763 men with a mean age of 28.6 ± 10 years were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 11.1%, with 95% of users consuming smoked products, 17.1% using smokeless products, and 12.1% using both smoked and smokeless products. Older age was associated with increased odds of tobacco use, with odds of tobacco use increasing with each higher age group. Similarly, alcohol consumption was associated with greater odds of tobacco use. On the other hand, having a secondary education or higher, lack of occupation, being the head of the household, and owning a mobile telephone were associated with lower odds of tobacco use. Geographically, men from the Eastern zone and Zanzibar exhibited greater odds of tobacco use, while those from the Southern highlands zone had lower odds. Conclusion: This study revealed a significant prevalence of tobacco use among Tanzanian men and was associated with different individual, interpersonal, and community factors. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions considering age-specific risk factors and geographical variations.

Mother's psychopathological conditions and parenting characteristics according to smoke exposure

The study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and smoke exposure with the mother's parenting attitude and psychopathological conditions in the absence of any health problems in the mother-child pairs. A descriptive form consisting of 27 questions, a "Parental Attitude Scale", and a "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale" was applied by mothers with children aged 2 to 6 years. Of the 450 voluntary mothers included in the study, 107 (23.8%) had environmental smoke exposure and 69 (15.0%) were smokers. The highest quartile of democratic subscores was associated with maternal smoking and smoke exposure when confounding factors were controlled. Compared to non-smokers and unexposed, the adjusted odds ratio of having abnormal anxiety scale subscores was 3.90 [95% CI: 1.69-8.97] for smokers. When parenting types were included, mothers' smoking status and overprotective subscores were found to be associated with anxiety. There is an interaction among mothers' smoking, parenting types, and anxiety scores.

Pattern and Predictors of Tobacco Use Among Undergraduates in Three Tertiary Institutions in North-Western Nigeria

BACKGROUND

Tobacco use is associated with medical, social and economic problems. There is paucity of data on tobacco use among undergraduates in northern Nigeria. This study assessed pattern and predictors of tobacco use among undergraduates in Zaria, North-western Nigeria.

METHOD

It was a cross-sectional study of undergraduates in three tertiary institutions. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 1,080 undergraduates. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Bi-variate analysis was used to identify independent variables showing statistically significant association with current tobacco use. These were entered into step-wise logistic regression.

RESULTS

Their median age was 24 years (range:15-47). Prevalence of current tobacco use was 27.0%. About 58.7% smoked tobacco daily and 40.0% used smokeless tobacco daily. Commonest places where tobacco was used were off campus accommodation (30.2%), social center (30.2%) and bar or club (28.1%). Predictors of tobacco use were being a male [2.64(1.82-3.84)], married [2.33(1.49-3.70)], experiencing tobacco promotional activity [1.56(1.12-2.17)], willing to use promotional objects [2.06(1.35-3.14)], using of promotional objects [2.74(1.90-3.96)], and exposure to secondhand smoke [14.10(4.16-47.81)]. Predictors of non-use of tobacco were spending two years or less awaiting university admission [0.65 (0.46-0.91)], parents currently together [0.48(0.33-0.69)], and supporting ban on tobacco [0.34 (0.23-0.48)].

CONCLUSION

Prevalence of tobacco use and expenditure on tobacco were high. University authorities should commence programs to identify tobacco users and encourage cessation. The findings also highlight the need to establish effective tobacco surveillance system that includes students of tertiary institutions.

National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.

Results

The pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-020-00924-y.

Prevalence, patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults: An analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

INTRODUCTION

The global tobacco epidemic contributes to more than 8 million deaths annually. However, most tobacco control interventions have been driven by an emphasis on smoked tobacco. Globally and more so in Nigeria, less attention has been paid to the similarly harmful smokeless tobacco (SLT) whose use appeals to a different demography. We examined the prevalence, patterns of use and correlates of SLT in Nigerian adults to guide targeted control efforts.

METHODS

We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data. We obtained data on 9,765 non-institutionalised adults aged 15 years and older. Variables included current SLT use, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived harm of SLT use. We used Chi-square test to examine associations and binary logistic regression to assess predictors of current SLT use. All analyses were conducted with sample-weighted data.

RESULTS

The prevalence of current SLT use was 1.9% of all adults. About 1.4% were daily users. The main types were snuff by nose (1.6%) and snuff by mouth (0.8%). There were higher odds of current SLT use for those in the South-East region (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI: 4.45-43.95), rural area residents (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04-2.35), males (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.75-7.11), the 45-64 years age-group (aOR = 10.00; 95% CI: 4.12-24.29), those with no formal education (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.01-7.05), and those with no perception of harm from SLT use (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.61-5.56).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.