1
|
Hao Y, Gu C, Luo W, Shen J, Xie F, Zhao Y, Song X, Han Z, He J. The role of protein post-translational modifications in prostate cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17768. [PMID: 39148683 PMCID: PMC11326433 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Involving addition of chemical groups or protein units to specific residues of the target protein, post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the charge, hydrophobicity, and conformation of a protein, which in turn influences protein function, protein-protein interaction, and protein aggregation. These alterations, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation, lipidation, and lactylation, are significant biological events in the development of cancer, and play vital roles in numerous biological processes. The processes behind essential functions, the screening of clinical illness signs, and the identification of therapeutic targets all depend heavily on further research into the PTMs. This review outlines the influence of several PTM types on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis in an effort to shed fresh light on the molecular causes and progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Hao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Gu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Luo
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou BW, Wu QQ, Mauki DH, Wang X, Zhang SR, Yin TT, Chen FL, Li C, Liu YH, Wang GD, Zhang YP. Germline gene fusions across species reveal the chromosomal instability regions and cancer susceptibility. iScience 2023; 26:108431. [PMID: 38205119 PMCID: PMC10777377 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a clonal cell-mediated cancer with a long evolutionary history and extensive karyotype rearrangements in its genome. However, little is known about its genetic similarity to human tumors. Here, using multi-omics data we identified 11 germline gene fusions (GGFs) in CTVT, which showed higher genetic susceptibility than others. Additionally, we illustrate a mechanism of a complex gene fusion of three gene segments (HSD17B4-DMXL1-TNFAIP8) that we refer to "greedy fusion". Our findings also provided evidence that expressions of GGFs are downregulated during the tumor regressive phase, which is associated with DNA methylation level. This study presents a comprehensive landscape of gene fusions (GFs) in CTVT, which offers a valuable genetic resource for exploring potential genetic mechanisms underlying the development of cancers in both dogs and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Qing-Qin Wu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - David H. Mauki
- Institute of Neurological Disease, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Shu-Run Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Fang-Liang Chen
- Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yan-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Sun X, Li T, Shi Y, Xu B, Deng Y, Wang S. A novel proteomic-based model for predicting colorectal cancer with Schistosoma japonicum co-infection by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:269. [PMID: 37904220 PMCID: PMC10614356 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum infection is an important public health problem and the S. japonicum infection is associated with a variety of diseases, including colorectal cancer. We collected the paraffin samples of CRC patients with or without S. japonicum infection according to standard procedures. Data-Independent Acquisition was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis and machine learning algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression) were used to identify candidate genes for diagnosing CRC with S. japonicum infection. To assess the diagnostic value, the nomogram and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were developed. A total of 115 DEPs were screened, the DEPs that were discovered were mostly related with biological process in generation of precursor metabolites and energy,energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds, carboxylic acid metabolic process, oxoacid metabolic process, cellular respiration aerobic respiration according to the analyses. Enrichment analysis showed that these compounds might regulate oxidoreductase activity, transporter activity, transmembrane transporter activity, ion transmembrane transporter activity and inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity. Following the development of PPI network and LASSO, 13 genes (hsd17b4, h2ac4, hla-c, pc, epx, rpia, tor1aip1, mindy1, dpysl5, nucks1, cnot2, ndufa13 and dnm3) were filtered, and 3 candidate hub genes were chosen for nomogram building and diagnostic value evaluation after machine learning. The nomogram and all 3 candidate hub genes (hsd17b4, rpia and cnot2) had high diagnostic values (area under the curve is 0.9556). The results of our study indicate that the combination of hsd17b4, rpia, and cnot2 may become a predictive model for the occurrence of CRC in combination with S. japonicum infection. This study also provides new clues for the mechanism research of S. japonicum infection and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Precision Preventive Medicine Laboratory of Basic Medical School, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China.
