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Kim KS, Park JS, Hwang E, Park MJ, Shin HY, Lee YH, Kim KM, Gautron L, Godschall E, Portillo B, Grose K, Jung SH, Baek SL, Yun YH, Lee D, Kim E, Ajwani J, Yoo SH, Güler AD, Williams KW, Choi HJ. GLP-1 increases preingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans. Science 2024:eadj2537. [PMID: 38935778 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective anti-obesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to obese patients and observed heightened sense of preingestive satiation. Analysis of human and mouse brain samples pinpointed GLP-1R neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as candidates for encoding preingestive satiation. Optogenetic manipulation of DMHGLP-1R neurons caused satiation. Calcium imaging demonstrated that these neurons are actively involved in encoding preingestive satiation. GLP-1RA administration increased the activity of DMHGLP-1R neurons selectively during eating behavior. We further identified an intricate interplay between DMHGLP-1R neurons and arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons (ARCNPY/AgRP), to regulate food intake. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic mechanism through which GLP-1RAs control preingestive satiation, offering novel neural targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsang Hwang
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bryan Portillo
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Grose
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Lin Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Ajwani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, 101 Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Gangwon-do 25159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yamada C, Hattori T, Ohnishi S, Takeda H. Ghrelin Enhancer, the Latest Evidence of Rikkunshito. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761631. [PMID: 34957179 PMCID: PMC8702727 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rikkunshito is a Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo) that has been attracting attention and researched by many researchers not only in Japan but also worldwide. There are 214 rikkunshito articles that can be searched on PubMed by August 2021. The reason why rikkunshito has attracted so much attention is due to an epoch-making report (Gastroenterology, 2008) discovered that rikkunshito promotes the secretion of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin. Since then, many researchers have discovered that rikkunshito has a direct effect on the ghrelin receptor, GHS-R1a, and an effect of enhancing the ghrelin signal to the brain. Additionally, a lot of evidence that rikkunshito is expected to be effective for various gastrointestinal diseases have also been demonstrated. Numerous basic and clinical studies have suggested that rikkunshito affects (i) various discomforts caused by anticancer drugs, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, (ii) various stress-induced anorexia, (iii) hypophagia in the elderly, and (iv) healthy lifespan. In this review, as one who discovered the ghrelin enhancer effect of rikkunshito, we will review the research of rikkunshito so far and report on the latest research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Gastroenterology, Tokeidai Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Rathod YD, Di Fulvio M. The feeding microstructure of male and female mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246569. [PMID: 33539467 PMCID: PMC7861458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding pattern and control of energy intake in mice housed in groups are poorly understood. Here, we determined and quantified the normal feeding microstructure of social male and female mice of the C57BL/6J genetic background fed a chow diet. Mice at 10w, 20w and 30w of age showed the expected increase in lean and fat mass, being the latter more pronounced and variable in males than in females. Under ad libitum conditions, 20w and 30w old females housed in groups showed significantly increased daily energy intake when adjusted to body weight relative to age-matched males. This was the combined result of small increases in energy intake during the nocturnal and diurnal photoperiods of the day without major changes in the circadian pattern of energy intake or spontaneous ambulatory activity. The analysis of the feeding microstructure suggests sex- and age-related contributions of meal size, meal frequency and intermeal interval to the control of energy intake under stable energy balance, but not under negative energy balance imposed by prolonged fasting. During the night, 10-20w old females ate less frequently bigger meals and spent more time eating them resulting in reduced net energy intake relative to age-matched males. In addition, male and female mice at all ages tested significantly shortened the intermeal interval during the first hours of re-feeding in response to fasting without affecting meal size. Further, 20-30w old males lengthened their intermeal interval as re-feeding time increased to reach fed-levels faster than age-matched females. Collectively, our results suggest that the physiological mechanisms controlling meal size (satiation) and the non-eating time spent between meals (satiety) during stable or negative energy balance are regulated in a sex- and age-dependent manner in social mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakshkumar Dilipbhai Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
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Weger BD, Gobet C, David FPA, Atger F, Martin E, Phillips NE, Charpagne A, Weger M, Naef F, Gachon F. Systematic analysis of differential rhythmic liver gene expression mediated by the circadian clock and feeding rhythms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015803118. [PMID: 33452134 PMCID: PMC7826335 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015803118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock and feeding rhythms are both important regulators of rhythmic gene expression in the liver. To further dissect the respective contributions of feeding and the clock, we analyzed differential rhythmicity of liver tissue samples across several conditions. We developed a statistical method tailored to compare rhythmic liver messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in mouse knockout models of multiple clock genes, as well as PARbZip output transcription factors (Hlf/Dbp/Tef). Mice were exposed to ad libitum or night-restricted feeding under regular light-dark cycles. During ad libitum feeding, genetic ablation of the core clock attenuated rhythmic-feeding patterns, which could be restored by the night-restricted feeding regimen. High-amplitude mRNA expression rhythms in wild-type livers were driven by the circadian clock, but rhythmic feeding also contributed to rhythmic gene expression, albeit with significantly lower amplitudes. We observed that Bmal1 and Cry1/2 knockouts differed in their residual rhythmic gene expression. Differences in mean expression levels between wild types and knockouts correlated with rhythmic gene expression in wild type. Surprisingly, in PARbZip knockout mice, the mean expression levels of PARbZip targets were more strongly impacted than their rhythms, potentially due to the rhythmic activity of the D-box-repressor NFIL3. Genes that lost rhythmicity in PARbZip knockouts were identified to be indirect targets. Our findings provide insights into the diurnal transcriptome in mouse liver as we identified the differential contributions of several core clock regulators. In addition, we gained more insights on the specific effects of the feeding-fasting cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Weger
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD-4072, Australia
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice P A David
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Gene Expression Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- BioInformatics Competence Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Atger
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Martin
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas E Phillips
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meltem Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD-4072, Australia
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Société des Produits Nestlé, Nestlé Research, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD-4072, Australia
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