1
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Xiao H, Jiang N, Zhang H, Wang S, Pi Q, Chen H, He X, Luo W, Lu Y, Deng Y, Zhong Z. Inhibitors of APE1 redox and ATM synergistically sensitize osteosarcoma cells to ionizing radiation by inducing ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112672. [PMID: 39032469 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The resistance of osteosarcoma (OS) to ionizing radiation (IR) is an obstacle for effective patient treatment. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-reduction/oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein with DNA repair and reduction/oxidation (redox) activities. We previously revealed the role of APE1 in OS radioresistance; however, whether the redox activity of APE1 is involved in OS radioresistance is unclear. APE1 regulates the activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an initiator of DNA damage response that mediates radioresistance in other cancers. The role of APE1 redox activity and ATM activation in OS radioresistance is unknown. Our study revealed that IR increased APE1 expression and ATM activation in OS cells, and APE1 directly regulated ATM activation by its redox activity. The combined use of an APE1 redox inhibitor and ATM inhibitor effectively sensitized OS cells to IR in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the increased radiosensitization of OS cells by the combined use of the two inhibitors was mediated by increased ferroptosis. Co-treatment with the two inhibitors significantly decreased expression of the common targeted transcription factor P53 compared with single inhibitor treatment. Collectively, APE1 redox activity, ATM activation and their crosstalk play important roles in the resistance of OS to irradiation. Synergetic inhibition of APE1 redox activity and ATM activation sensitized OS cells to IR by inducing ferroptosis, which provides a promising strategy for OS radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Pi
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xuan He
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Youcai Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Clinical Hematology, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zhong
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China.
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2
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Locquet MA, Brahmi M, Blay JY, Dutour A. Radiotherapy in bone sarcoma: the quest for better treatment option. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:742. [PMID: 37563551 PMCID: PMC10416357 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are rare tumors representing 0.2% of all cancers. While osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma mainly affect children and young adults, chondrosarcoma and chordoma have a preferential incidence in people over the age of 40. Despite this range in populations affected, all bone sarcoma patients require complex transdisciplinary management and share some similarities. The cornerstone of all bone sarcoma treatment is monobloc resection of the tumor with adequate margins in healthy surrounding tissues. Adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy are often included depending on the location of the tumor, quality of resection or presence of metastases. High dose radiotherapy is largely applied to allow better local control in case of incomplete primary tumor resection or for unresectable tumors. With the development of advanced techniques such as proton, carbon ion therapy, radiotherapy is gaining popularity for the treatment of bone sarcomas, enabling the delivery of higher doses of radiation, while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Nevertheless, bone sarcomas are radioresistant tumors, and some mechanisms involved in this radioresistance have been reported. Hypoxia for instance, can potentially be targeted to improve tumor response to radiotherapy and decrease radiation-induced cellular toxicity. In this review, the benefits and drawbacks of radiotherapy in bone sarcoma will be addressed. Finally, new strategies combining a radiosensitizing agent and radiotherapy and their applicability in bone sarcoma will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anaïs Locquet
- Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer Team, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | - Mehdi Brahmi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Unicancer Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer Team, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Unicancer Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Dutour
- Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer Team, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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3
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Malfatti MC, Bellina A, Antoniali G, Tell G. Revisiting Two Decades of Research Focused on Targeting APE1 for Cancer Therapy: The Pros and Cons. Cells 2023; 12:1895. [PMID: 37508559 PMCID: PMC10378182 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
