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Chen YF, Wang ZH, Chen YC, Chang CH, Zhuang HZ, Chung FY, Jan JS. Polypeptide Bilayer Assembly-Mediated Gene Delivery Enhances Chemotherapy in Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:680-689. [PMID: 36515396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing gene vectors with high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity to humans is crucial to improve gene therapy outcomes. This study set out to investigate the use of cationic polypeptide bilayer assemblies formed by coil-sheet poly(l-lysine)-block-poly(l-benzyl-cysteine) (PLL-b-PBLC) as gene vectors that present improved transfection efficiency, endosomal escape, and biocompatibility compared to PLL. The formation of the polyplexes was triggered by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic association between the cationic PLL segments and the negatively charged plasmid encoding p53, resulting in self-assembled polypeptide chains. Transfection efficiency of these polyplexes increased with increments of PLL-to-PBLC block ratios, with PLL15-b-PBLC5 bilayers exhibiting the best in vitro transfection efficiency among all, suggesting that PLL-b-PBLC bilayer assemblies are efficient in the protection and stabilization of genes. The polypeptide bilayer gene vector reversed the cisplatin sensitivity of p53-null cancer cells by increasing apoptotic signaling. Consistent with in vitro results, mouse xenograft studies revealed that PLL15-b-PBLC5/plasmid encoding p53 therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and enhanced low-dose cisplatin treatment, while extending survival of tumor-bearing mice and avoiding significant body weight loss. This study presents a feasible gene therapy that, combined with low-dose chemotherapeutic drugs, may treat genetically resistant cancers while reducing side effects in clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fon Chen
- Master Program in Biomedicine, National Taitung University, No. 684, Section 1, Zhonghua Road, Taitung 95092, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, No. 539, Zhongxiao Road, East District, Chiayi 600566, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Zhong Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, East District, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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2
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Shrestha S, Banstola A, Jeong JH, Seo JH, Yook S. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic and diagnostic strategies by the virtue of nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 348:518-536. [PMID: 35709876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of cells present within a tumor with the properties of self-renewing, differentiating, and proliferating. Owing to the presence of ATP-binding cassette drug pumps and increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, the conventional chemotherapeutic agents have failed to eliminate CSCs resulting in relapse and resistance of cancer. Therefore, to obtain long-lasting clinical responses and avoid the recurrence of cancer, it is crucial to develop an efficient strategy targeting CSCs by either employing a differentiation therapy or specifically delivering drugs to CSCs. Several intracellular and extracellular cancer specific biomarkers are overexpressed by CSCs and are utilized as targets for the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of CSCs. Moreover, several nanostructured particles, alone or in combination with current treatment approaches, have been used to improve the detection, imaging, and targeting of CSCs, thus addressing the limitations of cancer therapies. Targeting CSC surface markers, stemness-related signaling pathways, and tumor microenvironmental signals has improved the detection and eradication of CSCs and, therefore, tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes a variety of promising nanoparticles targeting the surface biomarkers of CSCs for the detection and eradication of tumor-initiating stem cells, used in combination with other treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Gürgen D, Conrad T, Becker M, Sebens S, Röcken C, Hoffmann J, Langhammer S. Breaking the crosstalk of the Cellular Tumorigenic Network by low-dose combination therapy in lung cancer patient-derived xenografts. Commun Biol 2022; 5:59. [PMID: 35039644 PMCID: PMC8763947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly diagnosed at advanced stages limiting treatment options. Although, targeted therapy has become integral part of NSCLC treatment therapies often fail to improve patient's prognosis. Based on previously published criteria for selecting drug combinations for overcoming resistances, NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors were treated with a low dose combination of cabozantinib, afatinib, plerixafor and etoricoxib. All PDX tumors treated, including highly therapy-resistant adeno- and squamous cell carcinomas without targetable oncogenic mutations, were completely suppressed by this drug regimen, leading to an ORR of 81% and a CBR of 100%. The application and safety profile of this low dose therapy regimen was well manageable in the pre-clinical settings. Overall, this study provides evidence of a relationship between active paracrine signaling pathways of the Cellular Tumorigenic Network, which can be effectively targeted by a low-dose multimodal therapy to overcome therapy resistance and improve prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gürgen
