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Ibanez KR, Huang TT, Lee JM. Combination Therapy Approach to Overcome the Resistance to PI3K Pathway Inhibitors in Gynecological Cancers. Cells 2024; 13:1064. [PMID: 38920692 PMCID: PMC11201409 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The PI3K signaling pathway plays an essential role in cancer cell proliferation and survival. PI3K pathway inhibitors are now FDA-approved as a single agent treatment or in combination for solid tumors such as renal cell carcinoma or breast cancer. However, despite the high prevalence of PI3K pathway alterations in gynecological cancers and promising preclinical activity in endometrial and ovarian cancer models, PI3K pathway inhibitors showed limited clinical activity in gynecological cancers. In this review, we provide an overview on resistance mechanisms against PI3K pathway inhibitors that limit their use in gynecological malignancies, including genetic alterations that reactivate the PI3K pathway such as PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss, compensatory signaling pathway activation, and feedback loops causing the reactivation of the PI3K signaling pathway. We also discuss the successes and limitations of recent clinical trials aiming to address such resistance mechanisms through combination therapies.
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2
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Jiang J, Zhao W, Tang Q, Wang B, Li X, Feng Z. Over expression of amphiregulin promoted malignant progression in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Alamri AM, Liu X, Blancato JK, Haddad BR, Wang W, Zhong X, Choudhary S, Krawczyk E, Kallakury BV, Davidson BJ, Furth PA. Expanding primary cells from mucoepidermoid and other salivary gland neoplasms for genetic and chemosensitivity testing. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031716. [PMID: 29419396 PMCID: PMC5818080 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted availability of cell and animal models is a rate-limiting step for investigation of salivary gland neoplasm pathophysiology and therapeutic response. Conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technology enables establishment of primary epithelial cell cultures from patient material. This study tested a translational workflow for acquisition, expansion and testing of CRC-derived primary cultures of salivary gland neoplasms from patients presenting to an academic surgical practice. Results showed that cultured cells were sufficient for epithelial cell-specific transcriptome characterization to detect candidate therapeutic pathways and fusion genes, and for screening for cancer risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and driver gene mutations through exome sequencing. Focused study of primary cultures of a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma demonstrated amphiregulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin-protein kinase B (AKT; AKT1) pathway activation, identified through bioinformatics and subsequently confirmed as present in primary tissue and preserved through different secondary 2D and 3D culture media and xenografts. Candidate therapeutic testing showed that the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 reproducibly inhibited cell survival across different culture formats. By contrast, the cells appeared resistant to the adenosine triphosphate competitive AKT inhibitor GSK690693. Procedures employed here illustrate an approach for reproducibly obtaining material for pathophysiological studies of salivary gland neoplasms, and other less common epithelial cancer types, that can be executed without compromising pathological examination of patient specimens. The approach permits combined genetic and cell-based physiological and therapeutic investigations in addition to more traditional pathologic studies, and can be used to build sustainable bio-banks for future inquiries.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Alamri
- Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jan K Blancato
- Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bassem R Haddad
- Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bruce J Davidson
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Oncology and Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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4
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Zhao W, Ding G, Wen J, Tang Q, Yong H, Zhu H, Zhang S, Qiu Z, Feng Z, Zhu J. Correlation between Trop2 and amphiregulin coexpression and overall survival in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:994-1001. [PMID: 28256068 PMCID: PMC5430091 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a multistep and multistage disease and the majority of GC cells could overexpressed one or more oncogenes. Trop2 and amphiregulin (AREG) are both overexpressed in various epithelial cell cancers and have the role in the increases tumor cells division and metastasis. However, little is known about the function and correlation of two oncogenes coexpressed in GC. The expression level of these two genes in 791 cases of GC tissues were tested, the correlations between two genes expression and clinical pathological characteristics and overall survival in GC patients through immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed. This study also explored the mRNA expression