APE1 is an essential endodeoxyribonuclease of the base excision repair pathway that maintains genome stability. It was identified as a pivotal factor favoring tumor progression and chemoresistance through the control of gene expression by a redox-based mechanism. APE1 is overexpressed and serum-secreted in different cancers, representing a prognostic and predictive factor and a promising non-invasive biomarker. Strategies directly targeting APE1 functions led to the identification of inhibitors showing potential therapeutic value, some of which are currently in clinical trials. Interestingly, evidence indicates novel roles of APE1 in RNA metabolism that are still not fully understood, including its activity in processing damaged RNA in chemoresistant phenotypes, regulating onco-miRNA maturation, and oxidized RNA decay. Recent data point out a control role for APE1 in the expression and sorting of onco-miRNAs within secreted extracellular vesicles. This review is focused on giving a portrait of the pros and cons of the last two decades of research aiming at the identification of inhibitors of the redox or DNA-repair functions of APE1 for the definition of novel targeted therapies for cancer. We will discuss the new perspectives in cancer therapy emerging from the unexpected finding of the APE1 role in miRNA processing for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessia Bellina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA Repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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4
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Doghish AS, Hegazy M, Ismail A, El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, Elkhawaga SY, Elkady MA, Yehia AM, Abdelmaksoud NM, Mokhtar MM. A spotlight on the interplay of signaling pathways and the role of miRNAs in osteosarcoma pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154442. [PMID: 37031532 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone cancers that constantly affects children, teenagers, and young adults. Numerous epigenetic elements, such as miRNAs, have been shown to influence OS features like progression, initiation, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. The expression of numerous genes implicated in OS pathogenesis might be regulated by miRNAs. This effect is ascribed to miRNAs' roles in the invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Important OS-related mechanistic networks like the WNT/b-catenin signaling, PTEN/AKT/mTOR axis, and KRAS mutations are also affected by miRNAs. In addition to pathophysiology, miRNAs may influence how the OS reacts to therapies like radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With a focus on how miRNAs affect OS signaling pathways, this review seeks to show how miRNAs and OS are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Chen HH, Hao PH, Zhang FY, Zhang TN. Non-coding RNAs in metabolic reprogramming of bone and soft tissue sarcoma: Fundamental mechanism and clinical implication. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114346. [PMID: 36738505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas, comprising approximately 1% of human malignancies, show a poor response to treatment and easy recurrence. Metabolic reprogramming play an important role in tumor development in sarcomas. Accumulating evidence shows that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in regulating the cellular metabolism of sarcomas, which improves the understanding of the development of therapy-resistant tumors. This review addresses the regulatory roles of metabolism-related ncRNAs and their implications for sarcoma initiation and progression. Dysregulation of metabolism-related ncRNAs is common in sarcomas and is associated with poor survival. Emerging studies show that abnormal expression of metabolism-related ncRNAs affects cellular metabolism, including glucose, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism, and leads to the development of aggressive sarcomas. This review summarizes recent advances in the roles of dysregulated metabolism-related ncRNAs in sarcoma development and stemness and describes their potential to serve as biological biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction, as well as therapeutic targets for treating refractory sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Peng-Hui Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Fang-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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6
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Duan ZP, Yu XJ, Wei HL. Circular RNA Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1 by competitive absorption of microRNA-513a-5p mediates peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 expression and promotes the malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 39:326-336. [PMID: 36567627 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional RNAs in the development and metabolism of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therein, this paper particularly elucidated the circRNA SEC61 subunit alpha isoform 1 (circSEC61A1) in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. Clinical analysis of circSEC61A1 expression was performed on specimens collected from 51 patients with primary NSCLC, together with patients' survival. Cell experiments were performed after interfering with circSEC61A1, microRNA (miR)-513a-5p, and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) expression, respectively, and cell malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis were evaluated, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Xenografts experiments studied the performance of circSEC61A1 in vivo. The downstream molecules of circSEC61A1 were searched. Our data demonstrated that circSEC61A1 was upregulated in NSCLC patients, showing an association with poorer survival outcomes. In cell experiments, circSEC61A1 overexpression promoted NSCLC malignant phenotypes, glycolysis, EMT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, whereas circSEC61A1 underexpression did the opposite. Knockdown of circSEC61A1 limited tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, circSEC61A1 could regulate PEX5 expression through competitive absorption of miR-513a-5p. Generally, circSEC61A1 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC, and circSEC61A1 serves tumor-promoting action in the progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ping Duan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Lin Wei
