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Li LJ, Sun XY, Huang YR, Lu S, Xu YM, Yang J, Xie XX, Zhu J, Niu XY, Wang D, Liang SY, Du XY, Hou SJ, Yu XL, Liu RT. Neuronal double-stranded DNA accumulation induced by DNase II deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:39. [PMID: 39095921 PMCID: PMC11295666 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear how DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA influence neuropathogenesis. Tau hyperphosphorylation is a key factor for the pathogenesis of AD. The effect of DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA on neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation remains unclarified. METHODS The levels of neuronal DNase II and dsDNA in WT and Tau-P301S mice of different ages were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunolabeling, and the levels of DNase II in the plasma of AD patients were measured by ELISA. To investigate the impact of DNase II on tauopathy, the levels of phosphorylated tau, phosphokinase, phosphatase, synaptic proteins, gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of neuronal DNase II-deficient WT mice, neuronal DNase II-deficient Tau-P301S mice and neuronal DNase II-overexpressing Tau-P301S mice were evaluated by immunolabeling, immunoblotting or ELISA. Cognitive performance was determined using the Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, novel object recognition test and open field test. RESULTS The levels of DNase II were significantly decreased in the brains and the plasma of AD patients. DNase II also decreased age-dependently in the neurons of WT and Tau-P301S mice, along with increased dsDNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. The DNA accumulation induced by neuronal DNase II deficiency drove tau phosphorylation by upregulating cyclin-dependent-like kinase-5 (CDK5) and calcium/calmodulin activated protein kinase II (CaMKII) and downregulating phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Moreover, DNase II knockdown induced and significantly exacerbated neuron loss, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in WT and Tau-P301S mice, respectively, while overexpression of neuronal DNase II exhibited therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSIONS DNase II deficiency and cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation can initiate tau phosphorylation, suggesting DNase II as a potential therapeutic target for tau-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ya-Ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi-Xiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of BigData, Beijing Medintell Bioinformatic Technology Co., LTD, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shi-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Maliar NL, Talbot EJ, Edwards AR, Khoronenkova SV. Microglial inflammation in genome instability: A neurodegenerative perspective. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 135:103634. [PMID: 38290197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability is crucial for cell homeostasis and tissue integrity. Numerous human neuropathologies display chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, set against a backdrop of genome instability, implying a close interplay between the DNA damage and immune responses in the context of neurological disease. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk is essential for holistic understanding of neuroinflammatory pathways in genome instability disorders. Non-neuronal cell types, specifically microglia, are major drivers of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system with neuro-protective and -toxic capabilities. Here, we discuss how persistent DNA damage affects microglial homeostasis, zooming in on the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway and the downstream inflammatory response, which can drive neurotoxic outcomes in the context of genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Maliar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail R Edwards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Heimes A, Brodhagen J, Weikard R, Becker D, Meyerholz MM, Petzl W, Zerbe H, Schuberth HJ, Hoedemaker M, Schmicke M, Engelmann S, Kühn C. Cows selected for divergent mastitis susceptibility display a differential liver transcriptome profile after experimental Staphylococcus aureus mammary gland inoculation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6364-6373. [PMID: 32307160 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the mammary gland, and especially prevention of mastitis, are still major challenges for the dairy industry. Different approaches have been tried to reduce the incidence of mastitis. Genetic selection of cows with lower susceptibility to mastitis promises sustainable success in this regard. Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 18, particularly the region between 43 and 59 Mb, harbors quantitative trait loci (QTL) for somatic cell score, a surrogate trait for mastitis susceptibility. Scrutinizing the molecular bases hereof, we challenged udders from half-sib heifers having inherited either favorable paternal haplotypes for somatic cell score (Q) or unfavorable haplotypes (q) with the Staphylococcus aureus pathogen. RNA sequencing was used for an in-depth analysis of challenge-related alterations in the hepatic transcriptome. Liver exerts highly relevant immune functions aside from being the key metabolic organ. Hence, a holistic approach focusing on the liver enabled us to identify challenge-related and genotype-dependent differentially expressed genes and underlying regulatory networks. In response to the S. aureus challenge, we found that heifers with Q haplotypes displayed more activated immune genes and pathways after S. aureus challenge compared with their q half-sibs. Furthermore, we found a significant enrichment of differentially expressed loci in the genomic target region on BTA18, suggesting the existence of a regionally acting regulatory element with effects on a variety of genes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heimes
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Brodhagen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - R Weikard
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - D Becker
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M M Meyerholz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - W Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - H Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - H-J Schuberth
- Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Schmicke
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - S Engelmann
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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