level of two genes in 26 cases of freshly GC tissues by qRT‐PCR. The results indicated that Trop2+/AREG+ coexpression was higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues. Trop2+/AREG+ protein coexpression were associated with Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (χ2 = 50.345, P < 0.001), tumor size (χ2 = 40.349, P < 0.001), lymph node metastases (χ2 = 26.481, P < 0.001), and distant metastases (χ2 = 8.387, P = 0.039). GC patients with Trop2+ and AREG+ protein coexpression had poor overall survival rates (HR = 3.682, 95% CI = 2.038–6.654, P < 0.001). The expression level of Trop2/AREG were positively correlated (r 0.254 and P < 0.001). The result of the mRNA expression was similar to that of the protein expression. Overall, Trop2 and AREG could be seen as prognostic cobiomarker in GC and combined detection of Trop2 and AREG could be viewed as helpful in predicting the prognosis of the GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Guipeng Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinbo Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Zhenning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevent and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210029, China
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5
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Wang B, Yong H, Zhu H, Ni D, Tang S, Zhang S, Wang W, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Ding G, Zhu J, Li X, Feng Z. Abnormal amphiregulin expression correlates with gastric cancer prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76684-76692. [PMID: 27713123 PMCID: PMC5363540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health issue with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and tracking of GC is a challenge due to a lack of reliable tools. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that activates growth signaling upon binding of EGF receptors. Elevated AREG expression is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer. Here, we investigated whether increased AREG expression is a disease indicator and/or prognostic biomarker for GC. We used tissue microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess AREG expression in clinical tissue specimens at various stages of GC and a conducted bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the value of AREG over-expression as a GC biomarker. We found that both mRNA and protein expression of AREG were increased in the tissues of GC patients when compared to tissues from non-cancer patients or normal tissues. High expression of AREG was also associated with GC clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival. Thus, over-expression of AREG could serve as a novel GC biomarker, and active surveillance of its expression could be a novel approach to GC diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Center for Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical College and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daguang Ni
- Center for Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijie Tang
- Center for Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guipeng Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Center for Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway plays an integral role in many cellular processes and is frequently altered in cancer, contributing to tumor growth and survival. Small molecule inhibitors have been developed that target the three major nodes of this pathway: PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, because oncogenic PI3K pathway activation is achieved in diverse, potentially redundant ways, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapies has, so far, been limited, despite demonstrating promising preclinical activity. Moreover, pathway activation is associated with resistance to other therapies; thus, in combination, PI3K pathway inhibitors could restore therapeutic sensitivity to these agents. To maximize therapeutic benefit, drug combinations and schedules must be explored to identify those with the highest efficacy and lowest toxicity overlap. In addition, defining appropriate patient subpopulations, for both monotherapy and drug combinations, will be important. However, identifying predictive biomarkers remains a challenge.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, Jiang F, Chen J, Wang L, Zhang WF. MiR-34a suppresses amphiregulin and tumor metastatic potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oncotarget 2016; 6:7454-69. [PMID: 25762634 PMCID: PMC4480692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-34a is a well-known tumor metastasis inhibitor, but only a few target genes involved in metastasis have been identified. In HNSCC, the role of miR-34a in metastasis has not been fully elaborated, and the target gene of miR-34a is still blind. Here we addressed that, the relative lower expression of miR-34a is associated with HNSCC lymphatic metastasis. HNSCC metastasis was found to be strongly suppressed in vitro and in vivo by over-expressing miR-34a. In order to screen the possible target genes of miR-34a in HNSCC, a microarray-based differential mRNA profiling mediated by miR-34a over-expression was performed, and AREG was identified as a pivotal target. We demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of AREG were greatly reduced when forcing miR-34a expression. The correlation between AREG mRNA levels and HNSCC metastatic phenotype was also significant in HNSCC tissues (p < 0.01). Moreover, the results of luciferase assay provided the further evidence that miR-34a degraded AREG mRNA through targeting the 3′-UTR site. Restoration of AREG expression partially rescued miR-34a-mediated cell invasion defects in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Over-expressing miR-34a greatly reduced EGFR and uPA, which were reversed by re-expression of AREG. