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Rex DAB, Suchitha GP, Palollathil A, Kanichery A, Prasad TSK, Dagamajalu S. The network map of urotensin-II mediated signaling pathway in physiological and pathological conditions. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:601-608. [PMID: 35174439 PMCID: PMC9733756 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin-II is a polypeptide ligand with neurohormone-like activity. It mediates downstream signaling pathways through G-protein-coupled receptor 14 (GPR14) also known as urotensin receptor (UTR). Urotensin-II is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor in mammals, promoting cardiovascular remodelling, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. It is also involved in other physiological and pathological activities, including neurosecretory effects, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and carcinogenic effects. Moreover, it is a notable player in the process of inflammatory injury, which leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Urotensin-II/UTR expression stimulates the accumulation of monocytes and macrophages, which promote the adhesion molecules expression, chemokines activation and release of inflammatory cytokines at inflammatory injury sites. Therefore, urotensin-II turns out to be an important therapeutic target for the treatment options and management of associated diseases. The main downstream signaling pathways mediated through this urotensin-II /UTR system are RhoA/ROCK, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Due to the importance of urotensin-II systems in biomedicine, we consolidated a network map of urotensin-II /UTR signaling. The described signaling map comprises 33 activation/inhibition events, 31 catalysis events, 15 molecular associations, 40 gene regulation events, 60 types of protein expression, and 11 protein translocation events. The urotensin-II signaling pathway map is made freely accessible through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5158 ). The availability of comprehensive urotensin-II signaling in the public resource will help understand the regulation and function of this pathway in normal and pathological conditions. We believe this resource will provide a platform to the scientific community in facilitating the identification of novel therapeutic drug targets for diseases associated with urotensin-II signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. B. Rex
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - G. P. Suchitha
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Akhina Palollathil
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Anagha Kanichery
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- grid.413027.30000 0004 1767 7704Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
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Malik M, Britten J, Catherino WH. Development and Validation of Hormonal Impact of a Mouse Xenograft Model for Human Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1304-1317. [PMID: 32016804 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple in vivo animal models for uterine leiomyoma do not adequately represent human disease based on etiology, molecular phenotype, or limited fixed life span. Our objective was to develop a xenograft model with sustained growth, by transplanting a well-established actively growing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture of human leiomyoma and myometrium in NOD/SCID ovariectomized female mice. We demonstrated continued growth to at least 12 weeks and the overexpression of extracellular matrix (ECM). Further, we confirmed maintenance of hormonal response that is comparable to human disease in situ. Leiomyoma xenografts under hormonal treatment demonstrated 8 to12-fold increase of volume over the xenografts not treated with hormones. Estradiol-treated xenografts were more cellular as compared to progesterone or combination milieu, at the end of 8-week time frame. There was also a non-statistically significant 2-4 mm3 increase in volume between 8-week and 12-week xenografts with higher matrix to cell ratio in 12-week xenografts compared to the 8-week and placebo xenografts. Increased expression of ECM proteins, fibronectin, versican, and collagens, indicated an actively growing cell matrix formation in the xenografts. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a xenograft in vivo model for uterine leiomyoma that shares the genomic and proteomic characteristics with the human surgical specimens of origin and recapitulates the most important features of the human tumors, the aberrant ECM expression that defines the leiomyoma phenotype and gonadal hormone regulation. Using this model, we demonstrated that combination of estradiol and progesterone resulted in increased cellularity and ECM production leading to growth of the xenograft tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Joy Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Sun SL, Liu LM. Urotensin II: an inflammatory cytokine. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0505.R2. [PMID: 30601760 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a polypeptide molecule with neurohormone-like activity. It has been confirmed that UII is widely distributed in numerous organs of different animal species from fish to mammals, including humans. The UII receptor is orphan G-protein coupled receptor 14, also known as UT. The tissue distribution of UII and UT is highly consistent, and their expression may be regulated by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the body, UII has many physiological and pathophysiological activities, such as vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory actions, cell proliferation, pro-fibrosis, neuroendocrine activity, insulin resistance, and carcinogenic and inflammatory effects, which have been recognized only in recent years. In fact, UII is involved in the process of inflammatory injury and plays a key role in the onset and development of inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we will review the roles UII plays in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Lin Sun
- S Sun, Department of Infection, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- L Liu, Department of Infection, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201600, China
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Li C, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang E, Medepalli K, Masuda K, Li N, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Osterburg A, Borchers MT, Kopras EJ, Plas DR, Sun J, Franz DN, Capal JK, Mays M, Sun Y, Kwiatkowski DJ, Alayev A, Holz MK, Krueger DA, Siroky BJ, Yu JJ. Tuberin Regulates Prostaglandin Receptor-Mediated Viability, via Rheb, in mTORC1-Hyperactive Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1318-1330. [PMID: 28710231 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a tumor-suppressor syndrome affecting multiple organs, including the brain, skin, kidneys, heart, and lungs. TSC is associated with mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, resulting in hyperactivation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Clinical trials demonstrate that mTORC1 inhibitors decrease tumor volume and stabilize lung function in TSC patients; however, mTOR inhibitors are cytostatic not cytocidal, and long-term benefits and toxicities are uncertain. Previously, we identified rapamycin-insensitive upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in TSC2-deficient cells and postulated that the action of excess PGE2 and its cognate receptors (EP) contributes to cell survival. In this study, we identify upregulation of EP3 (PTGER3) expression in TSC2-deficient cells, TSC renal angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis lung nodules, and epileptic brain tubers. TSC2 negatively regulated EP3 expression via Rheb in a rapamycin-insensitive manner. The EP3 antagonist, L-798106, selectively suppressed the viability of TSC2-deficient cells in vitro and decreased the lung colonization of TSC2-deficient cells. Collectively, these data reveal a novel function of TSC2 and Rheb in the regulation of EP3 expression and cell viability.Implications: Therapeutic targeting of an aberrant PGE2-EP3 signaling axis may have therapeutic benefit for TSC patients and for other mTOR-hyperactive neoplasms. Mol Cancer Res; 15(10); 1318-30. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yang Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Erik Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kantha Medepalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kouhei Masuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Na Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Osterburg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael T Borchers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth J Kopras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David R Plas
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julia Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David N Franz
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jamie K Capal
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maxwell Mays
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yang Sun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Darcy A Krueger
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brian J Siroky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jane J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang L, Ni Z, Liu Y, Ji S, Jin F, Jiang K, Ma J, Ren C, Zhang H, Hu Z, Zha X. Hyperactivated mTORC1 downregulation of FOXO3a/PDGFRα/AKT cascade restrains tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumor development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54858-54872. [PMID: 28903387 PMCID: PMC5589626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, leads to the development of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a benign tumor syndrome with multiple affected organs. mTORC1-mediated inhibition of AKT constrains the tumor progression of TSC, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we showed that loss of TSC1 or TSC2 downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) expression was mediated by mTORC1. Moreover, mTORC1 inhibited PDGFRα expression via suppression of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)-mediated PDGFRα gene transcription. In addition, ectopic expression of PDGFRα promoted AKT activation and enhanced proliferation and tumorigenic capacity of Tsc1- or Tsc2-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and vice versa. Most importantly, rapamycin in combination with AG1295, a PDGFR inhibitor, significantly inhibited growth of TSC1/TSC2 complex-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, downregulated FOXO3a/PDGFRα/AKT pathway exerts a protective effect against hyperactivated mTORC1-induced tumorigenesis caused by loss of TSC1/TSC2 complex, and the combination of rapamycin and AG1295 may be a new effective strategy for TSC-associated tumors treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofei Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuquan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Keguo Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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