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Shehab K, Ziyab AH. Beliefs of parents in Kuwait about thirdhand smoke and its relation to home smoking rules: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 34531710 PMCID: PMC8404267 DOI: 10.18332/tid/140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the toxic residue of tobacco smoke that persists long after tobacco smoking on the clothing and hair of smokers and in the surrounding environment. This study aimed to assess parents' beliefs about THS in terms of harm and persistence in the environment and evaluate associations between parents' THS beliefs and home smoking rules. METHODS A sample of parents living in Kuwait were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Parents reported home smoking rules (strict, partial, and no, home smoking ban) and completed the 9-item Beliefs About ThirdHand Smoke (BATHS) scale that assessed parents' overall, health, and persistence beliefs about THS. Associations between the quartiles of THS overall, health, and persistence beliefs scores and home smoking rules were evaluated using a modified Poisson regression, and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS In total, 536 parents (404 females) were enrolled in the study, with 42.0% (n=225) and 43.6% (n=234) reporting a strict or partial home smoking ban, respectively. The prevalence of a strict home smoking ban was higher among never smokers than among ever smokers (49.1% vs 25.2%, p<0.001). The majority of participants indicated that THS exposure harms the health of children (67.2%) and adults (60.6%) and THS residue could remain for days in the environment (58.9%). The prevalence of a strict home smoking ban increased as THS overall (APRQ4 vs Q1 = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.12-1.96), health (APRQ4 vs Q1 = 1.22; 1.02-1.45), and persistence (APRQ4 vs Q1 = 1.55; 1.17-2.05) beliefs scores increased. CONCLUSIONS Parents' harm and persistence beliefs about THS were associated with enforcing a strict home smoking ban, which provides a safer environment for children and non-smokers. Therefore, tobacco prevention programs need to incorporate educational messages about the harm of THS in an attempt to promote smoke-free homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Shehab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali H Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Jiang W, Wu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Gu W, Wei W, Li B, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hou W, Dong Q, Yan X, Li Y, Sun C, Han T. Third-hand smoke exposure is associated with abnormal serum melatonin level via hypomethylation of CYP1A2 promoter: Evidence from human and animal studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116669. [PMID: 33652180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether and how third-hand smoke (THS) exposure would influence serum melatonin level. 1083 participants with or without exposure to THS were enrolled. Serum ROS, SOD, GSH-Px, and melatonin were measured by ELISA. Methylation microarrays detection and WGCNA were performed to identify hub methylated-sites. The methylation levels of hub-sites were validated in addtional samples. Moreover, mice were exposed to THS for 6 months mimicking exposure of human and the serum, liver, and pineal were collected. Oxidative stress-related indicators in serum, pineal, and liver were measured by ELISA. The expressions of mRNA and protein and methylation levels of hub-gene discovered in human data were further explored by RT-PCR, western-blot, and TBS. The results showed the participants exposed to THS had lower melatonin-level. 820 differentially methylated sites associated with THS were identified. And the hub-site located on the CYP1A2 promoter was identified, which mediated the association between THS and decreased melatonin-level. Decreased peak of serum melatonin, increased ROS and reduced SOD and GSH-Px in pineal and liver, and elevated CYP1A2 expression in liver was also found in the THS-exposed mice. Hypo-methylation of 7 CPG sites on the CYP1A2 promoter was identified, which accelerated the catabolism of melatonin. Overall, THS exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin catabolism through hypo-methylation of CYP1A2-promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Bai Li
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - XiTao Jiang
- IT and Environment, College of Engineering, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Qiuying Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, P. R. China.
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Ren S, Xie S, Li X, Li G, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang L. The association between maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy and their children's cerebral palsy, Shandong, China. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 33132801 PMCID: PMC7592196 DOI: 10.18332/tid/127872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use poses a threat to the health of pregnant women and their children. Our study assessed the association between maternal exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy and children's cerebral palsy (CP) in Shandong, China. METHODS In our observational study, 5067 mother-child pairs were included from Shandong Province, China. Mothers filled in questionnaires about exposure to SHS during pregnancy. Statistical analysis and logistic regression models were built in R program to estimate the association in adjusted odds ratio (AOR) between SHS exposure during pregnancy and risk of children's CP, after adjustment for potential confounders including delivery mode and baby's birthweight. RESULTS Exposure to SHS was noted among 3663 (72.3%) of the 5067 non-smoking mothers during their pregnancy. Of the 239 CP children within the study, 192 (80.3%) were exposed to SHS during pregnancy. Children born to mothers exposed to SHS during pregnancy had a higher risk of CP (AOR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.02-2.04) than those born to non-exposed mothers, the risk increased by exposure time in the logistic regression model. The association between SHS exposure during pregnancy and CP children remained significant when adjusting for delivery mode and infant's birthweight due to their significant association with CP, with an AOR of 1.46 (95% CI: 1.13-1.91) for 1-4 days/week and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.22-2.01) for 5-7 days/week exposure to SHS. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy is associated with children's CP. Future preventive interventions of CP should include strategies that target the antenatal women who are exposed to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Medical College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qingdao Hiser Medical Group, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Department of Physical Medicine, Liaocheng Nο. 4 People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Record, Liaocheng No. 4 People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China.,Medical College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China.,Metabolism Group, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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