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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7
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Li Y, Ma H. circRNA PLOD2 promotes tumorigenesis and Warburg effect in colon cancer by the miR-513a-5p/SIX1/LDHA axis. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2484-2498. [PMID: 36071678 PMCID: PMC9677972 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has proved that circRNAs might act as potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, the functions and mechanisms of multiple circRNAs in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we found circPLOD2 was dramatically upregulated in colon cancer tissue and cell lines. In vitro CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays, and in vivo tumor transplantation assay were performed and explored that circPLOD2 might promote tumor proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, based on the analysis of RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase and rescued assays, we confirmed that the interactions between circPLOD2, miR-513a-5p and SIX1. It suggested that circPLOD2 acted as a sponge of miR-513a-5p to regulate the activation of the target gene SIX1. In addition, as a key transcription factor of Warburg effect related genes, SIX1 was proved to enhance the transcriptional expression of LDHA by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, thereby regulating glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Therefore, we identified that circPLOD2 promoted colon cancer progression through miR-513a-5p/SIX1/LDHA axis, and acted as a new biomarker for colon cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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8
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Rajput R, Periwal N, Mukherjee C, Verma P, Sharma J, Arora P, Kaur B, Sood V. Novel insights into host responses to Japanese Encephalitis Virus infection: Reanalysis of public transcriptome and microRNAome datasets. Virus Res 2022; 320:198887. [PMID: 35953004 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is the principal cause of viral encephalitis in South-East Asian and Western Pacific countries; accounting for 68,000 cases, and up to 20,400 fatalities, annually across the world. Despite being a high-risk condition, there is no specific treatment for JE. Given rapid additions in genomics databases and the power of data reanalysis in addressing critical medical questions, the present study was designed to identify novel host factors that might have potential roles in JEV infection. METHODS We extracted microarray and RNA-Seq data sets from NCBI-GEO and compared mock and JEV-infected samples. Raw data from all the studies were re-analyzed to identify host factors associated with JEV replication. RESULTS We identified several coding and non-coding host factors that had no prior known role in viral infections. Of these, the coding transcripts: Myosin Heavy Chain 10 (MYH10), Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor Family Member 8 (PAQR8), and the microRNAs: hsa-miR-193b-5p, hsa-miR-3714 and hsa-miR-513a-5p were found to be novel host factors deregulated during JEV infection. MYH10 encodes a conventional non-muscle myosin, and mutations in MYH10 have been shown to cause neurological defects. PAQR8 has been associated with epilepsy, which exhibits symptoms similar to JEV infection. JE is a neuro-degenerative disease, and the known involvement of MYH10 and PAQR8 in neurological disorders strongly indicates potential roles of these host factors in JEV infection. Additionally, we observed that MYH10 and PAQR8 had a significant negative correlation with Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which is a previously validated modulator of JEV infection. ATF3 is a transcription factor that binds to the promotors of genes encoding other transcription factors or interferon-stimulated genes and negatively regulates host antiviral responses during JE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the significance of data reanalysis in the identification of novel host factors that may become targets for diagnosis/ therapy against viral diseases of major concern, such as, JE. The deregulated coding and non-coding transcripts identified in this study need further experimental analysis for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Rajput
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neha Periwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Priyanshu Verma
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jitender Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Pooja Arora
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- Department of Computer Sciences, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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9
