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Ghatee MA, Sharifi I, Mohammadi N, Moghaddam BE, Kohansal MH. Geographical and climatic risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hyper-endemic focus of Bam County in southeast Iran. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236552. [PMID: 38026324 PMCID: PMC10680988 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a prevalent debilitating disease in many countries, particularly in Iran, the Middle East, North Africa, and South America. Bam County is the most important highly endemic focus of anthropometric CL in Iran and has been under consideration by WHO. This study investigated the environmental and geographic factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of CL in this focus. Methods Demographic data and the home addresses of CL patients diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved from the Leishmaniasis Center of Bam in southeast Iran. The effects of mean annual rainfall (MAR), mean annual humidity (MAH), mean annual temperature (MAT), maximum annual temperature (MaxMAT), minimum annual temperature (MinMAT), mean annual humidity (MAH), mean annual evaporation (MAE), mean annual frosty days (MAFD), mean annual snowy hours (MASH), elevation, and land cover on the distribution of CL were analyzed using geographical information systems (GIS) and univariate and multivariate regression models. Results Of 847 patients studied, 50.9% (n = 431) were female and 49.1% (n = 416) were male. The age classes 0-10 (n = 246) and 11-20 (n = 145) showed the highest frequency of patients, respectively. Leishmaniasis patients were reported from 66 villages/cities (11.8%) out of 561 residential areas in Bam County. Univariate analysis showed that urban settings (OR = 21.66), agriculture (OR = 5.73), orchards (OR = 5), salty land (OR = 1.05), and temperatures (OR = 2.37, 2.79 and 3.47) had positive effects on CL occurrence (p < 0.05), while altitude, precipitation, humidity, evaporation, and the number of frozen days had negative effects. Multivariate analysis identified urban settings (OR = 13.6), orchards (OR = 6.29), agriculture (OR = 5.82), and minimum temperature (OR = 2.38) as the most significant determinants of CL occurrence in this region. Conclusion Environmental and ecological factors play an important role in the distribution of CL in Bam County. The high-risk zones for CL are cities/large villages, agricultural and orchard areas in lower altitudes and with warmer climates and lower rainfall and humidity. This model can guide researchers and health managers to properly conduct CL control programs and allocate budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Ghatee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Kohansal
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Davari A, Hajjaran H, Khamesipour A, Mohebali M, Mehryab F, Shahsavari S, Shekari F. Amphotericin B-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Leishmania major Enhancing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment through In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023; 18:514-525. [PMID: 38169565 PMCID: PMC10758083 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i4.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown an increasing number of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) who do not respond to pentavalent antimonials as the first line of treatment for CL. Nanocarriers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) are efficient vehicles that might be used as drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases. Therefore, we aimed to isolate and characterize the EVs of Leishmania major, load them with Amphotericin B (AmB), and investigate the toxicity and efficacy of the prepared drug form. Methods The EVs of L. major were isolated, characterized, and loaded with amphotericin B (AmB), and the EVs-Amphotericin B (EVs-AmB) form was synthesized. Relevant in vitro and in vivo methods were performed to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of EVs-AmB compared to the control. Results The anti-leishmanial activity of the EVs-AmB showed a higher percentage inhibition (PI%) (P = 0.023) compared to the AmB at different concentrations and time points. Obtained data showed a significant increase in the lesion size and parasite load in the lesion, PBS, and EVs mice groups in comparison with EVs-AmB, AmB, and Glucantime groups (P < 0.05), EVs-AmB had a significant decrease in lesion sizes in comparison with AmB (P < 0.05). Results showed that EVs-AmB decreased its toxicity to the kidneys and liver (P < 0.05). Conclusion EVs-AmB improved the efficacy of AmB in mouse skin lesions and reduced hepatorenal toxicity. Furthermore, EVs could be a promising nanoplatform for the delivery of AmB in CL caused by L. major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Davari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahsavari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
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Alizadeh Z, Shirzadi MR, Hassanpour GR, Keshavarz H, Mohebali F, Eskandari SE, Zeinali M, Shirmohammad S, Mohebali M. Field Efficacy of Topical Nano-Liposomal Amphotericin B (Sina Ampholeish®) Alone or in Combination with Glucantime® and Cryotherapy on Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023; 18:419-426. [PMID: 38169758 PMCID: PMC10758084 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i4.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease that presents a broad spectrum of clinical features. Treatment of CL is problematic. We aimed to compare the field therapeutic efficacy of topical nanoliposomes containing 0.4% amphotericin B (Nano Lip-AmB) alone and in combination with cryotherapy and/or Glucantime® on human CL in the endemic areas of Iran. Methods This retrospective study was performed based on the results of using Nano Lip-AmB alone or with Glucantime® and/or cryotherapy in the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in patients referred to health centers of Isfahan, Golestan and Ilam Provinces of Iran as endemic foci of ZCL caused by Leishmania major besides Mashhad and Bam cities as endemic foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by with L. tropica. Results Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with CL were included in the current study. All of the patients (100%) who received Nano Lip-AmB alone or in combination with Glucantime® and/or cryotherapy based on guideline of Iranian national committee for the treatment of CL. Two patients with 7 skin lesions, who was resident in ACL endemic area and received Nano Lip-AmB plus Glucantime® and another patient was a resident of ZCL endemic area and received Nano Lip-AmB plus cryotherapy showed clinical relapses after treatment. Conclusion Sina Ampholeish® in combination with other standard protocols of treatment of CL is well tolerated and with acceptable clinical efficacy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Zoonoses Control Department, Center for Communicable Diseases Management, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zeinali