- EPO Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Becker
- EPO Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Tumorbiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jens Hoffmann
- EPO Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology, Berlin, Germany
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Hall C, von Grabowiecki Y, Pearce SP, Dive C, Bagley S, Muller PAJ. iRFP (near-infrared fluorescent protein) imaging of subcutaneous and deep tissue tumours in mice highlights differences between imaging platforms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 33941186 PMCID: PMC8091726 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo imaging using fluorescence is used in cancer biology for the detection, measurement and monitoring of tumours. This can be achieved with the expression of fluorescent proteins such as iRFP, which emits light at a wavelength less attenuated in biological tissues compared to light emitted by other fluorescent proteins such as GFP or RFP. Imaging platforms capable of detecting fluorescent tumours in small animals have been developed but studies comparing the performance of these platforms are scarce. RESULTS Through access to three platforms from Xenogen, Bruker and Li-Cor, we compared their ability to detect iRFP-expressing subcutaneous tumours as well as tumours localised deeper within the body of female NSG mice. Each platform was paired with proprietary software for image analyse, but the output depends on subjective decisions from the user. To more objectively compare platforms, we developed an 'in house' software-based approach which results in lower measured variability between mice. CONCLUSIONS Our comparisons showed that all three platforms allowed for reliable detection and monitoring of subcutaneous iRFP tumour growth. The biggest differences between platforms became apparent when imaging deeper tumours with the Li-Cor platform detecting most tumours and showing the highest dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hall
- Tumour Suppressors Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Y von Grabowiecki
- Tumour Suppressors Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - S P Pearce
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - C Dive
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - S Bagley
- Visualisation, Irradiation and Analysis, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - P A J Muller
- Tumour Suppressors Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK.
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5
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Shi L, Magee P, Fassan M, Sahoo S, Leong HS, Lee D, Sellers R, Brullé-Soumaré L, Cairo S, Monteverde T, Volinia S, Smith DD, Di Leva G, Galuppini F, Paliouras AR, Zeng K, O'Keefe R, Garofalo M. A KRAS-responsive long non-coding RNA controls microRNA processing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2038. [PMID: 33795683 PMCID: PMC8016872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type KRAS (KRASWT) amplification has been shown to be a secondary means of KRAS activation in cancer and associated with poor survival. Nevertheless, the precise role of KRASWT overexpression in lung cancer progression is largely unexplored. Here, we identify and characterize a KRAS-responsive lncRNA, KIMAT1 (ENSG00000228709) and show that it correlates with KRAS levels both in cell lines and in lung cancer specimens. Mechanistically, KIMAT1 is a MYC target and drives lung tumorigenesis by promoting the processing of oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) through DHX9 and NPM1 stabilization while halting the biogenesis of miRNAs with tumor suppressor function via MYC-dependent silencing of p21, a component of the Microprocessor Complex. KIMAT1 knockdown suppresses not only KRAS expression but also KRAS downstream signaling, thereby arresting lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study uncovers a role for KIMAT1 in maintaining a positive feedback loop that sustains KRAS signaling during lung cancer progression and provides a proof of principle that interfering with KIMAT1 could be a strategy to hamper KRAS-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Magee
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sudhakar Sahoo
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Lee
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Sellers
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Tiziana Monteverde
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gianpiero Di Leva
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stock-on-Trent, UK
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Athanasios R Paliouras
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK
| | - Kang Zeng
- Imaging & Cytometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Raymond O'Keefe
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, at Manchester and University College London, London, UK.
