Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Genes with Vesicoureteral Reflux Susceptibility in the Children of Southeast Iran

Association analysis of apoptosis-related gene caspase3, Integrin a subunit 1 and glutathione sulfur transferase M1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cardia carcinoma

Background

To explore the association of polymorphisms of apoptosis-linked genes caspase3 (CASP3), integrin a subunit 1 (ITGA1), glutathione sulfur transferase M1 (GSTM1) with susceptibility to gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC).

Methods

From February 2016 to March 2018, selection of 113 GCC patients was as the gastric cancer (GC), and selection of 75 patients without gastric disease was as the control. Detection of CASP3, ITGA1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in patients' peripheral blood was to analyze their association with GC. Division of the GC was into the good prognosis and the unpleasing prognosis in the light of the survival of patients after surgery of 3 years, and the predictable value of gene polymorphisms of CASP3, ITGA1 and GSTM1 in GCC patients was analyzed.

Results

CASP3 gene rs12108497 locus, ITGA1 gene rs1862610 locus and GSTM1 genotype of the GC and the control were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05); The detection rate of CASP3 gene rs12108497 locus TC/CC type, ITGA1's gene rs1862610 locus AC/AA type and GSTM1 blank type in the GC was elevated vs. the control (P < 0.05); Logistic regression analysis manifested smoking, anxiety, helicobacter pylori infection, family history of gastrointestinal tumor, combination with chronic gastric disease, CASP3 gene and GSTM1 gene polymorphism were risk factors for GC (P < 0.05); Stratification was in the light of individual smoking status, discovering that the detection rates of CASP3 gene rs12108497 locus TC/CC type, ITGA1 gene RS1862610 locus AC/AA type and GSTM1 blank type in the smoking were crucially augmented vs. the smoking (P < 0.05); The detection rates of CASP3 gene rs12108497 locus TC/CC type, ITGA1 gene rs1862610 locus AC/AA type and GSTM1 blank type in the death were augmented vs. the survival (P < 0.05); Combined detection of CASP3, ITGA1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms was provided with predictive value for GCC's prognosis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

CASP3 and GSTM1 genes are susceptibility genes for GCC, which might be associated with the occurrence of GCC in smoking patients, and the joint detection of multiple genes is provided with predictive value for patients' prognosis.

Combined GSTT1 Null, GSTM1 Null and XPD Lys/Lys Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Association with Increased Risk of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are instrumental in detoxification process of activated carcinogens. Nucleotide excision repair is carried out by DNA helicase encoded by xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) genes and aberrations in the XPD gene predisposes to increased risk of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate GSTT1, GSTM1 and XPD polymorphisms in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and to examine the association of these polymorphisms with the risk of developing CML.

Patients and Methods

This case–control study was carried out from June 2019 to August 2021 involving 150 newly diagnosed patients with CML and an equal number of randomly selected age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. A multiplex-PCR assay was used to genotype GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null polymorphisms. XPD gene polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP using predesigned gene-specific primers.

Results

GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms were detected in 42.7% and 61.3% of cases, respectively, compared to 18% and 35.3% for controls. The combination of both GST null polymorphisms revealed a significant association with CML. Frequencies of XPD Lys751Gln genotypes in cases were 62.7% heterozygous Lys/Gln, 24% homozygous Lys/Lys and 13.3% homozygous Gln/Gln, while in the controls were 74.7%, 20%, and 5.3%, respectively. Significant differences were also noted regarding the combination of GSTT1/GSTM1 null with XPD Lys/Lys, and GSTM1 null with XPD Lys/Lys.

Conclusion

In conclusion, GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and XPD polymorphisms showed positive association with the risk of development of CML. Furthermore, age and gender did not exhibit any association with the studied polymorphisms, while CML phases were associated with GSTT1 null polymorphism.