| | - Xuguang Sun
- Art School, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Ting Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Yanqing Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Precision Preventive Medicine Laboratory of Basic Medical School, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Yuyong Deng
- Precision Preventive Medicine Laboratory of Basic Medical School, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Sifan Wang
- Precision Preventive Medicine Laboratory of Basic Medical School, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao J, Liu Y, Cui Q, He R, Zhao JR, Lu L, Wang HQ, Dai H, Wang H, Yang W. A prediction model for prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma based on six metabolism-related genes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101440. [PMID: 36852096 PMCID: PMC9957706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of tumor metabolism is of great value to elucidate the mechanism of tumorigenesis and predict the prognosis of patients. However, the prognostic role of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD) remains poorly understood. Methods We downloaded the gene chip dataset GSE79973 (n = 20) of GAD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to compare differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor tissues. We then extracted MRGs from these DEGs and systematically investigated the prognostic value of these differential MRGs for predicting patients' overall survival by univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Six metabolic genes (ACOX3, APOE, DIO2, HSD17B4, NUAK1, and WHSC1L1) were identified as prognosis-associated hub genes, which were used to build a prognostic model in the training dataset GSE15459 (n = 200), and then validated in the dataset GSE62254 (n = 300). Results Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups based on the model's risk score, and it was found that patients in the high-risk subgroup had shorter overall survival than those in the low-risk subgroup, both in the training and testing datasets. In addition, for the training and testing cohorts, the area under the ROC curve of the prognostic model for one-year survival prediction was 0.723 and 0.667, respectively, indicating that the model has good predictive performance. Furthermore, we established a nomogram based on tumor stage and risk score to effectively predict the overall survival (OS) of GAD patients. The expression of 6 MRGs at the protein level was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis further confirmed that their expression influenced OS in GAD patients. Conclusion Collectively, the 6 MRGs signature might be a reliable tool for assessing OS in GAD patients, with potential application value in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qianwen Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Rongli He
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jia-Rong Zhao
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China.,Biological Molecular Information System Laboratory, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang MX, Peng ZG. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108428. [PMID: 37116587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic and a major public health problem, with a prevalence of approximately 25%. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and may be affected by the environment and susceptible genetic factors, resulting in a highly variable disease course and no approved drugs in the clinic. Notably, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 (HSD17B13), which belongs to the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase superfamily (HSD17Bs), is closely related to the clinical outcome of liver disease. HSD17Bs consists of fifteen members, most related to steroid and lipid metabolism, and may have the same biological function as HSD17B13. In this review, we highlight recent advances in basic research on the functional activities, major substrates, and key roles of HSD17Bs in the progression of NAFLD to develop innovative anti-NAFLD drugs targeting HSD17Bs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xi Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin TC, Chuang MH, Hsiung CN, Chang PK, Sun CA, Yang T, Chou YC, Hu JM, Hsu CH. Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer Based on HSD17B4 rs721673 and rs721675 Polymorphisms and Alcohol Intake among Taiwan Biobank Participants: A Retrospective Case Control Study Using the Nationwide Claims Data. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040576. [PMID: 37108962 PMCID: PMC10146027 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health issue, and there are limited studies on the association between 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 4 (HSD17B4) polymorphism and CRC. We used two national databases from Taiwan to examine whether HSD17B4 rs721673, rs721675, and alcohol intake were independently and interactively correlated with CRC development. We linked the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants’ health and lifestyle information and genotypic data from 2012 to 2018 to the National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) to confirm their medical records. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using data from 145 new incident CRC cases and matched 1316 healthy, non-CRC individuals. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CRC based on multiple logistic regression analyses. HSD17B4 rs721673 and rs721675 on chromosome 5 were significantly and positively correlated with CRC (rs721673 A > G, aOR = 2.62, p = 2.90 × 10−8; rs721675 A > T, aOR = 2.61, p = 1.01 × 10−6). Within the high-risk genotypes, significantly higher ORs were observed among the alcohol intake group. Our results demonstrated that the rs721673 and rs721675 risk genotypes of HSD17B4 might increase the risk of CRC development in Taiwanese adults, especially those with alcohol consumption habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Lin
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Chuang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Data Science Statistical Cooperation Center, Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Tsan Yang