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Fung AS, Kopciuk K, Dean ML, D’Silva A, Otsuka S, Klimowicz A, Hao D, Morris D, Bebb DG. CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241240. [PMID: 33507926 PMCID: PMC7842928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients. METHODS Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM). RESULTS 176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Fung
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle L. Dean
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrijana D’Silva
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon Otsuka
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Desiree Hao
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Don Morris
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Gwyn Bebb
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Is Use of BMP-2 Associated with Tumor Growth and Osteoblastic Differentiation in Murine Models of Osteosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2921-2933. [PMID: 33275394 PMCID: PMC7899403 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The putative benefit of rhBMP-2 is in the setting of limb reconstruction using structural allografts, whether it be allograft-prosthetic composites, osteoarticular allografts, or intercalary segmental grafts. There are also potential advantages in augmenting osseointegration of uncemented endoprosthetics and in reducing infection. Recombinant human BMP-2 might mitigate nonunion in structural allograft augmented osteosarcoma limb salvage surgery; however, its use is limited because of concerns about the prooncogenic effects of the agent. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) To assess if BMP-2 signaling influences osteosarcoma cell line growth. (2) To characterize degree of osteosarcoma cell line osteoblastic differentiation in response to BMP-2. (3) To assess if BMP-2 signaling has a consistent effect on local or systemic tumor burden in various orthotopic murine models of osteosarcoma. METHODS In this study, 143b, SaOS-2 and DLM8-M1 osteosarcoma cell lines were transfected with BMP-2 cDNA controlled by a constitutive promoter (experimental) or an empty vector (control) using a PiggyBac transposon system. Cellular proliferation was assessed using a quantitative MTT colorimetric assay. Osteoblastic differentiation was compared between control and experimental cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the osteoblastic markers connective tissue growth factor, Runx-2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Experimental and control cell lines were injected into the proximal tibia of either NOD-SCID (143b and SaOS-2 xenograft model), or C3H (DLM8-M1 syngeneic model) mice. Local tumor burden was quantitatively assessed using tumor volume caliper measurements and bioluminescence, and qualitatively assessed using post-mortem ex vivo microCT. Lung metastasis was qualitatively assessed by the presence of bioluminescence, and incidence was confirmed using histology. rhBMP-2 soaked absorbable collagen sponges (experimental) and sterile-H2O soaked absorbable collagen sponges (control) were implanted adjacent to 143b proximal tibial cell line injections to compare the effects of exogenous BMP-2 application with endogenous upregulation. RESULTS Constitutive expression of BMP-2 increased the in vitro proliferation of 143b cells (absorbance values 1.2 ± 0.1 versus 0.89 ± 0.1, mean difference 0.36 [95% CI 0.12 to 0.6]; p = 0.01), but had no effect on SaOS-2 and DLM8-M1 cell proliferation. In response to constitutive BMP-2 expression, 143b cells had no differences in osteoblastic differentiation, while DLM8-M1 cells downregulated the early marker connective tissue growth factor (mean ΔCt 0.2 ± 0.1 versus 0.6 ± 0.1; p = 0.002) and upregulated the early-mid range marker Runx-2 (mean ΔCt -0.8 ± 0.1 versus -1.1 ± 0.1; p = 0.002), and SaOS-2 cells upregulated the mid-range marker Osterix (mean ΔCt -2.1 ± 0.6 versus -3.9 ± 0.6; p = 0.002). Constitutive expression of BMP-2 resulted in greater 143b and DLM8-M1 local tumor volume (143b: 307.2 ± 106.8 mm versus 1316 ± 387.4 mm, mean difference 1009 mm [95% CI 674.5 to 1343]; p < 0.001, DLM8-M1 week four: 0 mm versus 326.1 ± 72.8 mm, mean difference 326.1 mm [95% CI 121.2 to 531]; p = 0.009), but modestly reduced local tumor growth in SaOS-2 (9.5 x 10 ± 8.3x10 photons/s versus 9.3 x 10 ± 1.5 x 10 photons/s, mean difference 8.6 x 10 photons/s [95% CI 5.1 x 10 to 1.2 x 10]; p < 0.001). Application of exogenous rhBMP-2 also increased 143b local tumor volume (495 ± 91.9 mm versus 1335 ± 102.7 mm, mean difference 840.3 mm [95% CI 671.7 to 1009]; p < 0.001). Incidence of lung metastases was not different between experimental or control groups for all experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by others, ectopic BMP-2 signaling has unpredictable effects on local tumor proliferation in murine models of osteosarcoma and does not consistently result in osteosarcoma cell line differentiation. Further investigations into other methods of safe bone and soft tissue healing augmentation and the use of differentiation therapies is warranted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate that BMP-2 has the potential to stimulate the growth of osteosarcoma cells that are poorly responsive to BMP-2 mediated osteoblastic differentiation. As this differentiation potential is unpredictable in the clinical setting, BMP-2 may promote the growth of microscopic residual tumor burden after resection. Our study provides further support for the recommendation to avoid the use of BMP-2 after limb-salvage surgery in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Napoli M, Li X, Ackerman HD, Deshpande AA, Barannikov I, Pisegna MA, Bedrosian I, Mitsch J, Quinlan P, Thompson A, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Marchion DC, Magliocco AM, Tsai KY, Flores ER. Pan-cancer analysis reveals TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs that promote cancer progression through AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5156. [PMID: 33056990 PMCID: PMC7561725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic alterations across multiple human cancers are mutations in TP53 and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, two events crucial for cancer progression. Mutations in TP53 lead to the inhibition of the tumour and metastasis suppressor TAp63, a p53 family member. By performing a mouse-human cross species analysis between the TAp63 metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma mouse model and models of human breast cancer progression, we identified two TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs, TROLL-2 and TROLL-3. Further, using a pan-cancer analysis of human cancers and multiple mouse models of tumour progression, we revealed that these two lncRNAs induce the activation of AKT to promote cancer progression by regulating the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of their effector, WDR26, via the shuttling protein NOLC1. Our data provide preclinical rationale for the implementation of these lncRNAs and WDR26 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of human tumours dependent upon mutant TP53 and/or the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Avani A Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ivan Barannikov