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Li X, Zhang Y, Wang N, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen Q, Deng H, Tong X, Chen H, Duan Y, Wei Y. CircRNA.0007127 triggers apoptosis through the miR-513a-5p/CASP8 axis in K-562 cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:732-746. [PMID: 36111570 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNAs with multiple biological functions. CircRNA.0007127 is derived from the carbon catabolite repression 4-negative on TATA-less (CCR4-NOT) complex subunit 2 (CNOT2), which was found to regulate tumor cell apoptosis through caspase pathway. METHODS: Potential circRNA.0007127 target microRNAs (miRNAs) were analyzed by miRanda, TargetScan, and RNAhybrid software, and the miRNAs with binding sites for apoptosis-related genes were screened. The roles of circRNA.0007127 and its downstream target, microRNA (miR)-513a-5p, were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential, immunofluorescence, western blot, and caspase-8 (CASP8) protein activity in vitro in H2O2-induced K-562 cells. The circRNA.0007127‒miR-513a-5p and CASP8‒miR-513a-5p interactions were verified by luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS: Silencing circRNA.0007127 decreased cell apoptosis by inhibiting CASP8 pathway activation in K-562 cells. Compared with the control group, the expression of CASP8 was reduced by 50% and the 43-kD fragment of CASP8 protein was significantly reduced (P≤0.05). The luciferase reporting assay showed that circRNA.0007127 combined with miR-513a-5p or CASP8, with extremely significant differences (P≤0.001). The overexpression of miR-513a-5p inhibited the gene expression level of CASP8 in a human myeloid leukemia cell model (75% change) and the level of a 43-kD fragment of CASP8 protein (P≤0.01). The rescue experiment showed that cotransfection with circRNA.0007127 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and the miR-513a-5p inhibitor increased CASP8 gene expression and the apoptosis rate, suggesting that the miR-513a-5p inhibitor is a circRNA.0007127 siRNA antagonist. CONCLUSIONS: CircRNA.0007127 regulates K-562 cell apoptosis through the miR-513a-5p/CASP8 axis, which can serve as a novel powerful molecular target for K-562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shenzhen Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhaohu Yuan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliation Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Precise Transfusion, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliation Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Precise Transfusion, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliation Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Precise Transfusion, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xinxin Tong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliation Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Precise Transfusion, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China. ,
| | - Yaming Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliation Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Precise Transfusion, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Abstract
To uncover the role of microRNAs in the occurrence and development of uveal melanoma (UM), we used R language packages in this study to analyze the correlations between the expression of microRNA isoforms, their target genes, and the clinical data for UM patients retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We used Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) to divide the expression profiles of different microRNAs into 10 modules, among which blue and yellow modules were associated with UM survival. Hsa-miR-513a-5p, miR-506-3p, miR-508-3p, miR-140-3p, and miR-103a-2-5p were further identified as the top 5 node microRNAs based on the risk scores in both modules using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. After combining these 5 microRNAs into an integrated risk signature, the prognostic performance of the risk signature was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, and their association with UM clinical characteristics was further analyzed using multiple Cox regression. Our results showed that this risk signature was sensitivity and specificity, and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed that expression of almost all target mRNAs were significantly positively or negatively correlated with the associated microRNAs. The gene ontology (GO), pathways, and disease enrichment analyses also showed that these 5 microRNAs were closely related to the incidence and progression of tumor, indicating their potential for predicting the outcome of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongyi Cong
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siying Teng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Siying Teng, Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China (e-mail: )
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11
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High dose androgen suppresses natural killer cytotoxicity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via altering AR/circFKBP5/miRNA-513a-5p/PD-L1 signals. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:746. [PMID: 36038573 PMCID: PMC9424293 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially respond well to androgen deprivation therapy, but almost all eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Early studies indicated the bipolar androgen therapy via a cycling of high dose and low dose of androgen to suppress PCa growth might be effective in a select patient population. The detailed mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here we found the capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to suppress the CRPC cells could be suppressed by a high dose of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Mechanism dissection indicates that transactivated AR can increase circularRNA-FKBP5 (circFKBP5) expression, which could sponge/inhibit miR-513a-5p that suppresses the PD-L1 expression via direct binding to its 3'UTR to negatively impact immune surveillance from NK cells. Preclinical data from in vitro cell lines and an in vivo mouse model indicate that targeting PD-L1 with sh-RNA or anti-PD-L1 antibody can enhance the high dose DHT effect to better suppress CRPC cell growth. These findings may help us to develop novel therapies via combination of high dose androgen with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors to better suppress CRPC progression.
