Computational Screening of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Storage

Covalent organic frameworks: spotlight on applications in the pharmaceutical arena

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have much potential in the field of analytical separation research due to their distinctive characteristics, including easy modification, low densities, large specific surface areas and permanent porosity. This article provides a historical overview of the synthesis and broad perspectives on the applications of COFs. The use of COF-based membranes in gas separation, water treatment (desalination, heavy metals and dye removal), membrane filtration, photoconduction, sensing and fuel cells is also covered. However, these COFs also demonstrate great promise as solid-phase extraction sorbents and solid-phase microextraction coatings. In addition to various separation applications, this work aims to highlight important advancements in the synthesis of COFs for chiral and isomeric compounds.

Computational Selection of High-Performing Covalent Organic Frameworks for Adsorption and Membrane-Based CO2/H2 Separation

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have high potential in gas separation technologies because of their porous structures, large surface areas, and good stabilities. The number of synthesized COFs already reached several hundreds, but only a handful of materials were tested as adsorbents and/or membranes. We used a high-throughput computational screening approach to uncover adsorption-based and membrane-based CO₂/H₂ separation potentials of 288 COFs, representing the highest number of experimentally synthesized COFs studied to date for precombustion CO₂ capture. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were performed to assess CO₂/H₂ mixture separation performances of COFs for five different cyclic adsorption processes: pressure swing adsorption, vacuum swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption (TSA), pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA), and vacuum-temperature swing adsorption (VTSA). The results showed that many COFs outperform traditional zeolites in terms of CO₂ selectivities and working capacities and PTSA is the best process leading to the highest adsorbent performance scores. Combining GCMC and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, CO₂ and H₂ permeabilities and selectivities of COF membranes were calculated. The majority of COF membranes surpass Robeson's upper bound because of their higher H₂ permeabilities compared to polymers, indicating that the usage of COFs has enormous potential to replace current materials in membrane-based H₂/CO₂ separation processes. Performance analysis based on the structural properties showed that COFs with narrow pores [the largest cavity diameter (LCD) < 15 Å] and low porosities (ϕ < 0.75) are the top adsorbents for selective separation of CO₂ from H₂, whereas materials with large pores (LCD > 20 Å) and high porosities (ϕ > 0.85) are generally the best COF membranes for selective separation of H₂ from CO₂. These results will help to speed up the engineering of new COFs with desired structural properties to achieve high-performance CO₂/H₂ separations.