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marlese A Pisegna
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jürgen Mitsch
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Tumour Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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9
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Yu X, Zhang Y, Wu B, Kurie JM, Pertsemlidis A. The miR-195 Axis Regulates Chemoresistance through TUBB and Lung Cancer Progression through BIRC5. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:288-298. [PMID: 31508486 PMCID: PMC6727248 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and metastasis are the major reasons for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment failure and patient deaths. We and others have shown that miR-195 regulates the sensitivity of NSCLC to microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) in vitro and in vivo and that miR-195 represses the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. However, the relationship between miR-195 and microtubule structure and function and whether miR-195 represses NSCLC metastasis in vivo remain unknown. We assessed the correlation between tumor levels of TUBB and patient survival, the effect of TUBB on drug response, and the effect of miR-195 on migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-195 directly targets TUBB; knockdown of TUBB sensitizes cells to MTAs, while overexpression confers resistance; high expression of TUBB is correlated with worse survival of lung adenocarcinoma; TUBB is also regulated by CHEK1, which has been shown to regulate chemoresistance; and miR-195 targets BIRC5 to repress migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Our findings highlight the relevance of the miR-195/TUBB axis in regulating the response of NSCLC to MTAs and the importance of the miR-195/BIRC5 axis in regulating NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Binggen Wu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alexander Pertsemlidis
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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10
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Zhou W, Guo S, Liu M, Burow ME, Wang G. Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3026-3041. [PMID: 28875842 PMCID: PMC5949083 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170830111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, are comprised of a family of small cytokines with 8-10 kilodaltons. Chemokines work in immune cells by trafficking and regulating cell proliferation, migration, activation, differentiation, and homing. CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12), which has been found to be expressed in more than 23 different types of cancers. Recently, the SDF-1/CXCR-4 signaling pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for human tumor because of its critical role in tumor initiation and progression by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2, ras, p38 MAPK, PLC/ MAPK, and SAPK/ JNK, as well as regulating cancer stem cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists have been produced, which have shown encouraging results in anti-cancer activity. Here, we provide a brief overview of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a molecular target for cancer treatment. We also review the potential utility of targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in combination of immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy based on up-to-date literature and ongoing research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Guo
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Mingli Liu
- Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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11
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Plou J, Juste-Lanas Y, Olivares V, Del Amo C, Borau C, García-Aznar JM. From individual to collective 3D cancer dissemination: roles of collagen concentration and TGF-β. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12723. [PMID: 30143683 PMCID: PMC6109049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have the ability to migrate from the primary (original) site to other places in the body. The extracellular matrix affects cancer cell migratory capacity and has been correlated with tissue-specific spreading patterns. However, how the matrix orchestrates these behaviors remains unclear. Here, we investigated how both higher collagen concentrations and TGF-β regulate the formation of H1299 cell (a non-small cell lung cancer cell line) spheroids within 3D collagen-based matrices and promote cancer cell invasive capacity. We show that at low collagen concentrations, tumor cells move individually and have moderate invasive capacity, whereas when the collagen concentration is increased, the formation of cell clusters is promoted. In addition, when the concentration of TGF-β in the microenvironment is lower, most of the clusters are aggregates of cancer cells with a spheroid-like morphology and poor migratory capacity. In contrast, higher concentrations of TGF-β induced the formation of clusters with a notably higher invasive capacity, resulting in clear strand-like collective cell migration. Our results show that the concentration of the extracellular matrix is a key regulator of the formation of tumor clusters that affects their development and growth. In addition, chemical factors create a microenvironment that promotes the transformation of idle tumor clusters into very active, invasive tumor structures. These results collectively demonstrate the relevant regulatory role of the mechano-chemical microenvironment in leading the preferential metastasis of tumor cells to specific tissues with high collagen concentrations and TFG-β activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plou
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Y Juste-Lanas
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V Olivares