- Zoonoses Control Department, Center for Communicable Diseases Management, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Shirmohammad
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bozorg-Omid F, Kafash A, Jafari R, Akhavan AA, Rahimi M, Rahimi Foroushani A, Youssefi F, Shirzadi MR, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Predicting current and future high-risk areas for vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11546. [PMID: 37460690 PMCID: PMC10352301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will affect the distribution of species in the future. To determine the vulnerable areas relating to CL in Iran, we applied two models, MaxEnt and RF, for the projection of the future distribution of the main vectors and reservoirs of CL. The results of the models were compared in terms of performance, species distribution maps, and the gain, loss, and stable areas. The models provided a reasonable estimate of species distribution. The results showed that the Northern and Southern counties of Iran, which currently do not have a high incidence of CL may witness new foci in the future. The Western, and Southwestern regions of the Country, which currently have high habitat suitability for the presence of some vectors and reservoirs, will probably significantly decrease in the future. Furthermore, the most stable areas are for T. indica and M. hurrianae in the future. So that, this species may remain a major reservoir in areas that are present under current conditions. With more local studies in the field of identifying vulnerable areas to CL, it can be suggested that the national CL control guidelines should be revised to include a section as a climate change adaptation plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Bozorg-Omid
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anooshe Kafash
- Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- School of Public Health, Esfahan Health Research Station, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Combat Desertification, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Youssefi
- Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khorram M, Masjedi H, Tabrizi F, Rezaei M, Tabarsi P, Marjani M, Pourabdoullah M, Sheikholeslami FM. The Accuracy of Diagnosis and Genotyping of Leishmania Species Based on Spliced Leader Mini-Exon Gene by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Sequencing Assays. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023; 18:331-341. [PMID: 37886256 PMCID: PMC10597884 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i3.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of genotyping of Leishmania species by the spliced leader mini-exon gene. Methods Suspected leishmaniasis patients, referred to Masieh Daneshvary Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included from May 2017 to September 2021. The Leishmania species were genotyped by PCRRFLP based on the SL mini-exon gene and the ITS1 region of SSU-rRNA gene and compared with the sequencing results. The expressed metabolites of metacyclic promastigotes were evaluated by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Results Out of 66 suspected cases, 36 (54.4%) were positive for Leishmania species based on the PCR assays. In 21 (31.8%) cases, promastigotes grew on culture tubes. Based on the RFLP of SL RNA profile, 13 (19.7%) L. tropica, 9 (13.6%) L. major, 3 (4.5%) L. infantum, and 8 (12.1%) C. fasciculata isolates, isolated from culture media, were identified; however, 3 (4.5%) cases were unidentifiable due to the low number of parasites. Seventeen metabolites were expressed by the metacyclic forms of L. major, L. tropica and C. fasciculata isolates. The top differential metabolites expressed more in C. fasciculata were FAD, p-Methoxybenzyl alcohol and S-b-G-5, 5-G-b-S (A = CH2) (P<0.005) whereas Veratryl glycerols and D-(+)-Mannose were significantly increased in L. major and Betulin, LTyrosine in L. tropica (P<0.01). Conclusion The invaluable techniques such as sequencing and 1H-NMR confirmed the results of genotyping of Leishmania species based on the SL mini-exon gene. SL mini exon gene can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate various Leishmania genotypes and detect contamination of culture media with C. fasciculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Khorram
- Department of New Sciences and Technologies, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Masjedi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabrizi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Pourabdoullah
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh-Maryam Sheikholeslami
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dr. Khosroshahi’s Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
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Sheikhi S, Heidari A, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, Heidari A, Sezavar M, Akhoundi B, Bairami A. Molecular Identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species in the Northcentral Iranian Province of Alborz: Is There a New Focus on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Province? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2023; 18:244-250. [PMID: 37583638 PMCID: PMC10423915 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v18i2.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic infection in the Middle East, including Iran that is also spreading to new foci. We aimed to determine the leishmaniasis species causing CL in Alborz province. Methods Overall, out of 55-suspected CL patients referred to health centers in Alborz Province, north central Iran in 2019, 40 patients had positive smear for CL based on optical microscopy. