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Yang L, Cui B, Chen H, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Song S, Yin Q, Zhao G, Hao Z. Research on microstructural-mechanical and shearing properties of castor seed during mechanical extraction. J Texture Stud 2023; 54:902-912. [PMID: 37407436 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Castor seed oil, as an important biomass fuel, has attracted extensive attention worldwide due to inclusive applications. Castor seed screw mechanical extraction is in fact seed shear damage and oil output. Seed shearing mechanism has been investigated with a developed tribometer. Influences of pressing load, shearing speed, roller roughness were analyzed. Castor seed structural damage was in-situ observed with optical microscope, and in-depth analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The results reveal that shear interaction can be divided into three stages: coat damage, transition shearing and endosperm oil output. Seed shear mechanism includes coat peeling, endosperm plowing, tissue transferring and oil lubrication. High pressing load leads to more damage of coat and endosperm, causing more oil to flow out. With shearing speed increasing, coat is easily peeled, obvious endosperm shear plowing and oil lubrication happened in contact area. Coat damage by high roughness leads more oil output. Castor oil enters the contact area and work as lubricant, leading to the decrease of friction resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Cereals and Oils Machinery Engineering Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoyun Song
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Cereals and Oils Machinery Engineering Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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A Biorefinery Approach to Biodiesel Production from Castor Plants. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high consumption of fossil fuels has significant environmental implications. An alternative to reduce the use of fossil fuels and develop ecological and economic processes is the bio-refinery approach. In the present study, the authors present the production of biodiesel from castor plants through a biorefinery approach. The process includes sub-processes associated with the integral use of castor plants, such as biodiesel production, oil extraction, fertilizer, and solid biomass production. Economic analyses show that producing only biodiesel is not feasible, but economic indicators (NPV, IRR, and profitability index) show it is much more feasible to establish businesses for the valorization of products and subproducts of castor plants, such as biomass densification. The internal rate return for the second scenario (E2) was 568%, whereas, for the first scenario (E1), it was not possible to obtain a return on investment.
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