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Novelli F, Ganini C, Melino G, Nucci C, Han Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Candi E. p63 in corneal and epidermal differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nakano M, Ohwada K, Shindo Y, Konno T, Kohno T, Kikuchi S, Tsujiwaki M, Ishii D, Nishida S, Kakuki T, Obata K, Miyata R, Kurose M, Kondoh A, Takano K, Kojima T. Inhibition of HDAC and Signal Transduction Pathways Induces Tight Junctions and Promotes Differentiation in p63-Positive Salivary Duct Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112584. [PMID: 35681564 PMCID: PMC9179926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family p63 gene is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of various epithelial cells, and it is overexpressed in some salivary gland neoplasia. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are thought to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and HDAC inhibitors downregulate p63 expression in cancers. p63 is not only a diagnostic marker of salivary gland neoplasia, but it also promotes the malignancy. Inhibition of HDAC and signal transduction pathways inhibited cell proliferation and migration, induced tight junctions, and promoted differentiation in p63-positive salivary duct adenocarcinoma (SDC). It is, therefore, useful in therapy for p63-positive SDC cells. Abstract Background: The p53 family p63 is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of various epithelial basal cells. It is overexpressed in several cancers, including salivary gland neoplasia. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are thought to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and HDAC inhibitors downregulate p63 expression in cancers. Methods: In the present study, to investigate the roles and regulation of p63 in salivary duct adenocarcinoma (SDC), human SDC cell line A253 was transfected with siRNA-p63 or treated with the HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and quisinostat (JNJ-26481585). Results: In a DNA array, the knockdown of p63 markedly induced mRNAs of the tight junction (TJ) proteins cingulin (CGN) and zonula occuludin-3 (ZO-3). The knockdown of p63 resulted in the recruitment of the TJ proteins, the angulin-1/lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR), occludin (OCLN), CGN, and ZO-3 at the membranes, preventing cell proliferation, and leading to increased cell metabolism. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors downregulated the expression of p63, induced TJ structures, recruited the TJ proteins, increased the epithelial barrier function, and prevented cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: p63 is not only a diagnostic marker of salivary gland neoplasia, but it also promotes the malignancy. Inhibition of HDAC and signal transduction pathways is, therefore, useful in therapy for p63-positive SDC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakano
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kizuku Ohwada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuma Shindo
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Daichi Ishii
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Soshi Nishida
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Takuya Kakuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazufumi Obata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Makoto Kurose
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Atsushi Kondoh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (T.K.); (K.O.); (R.M.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (M.N.); (K.O.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (T.K.); (D.I.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis and Muscle Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040755. [PMID: 35453440 PMCID: PMC9026549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile activity, high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of skeletal muscle cause it to continuously produce moderate levels of oxidant species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between the production and elimination of ROS/RNS. However, when the oxidation products exceed the antioxidant defense capacity, the body enters a state of oxidative stress. Myogenesis is an important process to maintain muscle homeostasis and the physiological function of skeletal muscle. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a key role in myogenesis and skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. In this review, we summarize the sources of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle and the causes of oxidative stress and analyze the key role of oxidative stress in myogenesis. Then, we discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and muscle homeostasis and physiopathology. This work systematically summarizes the role of oxidative stress in myogenesis and muscle diseases and provides targets for subsequent antioxidant therapy and repair of inflammatory damage in noninflammatory muscle diseases.
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Pokorná Z, Vysloužil J, Hrabal V, Vojtěšek B, Coates PJ. The foggy world(s) of p63 isoform regulation in normal cells and cancer. J Pathol 2021; 254:454-473. [PMID: 33638205 DOI: 10.1002/path.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p63 exists as two major protein variants (TAp63 and ΔNp63) with distinct expression patterns and functional properties. Whilst downstream target genes of p63 have been studied intensively, how p63 variants are themselves controlled has been relatively neglected. Here, we review advances in understanding ΔNp63 and TAp63 regulation, highlighting their distinct pathways. TAp63 has roles in senescence and metabolism, and in germ cell genome maintenance, where it is activated post-transcriptionally by phosphorylation cascades after DNA damage. The function and regulation of TAp63 in mesenchymal and haematopoietic cells is less clear but may involve epigenetic control through DNA methylation. ΔNp63 functions to maintain stem/progenitor cells in various epithelia and is overexpressed in squamous and certain other cancers. ΔNp63 is transcriptionally regulated through multiple enhancers in concert with chromatin modifying proteins. Many signalling pathways including growth factors, morphogens, inflammation, and the extracellular matrix influence ΔNp63 levels, with inconsistent results reported. There is also evidence for reciprocal regulation, including ΔNp63 activating its own transcription. ΔNp63 is downregulated during cell differentiation through transcriptional regulation, while post-transcriptional events cause proteasomal degradation. Throughout the review, we identify knowledge gaps and highlight discordances, providing potential explanations including cell-context and cell-matrix interactions. Identifying individual p63 variants has roles in differential diagnosis and prognosis, and understanding their regulation suggests clinically approved agents for targeting p63 that may be useful combination therapies for selected cancer patients. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorná
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vysloužil
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hrabal
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borˇivoj Vojtěšek
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Centre of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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