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Hsu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Health Service and Readiness Section, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szukiewicz D. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of estrogen and progesterone signaling at the level of endometrial/endometriotic tissue in the pathomechanism of endometriosis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:193-235. [PMID: 36863794 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a term referring to a condition whereby the endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. This progressive and debilitating condition affects up to 15% of women of reproductive age. Due to the fact that endometriosis cells may express estrogen receptors (ERα, Erβ, GPER) and progesterone (P4) receptors (PR-A, PR-B), their growth, cyclic proliferation, and breakdown are similar to the processes occurring in the endometrium. The underlying etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still not fully explained. The retrograde transport of viable menstrual endometrial cells with the retained ability to attach within the pelvic cavity, proliferate, differentiate and invade into the surrounding tissue explains the most widely accepted implantation theory. Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) with clonogenic potential constitute the most abundant population of cells within endometrium that resemble the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accordingly, formation of the endometriotic foci in endometriosis may be due to a kind of EnSCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates the underestimated role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hormone-mediated epigenetic modifications of the genome in EnSCs or even MSCs were attributed an important role in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The roles of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance were also found to be crucial in the development of epigenetic homeostasis failure. Therefore, the aim of this review was to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs and the changed properties due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation, play crucial roles in the regulation of autophagy. Acetylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for autophagy. Acetylation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by targeting core components of the ULK1 complex, the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex, and the LC3 lipidation system. Recent studies have shown that acetylation occurs on the key proteins participating in autophagic cargo assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, such as SQSTM1/p62 and STX17. In addition, acetylation controls autophagy at the transcriptional level by targeting histones and the transcription factor TFEB. Here, we review the current knowledge on acetylation of autophagy proteins and their regulations and functions in the autophagy pathway with focus on recent findings.Abbreviations : ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACSS2: acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RUBCN/Rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; RUBCNL/Pacer: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SNARE: soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; TP53INP2/DOR: tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Wei Wan Research Building B, Room 716, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan X, Zhang X, Ban J, Yue L, Ren L, Chen S. Effects of High-Fat Diet on Cardiovascular Protein Expression in Mice Based on Proteomics. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:873-882. [PMID: 37012931 PMCID: PMC10066704 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s405327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of high-fat diet on protein expression in mouse heart and aorta using proteomic techniques. METHODS A high-fat diet was used to construct an obese mouse model, and body weight was checked regularly. After the experiment, serum lipid and oxidative stress levels were measured. Proteomic detection of cardiac and aortic protein expression. Cardiac and aortic common differentially expressed proteins (Co-DEPs) were screened based on proteomic results. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and screening of key proteins were performed. RESULTS A high-fat diet significantly increased body weight in mice. Obese mice had considerably higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ROS, and MDA. In the heart and aorta, 17 Co-DEPs were discovered. The results of functional analysis of these proteins indicated that they were mainly related to lipid metabolism. Ech1, Decr1, Hsd17b4, Hsdl2 and Acadvl were screened as key proteins. In mice, a high-fat diet causes lipid metabolism to become disrupted, resulting in higher levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products. CONCLUSION Ech1, Decr1, Hsd17b4, Hsdl2 and Acadvl as cardiac and aortic Co-DEPs are closely related to lipid metabolism and may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for obesity-induced cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 31185988406, Email
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Liang J, Han Z, Wang L, Liang J, Zhang S. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and a proteomic profile in lung adenocarcinoma cases with brain metastasis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1389. [PMID: 36660652 PMCID: PMC9843405 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Brain metastasis (BM) is the main cause of death of individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for the early detection and treatment of BM of LAC urgently need to be identified. In this study, we analyzed the pathogenesis of LAC-induced BM by detecting micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) and proteome expression differences between primary LAC lesion and BM tissue specimens to identify biomarkers of LAC-associated BM and develop potential therapeutic targets. Methods The miRNA and protein profiles of non-metastatic primary LAC and BM cases were examined to further explore the mechanism of BM. The roles and interactions of differential miRNAs and proteins were subject to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The interactions of differential miRNAs and proteins were analyzed by R software and depicted using Cytoscape. Results Compared to the LAC tissue specimens, 16 and 4 miRNAs showed increased and reduced levels, respectively, in the BM tissue specimens, and 53 proteins were upregulated, and 35 proteins were downregulated. The enrichment pathway analysis showed the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and the primary immunodeficiency pathways played important roles in the pathogenetic mechanisms of BM in LAC. Conclusions This study extended understandings of the regulatory network of miRNAs and proteins and provided novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of BM in LAC at the miRNA and protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan X, Yue L, Ban J, Ren L, Chen S. Effects of Semaglutide on Cardiac Protein Expression and Cardiac Function of Obese Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6409-6425. [PMID: 36452054 PMCID: PMC9704011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s391859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using proteomics to study the effect of semaglutide on cardiac protein expression in obese mice. Assessment of the effect of semaglutide on cardiac function in obese mice. Materials and Methods The mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (WC), the high-fat group (WF), and the high-fat diet with semaglutide intervention group (WS). Serum samples were collected, and lipids, blood glucose, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and cardiac ultrasound, were examined. The cardiac weight of each group of mice was measured, and pathological alterations were examined. Inflammation and oxidative stress levels in heart tissue were evaluated. The labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform was used to find differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and screen for related pathways and key proteins in a proteomics study. Results