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-34a targets AREG, and is essential in inhibition of HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jirong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Nakanishi Y, Walter K, Spoerke JM, O'Brien C, Huw LY, Hampton GM, Lackner MR. Activating Mutations in PIK3CB Confer Resistance to PI3K Inhibition and Define a Novel Oncogenic Role for p110β. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1193-203. [PMID: 26759240 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K pathway occurs commonly in a wide variety of cancers. Experience with other successful targeted agents suggests that clinical resistance is likely to arise and may reduce the durability of clinical benefit. Here, we sought to understand mechanisms underlying resistance to PI3K inhibition in PTEN-deficient cancers. We generated cell lines resistant to the pan-PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 from parental PTEN-null breast cancer cell lines and identified a novel PIK3CB D1067Y mutation in both cell lines that was recurrent in cancer patients. Stable expression of mutant PIK3CB variants conferred resistance to PI3K inhibition that could be overcome by downstream AKT or mTORC1/2 inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that the p110β D1067Y mutant was highly activated and induced PIP3 levels at the cell membrane, subsequently promoting the localization and activation of AKT and PDK1 at the membrane and driving PI3K signaling to a level that could withstand treatment with proximal inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrate that the PIK3CB D1067Y mutant behaved as an oncogene and transformed normal cells, an activity that was enhanced by PTEN depletion. Collectively, these novel preclinical and clinical findings implicate the acquisition of activating PIK3CB D1067 mutations as an important event underlying the resistance of cancer cells to selective PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Nakanishi
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kimberly Walter
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jill M Spoerke
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Carol O'Brien
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ling Y Huw
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Garret M Hampton
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark R Lackner
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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Hou MM, Liu X, Wheler J, Naing A, Hong D, Coleman RL, Tsimberidou A, Janku F, Zinner R, Lu K, Kurzrock R, Fu S. Targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR therapy for metastatic carcinomas of the cervix: A phase I clinical experience. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11168-79. [PMID: 25426553 PMCID: PMC4294378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway frequently occurs in metastatic or recurrent cervical carcinomas. However, the clinical benefits of matched therapy, a therapeutic approach targeting a specific mutational abnormality, have not yet been established. Methods We analyzed the outcomes of patients with metastatic or recurrent cervical carcinomas who had a test for PIK3CA mutation and/or PTEN loss/mutation, and received ≥1 phase I therapeutic regimen between January 2006 and June 2013. Results Patients with adenocarcinoma had fewer PIK3CA mutations (14%), and survived longer (median, 14.2 months) than those with squamous cell carcinoma (48% and 7.2 months; p = 0.016, and 0.001, respectively). Matched therapy targeting the activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway led to a favorable rate of SD ≥ 6 months/CR/PR (53%) and significantly longer progression-free survival (median, 6.0 months) than non-matched therapy (11% and 1.5 months; p = 0.08 and 0.026; respectively). In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, the presence of PIK3CA mutations was associated with a significantly longer overall survival (median, 9.4 months) than the absence of PIK3CA mutations (median, 4.2 months; p = 0.019). Conclusions Matched therapy targeting the activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway provided meaningful clinical benefits. Thus, further evaluation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeted therapy is warranted, especially in metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Mo Hou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Apostolia Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph Zinner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Zhu J, Wang M, Yu Y, Qi H, Han K, Tang J, Zhang Z, Zeng Y, Cao B, Qiao C, Zhang H, Hou T, Mao X. A novel PI3K inhibitor PIK-C98 displays potent preclinical activity against multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:185-95. [PMID: 25474140 PMCID: PMC4381587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated targeting PI3K pathway