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by PCR. Leishmania species were identified by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using BshF I (Hae III) enzyme. Results Out of the 40 positive patients with CL, 34 cases (85%) had been caused by Leishmania (L) major and six (15%) by L. tropica. Fifteen patients had no history of traveling to the disease endemic areas, of which nine were Iranians. Skin lesions and scars caused by CL were mostly observed on the hands and face. Moreover, more than two skin lesions were observed in 22 cases (55%), all of which were infected with L. major. A single skin ulcer was seen in 18 (45%) of the CL patients. Conclusion Climate change, reduced rainfall, and demographic changes such as migration into Alborz Province and the increasing marginalization of the population and their entry to settle in new areas might have caused natural transmission of both L. tropica and L. major in this province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sheikhi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aliehsan Heidari
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amir Heidari
- Department of Cardiovascular, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Sezavar
- Department of Experimental Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behnaz Akhoundi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amir Bairami
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Amini SM, Hadighi R, Najm M, Alipour M, Hasanpour H, Vosoogh M, Vosough A, Hajizadeh M, Badirzadeh A. The Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin-coated Gold Nanoparticle Against Leishmania Major Causative Agent of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL): An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:104. [PMID: 36781499 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized and characterized curcumin-coated gold nanoparticles (Cur@AuNPs) and investigated their stability, cytotoxicity, leishmanicidal activity in in vitro and in in vivo experiments. Cur@AuNPs synthesized through a simple one-pot green chemistry technique. The in vitro leishmanicidal activity of curcumin-coated gold nanoparticles against extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of protozoan parasite Leishmania major (L. major) was determined by applying the tetrazolium reduction colorimetric quantitative MTT technique. For in vivo assessment, the footpad lesion size and parasite burden in two infection site organs including lymph nodes and footpads of susceptible BALB/c mice infected with L. major were measured. Mice immune responses in all study groups were quantified by measuring the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Viability of Leishmania promastigotes significantly diminished with the inhibition in promastigotes growth (IC50) of 64.79 μg/mL and 29.89 μg/mL for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In vitro nanoparticles treatment efficiently cleared the L. major amastigotes explanted in macrophages but had no harmful toxicity on the mice cells. In the in vivo condition, in the treated infected BALB/c mice the CL lesion size, Leishmania parasite burden, and IL-4 were decreased, while IFN-γ was significantly increased. The results suggest that Cur@AuNP was an effective compound against Leishmania parasite in vitro and in vivo, efficiently induced T-helper 1 (Th1) responses and augmented host cellular immune responses, and ending in a reduced Leishmania parasite burden. Therefore, it may be identified as a novel potential therapeutic approach for the local therapy of zoonotic CL treatment with high cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hadighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najm
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Lahijan Branch Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Hasanpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehran Vosoogh
- Center of Experimental and Comparative Studies, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Araz Vosough
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nahidi Y, Tayyebi Meibodi N, Ghazvini K, Arabi Moghadam HS, Akhlaghi S, Torabian F. PCR-Based Diagnosis of Leishmania Species in Chronic Granulomatous Dermatitis in Mashhad, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 17:573-582. [PMID: 36694566 PMCID: PMC9825699 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i4.11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic granulomatous dermatitis (CGD). Approximately, 90% of CL patients are from seven countries including Iran. We explain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic technique for chronic granulomatosis dermatoses including CL in Mashhad, Iran. Methods This study enrolled 64 patients within 2009-2013 with chronic granulomatosis dermatitis referred to dermatology and pathology departments of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. We gathered demographic data from archived folders. Histological light microscopic evaluation and parasitological tests were done on selected specimens. We used PCR diagnostic test on specimens. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 15. Results Generally, 7 out of 64 specimens had Leishmania DNA and other samples had no Leishmania DNA. The mean age of patients was 46 ± 18.77 years; disease duration was 7 ± 6.73 months ranging from 1-24 months. Most of the lesions were located on face and upper limb. Totally, 5 out of 7 samples were Leishmania major and 2 out of 7 samples were L. tropica. Tuberculoid granuloma was present in L. tropica samples and 3 of L. major samples. Other light microscopic changes were as follow: 42 suppurative granuloma, and epidermal changes including atrophy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and parakeratosis with dermal changes including, plasma cell, involvement of papillary and reticular dermis, and distribution of granuloma to hypodermis. Conclusion Our results addressed PCR-based diagnosis of chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is resulted from L. major and L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Nahidi
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naser Tayyebi Meibodi
- Department of Pathology, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Akhlaghi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Torabian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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