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Del Amo
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Borau
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Shi H, Bi H, Sun X, Dong H, Jiang Y, Mu H, Li W, Liu G, Gao R, Su J. Tubeimoside-1 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis by promoting miR-126-5p expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3126-3134. [PMID: 30127904 PMCID: PMC6096222 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1) possesses broad anticancer activities, including the cytostatic and anti-angiogenesis effects in lung cancer. However, the effect of TBMS1 on the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and the potential underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, a cell counting kit-8 assay revealed that TBMS1 suppressed the proliferation of NCI-H1299 cells significantly, particularly following 48 h of treatment. Further studies showed that TBMS1 notably enhanced the apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of NCI-H1299 cells upon treatment for 48 h. A total of 14 NSCLC tissues and 14 normal adjacent tissues were collected, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed decreased expression of microRNA (miR)-126-5p in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent NSCLC tissues, which was reversed following TBMS1 administration in NCI-H1299 cells. The overexpression of miR-126-5p induced by TBMS1 was demonstrated to target and downregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. Simultaneously, the expression of VEGF-R2 was reduced notably, along with a significant declined in the phosphorylation levels of dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Overall, the aforementioned results indicated that TBMS1 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis, and promoted the apoptosis of NCI-H1299 cells, which may be mediated by overexpressing miR-126-5p, which inactivates the VEGF-A/VEGFR2/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, TBMS1 may be a promising drug for prevention and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Shi
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Dong
- Laboratory Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Mu
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Respiration II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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13
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Coniglio SJ. Role of Tumor-Derived Chemokines in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:313. [PMID: 29930538 PMCID: PMC5999726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. The bone marrow is a common destination for many malignant cancers, including breast carcinoma (BC), prostate carcinoma, multiple myeloma, lung carcinoma, uterine cancer, thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, and neuroblastoma. The molecular mechanism by which metastatic cancer are able to recognize, infiltrate, and colonize bone are still unclear. Chemokines are small soluble proteins which under normal physiological conditions mediate chemotactic trafficking of leukocytes to specific tissues in the body. In the context of metastasis, the best characterized role for the chemokine system is in the regulation of primary tumor growth, survival, invasion, and homing to specific secondary sites. However, there is ample evidence that metastatic tumors exploit chemokines to modulate the metastatic niche within bone which ultimately results in osteolytic bone disease. In this review, we examine the role of chemokines in metastatic tumor growth within bone. In particular, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, IL-8/CXCL8, and CXCL12 are consistently involved in promoting osteoclastogenesis and tumor growth. We will also evaluate the suitability of chemokines as targets for chemotherapy with the use of neutralizing antibodies and chemokine receptor-specific antagonists.
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14
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CXCR4 blockade with AMD3100 enhances Taxol chemotherapy to limit ovarian cancer cell growth. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:935-942. [PMID: 28817386 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The standard of care for ovarian cancer includes initial treatment with chemotherapy. Despite initial efficacy, over 70% of patients develop recurrence; thus, there is a need to identify novel approaches that can improve therapeutic outcomes. We evaluated AMD3100 (Plerixafor), an FDA-approved CXCR4 inhibitor, as a potential adjunctive therapy for low-dose Taxol (Paclitaxel) by assessing the impact on in-vitro ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Proliferation was a measure for both human TOV-112D and murine ID8 ovarian cancer cells incubated with AMD3100 and Taxol, either individually or in combination. Impact of treatment was first determined for the simultaneous administration of AMD3100 and Taxol. We next assessed a sequential application of AMD3100 pretreatment, followed by AMD3100, Taxol, or a combination to test for sensitization to Taxol. In addition, we measured the impact of AMD3100 and Taxol, individually and in combination, on colony formation, an in-vitro model assay of tumor growth. Expression data, as measured by flow cytometry, show that both ID8 and TOV-112D cells are positive for CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12. Combination treatment with AMD3100 (≤10 μmol/l) sensitized both ID8 and TOV-112D cells to low concentrations of Taxol (≤5 nmol/l), limiting cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Pretreatment with AMD3100 significantly increased the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer to low-dose Taxol or the combination of AMD3100 and Taxol, although this effect was not evident in murine cells. Importantly, for both human and murine cells, incubation with a combination of AMD3100 and Taxol had the largest impact on limiting cell proliferation. AMD3100 in combination with low-dose Taxol offers improved efficacy and the potential of reduced toxicity for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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15