Semaglutide greatly alleviated obesity-induced lipid metabolism abnormalities, improved cardiac ventricular wall thickening, and significantly reduced myocardial collagen content in obese mice. Semaglutide significantly reduces obesity-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. There were 64 DEPs in the WF/WC group, with 39 upregulated proteins and 25 downregulated proteins. The WS/WC group, on the other hand, had 83 DEPs, including 57 upregulated and 26 downregulated proteins. Following functional analysis, DEPs were shown to be largely associated with lipid metabolism and peroxisomes. Apolipoprotein A-II, catalase, diazepam-binding inhibitor, paraoxonase-1, and hydroxysteroid 17-dehydrogenase-4 were all upregulated in the WF group but significantly downregulated in the WS group. A high-fat diet increases the expression of lipid synthesis and transport proteins while increasing inflammation and oxidative stress damage. Conclusion Semaglutide decreases lipid synthesis alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress and prevents lipid peroxidation and cardiac impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 31185988406, Fax +86 31185988406, Email
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morales-Tarré O, Alonso-Bastida R, Arcos-Encarnación B, Pérez-Martínez L, Encarnación-Guevara S. Protein lysine acetylation and its role in different human pathologies: a proteomic approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:949-975. [PMID: 34791964 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) regulated through the action of specific types of enzymes: lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (HDACs), in addition to bromodomains, which are a group of conserved domains which identify acetylated lysine residues, several of the players in the process of protein acetylation, including enzymes and bromodomain-containing proteins, have been related to the progression of several diseases. The combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and immunoprecipitation to enrich acetylated peptides has contributed in recent years to expand the knowledge about this PTM described initially in histones and nuclear proteins, and is currently reported in more than 5000 human proteins, that are regulated by this PTM. AREAS COVERED This review presents an overview of the main participant elements, the scenario in the development of protein lysine acetylation, and its role in different human pathologies. EXPERT OPINION Acetylation targets are practically all cellular processes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes organisms. Consequently, this modification has been linked to many pathologies like cancer, viral infection, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and nervous system-associated diseases, to mention a few relevant examples. Accordingly, some intermediate mediators in the acetylation process have been projected as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Morales-Tarré
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Alonso-Bastida
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Bolivar Arcos-Encarnación
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular Y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular Y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gómez-Sintes R, Arias E. Chaperone-mediated autophagy and disease: Implications for cancer and neurodegeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101025. [PMID: 34629183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a proteolytic process whereby selected intracellular proteins are degraded inside lysosomes. Owing to its selectivity, CMA participates in the modulation of specific regulatory proteins, thereby playing an important role in multiple cellular processes. Studies conducted over the last two decades have enabled the molecular characterization of this autophagic pathway and the design of specific experimental models, and have underscored the importance of CMA in a range of physiological processes beyond mere protein quality control. Those findings also indicate that decreases in CMA function with increasing age may contribute to the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. In the context of neurological diseases, CMA impairment is thought to contribute to the accumulation of misfolded/aggregated proteins, a process central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. CMA therefore constitutes a potential therapeutic target, as its induction accelerates the clearance of pathogenic proteins, promoting cell survival. More recent evidence has highlighted the important and complex role of CMA in cancer biology. While CMA induction may limit tumor development, experimental evidence also indicates that inhibition of this pathway can attenuate the growth of established tumors and improve the response to cancer therapeutics. Here, we describe and discuss the evidence supporting a role of impaired CMA function in neurodegeneration and cancer, as well as future research directions to evaluate the potential of this pathway as a target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Sintes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CIB-CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology & Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Esperanza Arias
- Department of Medicine, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center & Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rios J, Sequeida A, Albornoz A, Budini M. Chaperone Mediated Autophagy Substrates and Components in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614677. [PMID: 33643916 PMCID: PMC7908825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) represents a specific way of lysosomal protein degradation and contrary to macro and microautophagy is independent of vesicles formation. The role of CMA in different physiopathological processes has been studied for several years. In cancer, alterations of the CMA principal components, Hsc70 and Lamp2A protein and mRNA levels, have been described in malignant cells. However, changes in the expression levels of these CMA components are not always associated with changes in CMA activity and their biological significance must be carefully interpreted case by case. The objective of this review is to discuss whether altering the CMA activity, CMA substrates or CMA components is accurate to avoid cancer progression. In particular, this review will discuss about the evidences in which alterations CMA components Lamp2A and Hsc70 are associated or not with changes in CMA activity in different cancer types. This analysis will help to better understand the role of CMA activity in cancer and to elucidate whether CMA can be considered as target for therapeutics. Further, it will help to define whether the attention of the investigation should be focused on Lamp2A and Hsc70 because they can have an independent role in cancer progression beyond of their participation in altered CMA activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Rios
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Sequeida
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelina Albornoz
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center (ARC), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|