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Gazes Y, Lee S, Fang Z, Mensing A, Noofoory D, Hidalgo Nazario G, Babukutty R, Chen BB, Habeck C, Stern Y. Effects of Brain Maintenance and Cognitive Reserve on Age-Related Decline in Three Cognitive Abilities. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1284-1293. [PMID: 36882044 PMCID: PMC10394982 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related cognitive changes can be influenced by both brain maintenance (BM), which refers to the relative absence over time of changes in neural resources or neuropathologic changes, and cognitive reserve (CR), which encompasses brain processes that allow for better-than-expected behavioral performance given the degree of life-course-related brain changes. This study evaluated the effects of age, BM, and CR on longitudinal changes over 2 visits, 5 years apart, in 3 cognitive abilities that capture most of age-related variability. METHODS Participants included 254 healthy adults aged 20-80 years at recruitment. Potential BM was estimated using whole-brain cortical thickness and white matter mean diffusivity at both visits. Education and intelligence quotient (IQ; estimated with American National Adult Reading Test) were tested as moderating factors for cognitive changes in the 3 cognitive abilities. RESULTS Consistent with BM-after accounting for age, sex, and baseline performance-individual differences in the preservation of mean diffusivity and cortical thickness were independently associated with relative preservation in the 3 abilities. Consistent with CR-after accounting for age, sex, baseline performance, and structural brain changes-higher IQ, but not education, was associated with reduced 5-year decline in reasoning (β = 0.387, p = .002), and education was associated with reduced decline in speed (β = 0.237, p = .039). DISCUSSION These results demonstrate that both CR and BM can moderate cognitive changes in healthy aging and that the 2 mechanisms can make differential contributions to preserved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhiqian Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley Mensing
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diala Noofoory
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geneva Hidalgo Nazario
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reshma Babukutty
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bryan B Chen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Stasolla F, Di Gioia M. Combining reinforcement learning and virtual reality in mild neurocognitive impairment: a new usability assessment on patients and caregivers. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1189498. [PMID: 37293666 PMCID: PMC10244593 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1189498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
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Bakhtiari A, Petersen J, Urdanibia-Centelles O, Ghazi MM, Fagerlund B, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Lauritzen M, Benedek K. Power and distribution of evoked gamma oscillations in brain aging and cognitive performance. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00749-x. [PMID: 36763241 PMCID: PMC10400513 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gamma oscillations (≈25-100 Hz) are believed to play an essential role in cognition, and aberrant gamma oscillations occur in brain aging and neurodegeneration. This study examined age-related changes in visually evoked gamma oscillations at two different time points 5 years apart and tested the hypothesis that the power of gamma oscillations correlated to cognitive skills. METHODS The cohort consists of elderly males belonging to the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (first visit, N=124; second visit, N=88) over a 5-year period from 63 to 68 years of age. Cognitive functions were assessed using a neuropsychological test battery measuring global cognition, intelligence, memory, and processing speed. The power of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) was measured at 8 Hz (alpha) and 36 Hz (gamma) frequencies using EEG scalp electrodes. RESULTS Over the 5-year period cognitive performance remained relatively stable while the power of visually evoked gamma oscillations shifted from posterior to anterior brain regions with increasing age. A higher-than-average cognitive score was correlated with higher gamma power in parieto-occipital areas and lower in frontocentral areas, i.e., preserved distribution of the evoked activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that the distribution of visually evoked gamma activity becomes distributed with age. Preserved posterior-occipital gamma power in participants with a high level of cognitive performance is consistent with a close association between the ability to produce gamma oscillations and cognition. The data may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that link evoked gamma activity and cognition in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Petersen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olalla Urdanibia-Centelles
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi
- Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bakhtiari A, Vestergaard MB, Benedek K, Fagerlund B, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Lauritzen M, Larsson HBW, Lindberg U. Changes in hippocampal volume during a preceding 10-year period do not correlate with cognitive performance and hippocampal blood‒brain barrier permeability in cognitively normal late-middle-aged men. GeroScience 2022; 45:1161-1175. [PMID: 36534276 PMCID: PMC9886720 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may increase in normal healthy ageing and contribute to neurodegenerative disease. To examine this hypothesis, we investigated the correlation between blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, regional brain volume, memory functions and health and lifestyle factors in The Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with a gadolinium-based contrast agent to assess BBB permeability in 77 participants in the cohort. BBB permeability was measured as Ki values in the hippocampus, thalamus and white matter. Over a 10-year period, we observed progressive atrophy of both the left and right hippocampus (p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between current BBB permeability and hippocampal volume, prior atrophy or cognition. The hippocampus volume ratio was associated with better visual and verbal memory scores (p < 0.01). Regional BBB differences revealed higher Ki values in the hippocampus and white matter than in the thalamus (p < 0.001). Participants diagnosed with type II diabetes had significantly higher BBB permeability in the white matter (p = 0.015) and thalamus (p = 0.016), which was associated with a higher Fazekas score (p = 0.024). We do not find evidence that BBB integrity is correlated with age-related hippocampal atrophy or cognitive functions. The association between diabetes, white matter hyperintensities and increased BBB permeability is consistent with the idea that cerebrovascular disease compromises BBB integrity. Our findings suggest that the hippocampus is particularly prone to age-related atrophy, which may explain some of the cognitive changes that accompany older age, but this prior atrophy is not correlated with current BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mark B. Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krisztina Benedek