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Dragoj M, Milosevic Z, Bankovic J, Tanic N, Pesic M, Stankovic T. Targeting CXCR4 and FAK reverses doxorubicin resistance and suppresses invasion in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 40:47-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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Taromi S, Kayser G, von Elverfeldt D, Reichardt W, Braun F, Weber WA, Zeiser R, Burger M. An orthotopic mouse model of small cell lung cancer reflects the clinical course in patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:651-60. [PMID: 27380917 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive subtype of lung cancer with very poor prognosis due to early metastatic spread and development of chemoresistance. In the last 30 years the study of SCLC has been constrained by a lack of primary human tumor specimen thus highlighting the need of a suitable mouse model. In this article we present the establishment of an orthotopic xenograft mouse model which accurately reproduced the clinical course of SCLC. Orthotopic implantation enabled engraftment of primary lung tumors in all injected mice. Furthermore, immunodeficiency of mice allowed formation of spontaneous metastases in characteristic organs. Bioluminescence Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron emission tomography were applied to monitor engraftment, metabolism and the exact growth of tumors over time. In order to mimic the extensive disease stage, mice were injected with aggressive human chemoresistant cells leading to development of chemoresistant tumors and early metastatic spread. As a proof of concept treatment of tumor-bearing mice with conventional chemotherapeutics reduced tumor volumes, but a complete regression of tumors was not achieved. By mimicking the extensive disease stage our mouse model can facilitate the study of mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance and metastasis formation, as well as drug screening and evaluation of new treatment strategies for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Taromi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 70106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Reichardt
- Department of Radiology Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Braun
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 70106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 70106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, University Futwangen, Campus Schwenningen, Jakob-Kienzle-Str. 17, 78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
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17
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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18
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Rana S, Elci SG, Mout R, Singla AK, Yazdani M, Bender M, Bajaj A, Saha K, Bunz UHF, Jirik FR, Rotello VM. Ratiometric Array of Conjugated Polymers-Fluorescent Protein Provides a Robust Mammalian Cell Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4522-9. [PMID: 26967961 PMCID: PMC5846335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular complexes of a family of positively charged conjugated polymers (CPs) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) create a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based ratiometric biosensor array. Selective multivalent interactions of the CPs with mammalian cell surfaces caused differential change in FRET signals, providing a fingerprint signature for each cell type. The resulting fluorescence signatures allowed the identification of 16 different cell types and discrimination between healthy, cancerous, and metastatic cells, with the same genetic background. While the CP-GFP sensor array completely differentiated between the cell types, only partial classification was achieved for the CPs alone, validating the effectiveness of the ratiometric sensor. The utility of the biosensor was further demonstrated in the detection of blinded unknown samples, where 121 of 128 samples were correctly identified. Notably, this selectivity-based sensor stratified diverse cell types in minutes, using only 2000 cells, without requiring specific biomarkers or cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subinoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Gokhan Elci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rubul Mout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Arvind K. Singla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 180 Udyog Vihar, Phase I, Gurgaon-122016, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, FRG
| | - Frank R. Jirik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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19
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Lu Y, Guan GF, Chen J, Hu B, Sun C, Ma Q, Wen YH, Qiu XC, Zhou Y. Aberrant CXCR4 and β-catenin expression in osteosarcoma correlates with patient survival. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2123-2129. [PMID: 26622806 PMCID: PMC4579913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the clinical significance of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and β-catenin in osteosarcoma, their protein expression levels were assessed in 96 osteosarcoma and 20 osteochondroma cases using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, CXCR4 and β-catenin mRNA expression levels were measured in 16 fresh osteosarcoma and 16 adjacent healthy tissue samples using fluorescent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the osteosarcoma samples, the positive CXCR4 protein expression rate was significantly higher than the rate in the osteochondroma samples (68.75 vs. 20.00%; P<0.01). Furthermore, β-catenin protein expression was detected in 61.46% of osteosarcoma cases and 25.00% of osteochondroma cases. Similarly, the RT-qPCR data identified increased CXCR4 and β-catenin mRNA expression levels in the osteosarcoma compared with adjacent control tissues. It was determined that CXCR4 (P<0.01) and β-catenin (P<0.05) expression were significantly associated with the clinical Enneking stage, metastasis and survival of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified CXCR4 and β-catenin protein expression levels, as well as clinical stage and metastasis, as significant risk factors for survival in patients with osteosarcoma (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study determined that CXCR4 and β-catenin are abnormally expressed in osteosarcoma tissues, and, therefore, may be important during osteosarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Feng Guan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Haematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 537 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Baoji, Shaanxi 721006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Wen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Chun Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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