is a promising strategy for the treatment of blood cancers. To identify novel PI3K inhibitors, we performed a high throughput virtual screen and identified several novel small molecule compounds, including PIK-C98 (C98). The cell-free enzymatic studies showed that C98 inhibited all class I PI3Ks at nano- or low micromolar concentrations but had no effects on AKT or mTOR activity. Molecular docking analysis revealed that C98 interfered with the ATP-binding pockets of PI3Ks by forming H-bonds and arene-H interactions with specific amino acid residues. The cellular assays demonstrated that C98 specifically inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but had no effects on other kinases and proteins including IGF-1R, ERK, p38, c-Src, PTEN, and STAT3. Inhibition of PI3K by C98 led to myeloma cell apoptosis. Furthermore, oral administration of C98 delayed tumor growth in two independent human myeloma xenograft models in nude mice but did not show overt toxicity. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that C98 was well penetrated into myeloma tumors. Therefore, through a high throughput virtual screen we identified a novel PI3K inhibitor that is orally active against multiple myeloma with great potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixin Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Drugging PI3K in cancer: refining targets and therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 23:98-107. [PMID: 26117819 PMCID: PMC4728196 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PI3K is an important target for innovative anticancer drug development and precision medicine. Over 30 small molecule PI3K inhibitors are currently in clinical trial testing. These drugs include dual PI3K/mTOR, pan-Class I PI3K and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors. The PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib has received FDA approval for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Drug resistance, patient selection and development of targeted combinations remain challenges.
The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is one of the most frequently activated pathogenic signalling routes in human cancers, making it a rational and important target for innovative anticancer drug development and precision medicine. The three main classes of PI3K inhibitors currently in clinical testing comprise dual pan-Class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-Class I PI3K inhibitors lacking significant mTOR activity and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors. A major step forward in recent years is the progression of over 30 small molecule PI3K inhibitors into clinical trials and the first regulatory approval of the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib for multiple B-cell malignancies. This review article focuses on the progress made in the discovery and development of novel PI3K inhibitors, with an emphasis on antitumour activity and tolerability profiles for agents that have entered clinical trials. We also discuss the key issues of drug resistance, patient selection approaches and rational targeted combinations. Finally, we envision the future development and use of PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of patients with a range of malignancies.
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Leong SR, Liang WC, Wu Y, Crocker L, Cheng E, Sampath D, Ohri R, Raab H, Hass PE, Pham T, Firestein R, Li D, Schutten M, Stagg NJ, Ogasawara A, Koppada N, Roth L, Williams SP, Lee BC, Chalouni C, Peng I, DeVoss J, Tremayne J, Polakis P, Polson AG. An anti-B7-H4 antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1717-29. [PMID: 25853436 DOI: 10.1021/mp5007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B7-H4 has been implicated in cancers of the female reproductive system and investigated for its possible use as a biomarker for cancer, but there are no preclinical studies to demonstrate that B7-H4 is a molecular target for therapeutic intervention of cancer. We provide evidence that the prevalence and expression levels of B7-H4 are high in different subtypes of breast cancer and that only a few normal tissues express B7-H4 on the cell membrane. These profiles of low normal expression and upregulation in cancer provide an opportunity for the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cytotoxic drugs chemically linked to antibodies, for the treatment of B7-H4 positive cancers. We have developed an ADC specific to B7-H4 that uses a linker drug consisting of a potent antimitotic, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), linked to engineered cysteines (THIOMAB) via a protease labile linker. We will refer to ADCs that use the THIOMAB format as TDCs to help distinguish the format from standard MC-vc-MMAE ADCs that are conjugated to the interchain disulfide bonds. Anti-B7-H4 (h1D11)-MC-vc-PAB-MMAE (h1D11 TDC) produced durable tumor regression in cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of triple-negative breast cancer. It also binds rat B7-H4 with similar affinity to human and allowed us to test for target dependent toxicity in rats. We found that our anti-B7-H4 TDC has toxicity findings similar to untargeted TDC. Our results validate B7-H4 as an ADC target for breast cancer and support the possible use of this TDC in the treatment of B7-H4(+) breast cancer.
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