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik B. W. Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Subclinical cognitive deficits are associated with reduced cerebrovascular response to visual stimulation in mid-sixties men. GeroScience 2022; 44:1905-1923. [PMID: 35648331 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation is observed in patients with neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we examined the correlation between reduced cerebrovascular response to visual activation (ΔCBFVis.Act) and subclinical cognitive deficits in a human population of mid-sixties individuals without neurodegenerative disease. Such a correlation would suggest that impaired cerebrovascular function occurs before overt neurodegenerative disease. A total of 187 subjects (age 64-67 years) of the Metropolit Danish Male Birth Cohort participated in the study. ΔCBFVis.Act was measured using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. ΔCBFVis.Act correlated positively with cognitive performance in: Global cognition (p = 0.046), paired associative memory (p = 0.025), spatial recognition (p = 0.026), planning (p = 0.016), simple processing speed (p < 0.01), and with highly significant correlations with current intelligence (p < 10-5), and more complex processing speed (p < 10-3), the latter two explaining approximately 11-13% of the variance. Reduced ΔCBFVis.Act was independent of brain atrophy. Our findings suggest that inhibited cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation is an early deficit in the ageing brain and associated with subclinical cognitive deficits. Cerebrovascular dysfunction could be an early sign of a trajectory pointing towards the development of neurodegenerative disease. Future efforts should elucidate if maintenance of a healthy cerebrovascular function can protect against the development of dementia.
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Zarnani K, Smith SM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Fagerlund B, Lauritzen M, Rostrup E, Nichols TE. Discovering correlates of age-related decline in a healthy late-midlife male birth cohort. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16709-16743. [PMID: 32913141 PMCID: PMC7521526 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies exploring age-related brain and cognitive change have identified substantial heterogeneity among individuals, but the underlying reasons for the differential trajectories remain largely unknown. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between brain-imaging phenotypes (IDPs) and cognitive ability, and how these relations may be modified by common risk and protective factors. Participants were recruited from the 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (N=123), a longitudinal study of cognitive and brain ageing. Childhood IQ and socio-demographic factors are available for these participants who have been assessed regularly on multiple IDPs and behavioural factors in midlife. Using Pearson correlations and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we explored the relation between 454 IDPs and 114 behavioural variables. CCA identified a single mode of population covariation coupling cross-subject longitudinal changes in brain structure to changes in cognitive performance and to a range of age-related covariates (r=0.92, Pcorrected < 0.001). Specifically, this CCA-mode indicated that; decreases in IQ and speed assessed tasks, higher rates of familial myocardial infarct, less physical activity, and poorer mental health are associated with larger decreases in whole brain grey matter and white matter. We found no evidence supporting the role of baseline scores as predictors of impending brain and behavioural change in late-midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Zarnani
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing, Centre For Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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7
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Zhuang X, Yang Z, Cordes D. A technical review of canonical correlation analysis for neuroscience applications. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3807-3833. [PMID: 32592530 PMCID: PMC7416047 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting comprehensive data sets of the same subject has become a standard in neuroscience research and uncovering multivariate relationships among collected data sets have gained significant attentions in recent years. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is one of the powerful multivariate tools to jointly investigate relationships among multiple data sets, which can uncover disease or environmental effects in various modalities simultaneously and characterize changes during development, aging, and disease progressions comprehensively. In the past 10 years, despite an increasing number of studies have utilized CCA in multivariate analysis, simple conventional CCA dominates these applications. Multiple CCA-variant techniques have been proposed to improve the model performance; however, the complicated multivariate formulations and not well-known capabilities have delayed their wide applications. Therefore, in this study, a comprehensive review of CCA and its variant techniques is provided. Detailed technical formulation with analytical and numerical solutions, current applications in neuroscience research, and advantages and limitations of each CCA-related technique are discussed. Finally, a general guideline in how to select the most appropriate CCA-related technique based on the properties of available data sets and particularly targeted neuroscience questions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhuang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthLas VegasNevadaUSA
- University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Brain HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
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Alfaro-Almagro F, McCarthy P, Afyouni S, Andersson JLR, Bastiani M, Miller KL, Nichols TE, Smith SM. Confound modelling in UK Biobank brain imaging. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117002. [PMID: 32502668 PMCID: PMC7610719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dealing with confounds is an essential step in large cohort studies to address problems such as unexplained variance and spurious correlations. UK Biobank is a powerful resource for studying associations between imaging and non-imaging measures such as lifestyle factors and health outcomes, in part because of the large subject numbers. However, the resulting high statistical power also raises the sensitivity to confound effects, which therefore have to be carefully considered. In this work we describe a set of possible confounds (including nonlinear effects and interactions that researchers may wish to consider for their studies using such data). We include descriptions of how we can estimate the confounds, and study the extent to which each of these confounds affects the data, and the spurious correlations that may arise if they are not controlled. Finally, we discuss several issues that future studies should consider when dealing with confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jesper L R Andersson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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