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Qiao Z, Li J, Kou H, Chen X, Bao D, Shang G, Chen S, Ji Y, Cheng T, Wang Y, Liu H. Hsa-miR-557 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth Through Targeting KRAS. Front Genet 2022; 12:789823. [PMID: 35087570 PMCID: PMC8787190 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.789823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy in the skeletal system; studies showed an important role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis, indicating miRNAs as possible therapeutic molecules. This study found abnormal hsa-miR-557 expression levels in osteosarcoma and tried to explore the potential function and the mechanism. Methods: Differential expression genes of osteosarcoma were analyzed using GSE28423 from the GEO database. Survival analysis of miRNAs was conducted with data obtained from the TARGET-OS database. STRING and miRDIP were used to predict target genes of hsa-miR-557; KRAS was then verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expression of genes was detected by qPCR, and levels of proteins were detected by Western blot. The proliferation ability of cells was detected by CCK-8 and cell cycle analysis. Tumor formation assay in nude mice was used to detect the influence of osteosarcoma by hsa-miR-557 in vivo. Results: Analysis from the GEO and TARGET databases found 12 miRNAs that are significantly related to the osteosarcoma prognosis, 7 downregulated (hsa-miR-140-3p, hsa-miR-564, hsa-miR-765, hsa-miR-1224-5p, hsa-miR-95, hsa-miR-940, and hsa-miR-557) and 5 upregulated (hsa-miR-362-3p, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-96, hsa-miR-744, and hsa-miR-769-5p). CCK-8 analysis and cell cycle analysis found that hsa-miR-557 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. The tumor formation assay in nude mice showed that tumor sizes and weights were inhibited by hsa-miR-557 transfection. Further studies also proved that hsa-miR-557 could target the 3′UTR of KRAS and modulate phosphorylation of downstream proteins. Conclusion: This study showed that hsa-miR-557 could inhibit osteosarcoma growth both in vivo and in vitro, by modulating KRAS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Kou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deming Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu Y, Sun J, Qi P, Liu Y. Long non-coding RNA titin-antisense RNA1 contributes to growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma by suppressing microRNA-513a-5p to upregulate stratifin. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12611-12624. [PMID: 34903127 PMCID: PMC8810091 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most common histological types of primary hepatic malignancy and is associated with poor overall prognosis, causing a ponderous burden on human life. Hence, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of CCA. The objective of our research was to shed light on the mechanism through which long non-coding RNA titin-antisense RNA1 (lncRNA TTN-AS1) is involved in the development of CCA. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect TTN-AS1 expression in CCA samples and cells. Functional experiments were performed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, transwell, and in vivo tumor growth assays. The relationship between TTN-AS1, miR-513a-5p, and stratifin (SFN) was explored using a dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment, and Pearson correlation analysis. The result showed that TTN-AS1 and SFN are highly expressed in CCA tissues. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter and RIP experiments revealed the correlation between TTN-AS1, miR-513a-5p, and SFN. In addition, silencing TTN-AS1 mitigated CCA cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, miR-513a-5p is sponged by TTN-AS1. The miR-513a-5p inhibitor abolished the effect of TTN-AS1 silencing on the aggressive behaviors of CCA cells. Furthermore, we showed that miR-513a-5p is a regulator of CCA by targeting SFN. TTN-AS1 induced CCA cell growth and metastasis via the miR-513a-5p/SFN pathway, which offers a new strategy for therapeutic interventions for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huanggang Center Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangyang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Tao X, Cheng J, Wang X. Effect of miRNA-200a on radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells by targeting Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12625-12635. [PMID: 34903128 PMCID: PMC8810064 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of miR-200a on radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism. NC (normal cell) group, mimic-NC group, mimic-miR-200a group, inhibitor-NC group, inhibitor-miR-200a group, si-NC group, si-BMPR2 (Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) group, mimic-miR-200a+vector-NC group, and mimic-miR-200a+vector-BMPR2 group were set; the cells of the above groups were irradiated with different radiation intensities (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy). The expression of miR-200a and BMPR2 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR; the expression of BMPR2 protein was detected by Western blot; cell viability was detected by MMT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide); apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Cell clone formation experiment was used to detect cell radiosensitivity. Dual-luciferase reporter gene test was used to detect cell fluorescence activity. The expression of BMPR2 was high and the expression of miR-200a was low in osteosarcoma tissues after radiotherapy and in osteosarcoma cells after irradiation. Overexpression of miR-200a and interference with BMPR2 expression inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and increases cellular radiosensitivity, miR-200a targets expression of BMPR2, and overexpression of BMPR2 reverses the radiosensitizing and apoptotic effects of miR-200a expression on osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of miR-200a inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and increases cellular radiosensitivity. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of BMPR2, which may provide new targets and new ideas for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Sadoughi F, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in osteosarcoma: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103105. [PMID: 33836418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents which has the survival rate of 20% in its advanced stages. Osteosarcomas are mostly resistance to our common treatments. DNA damage response (DDR) is a specialized multistep process containing abundant proteins which are necessary for the survival of any cell and organism. DDR machinery detects a diversity of DNA lesions and inhibits the cell cycle progression if these lesions are not repairable. DDR is involved in aging, age-related diseases, and cancer. In recent years, DDR inhibitors have gained the attention of researches due to their potentials in offering novel therapeutic targets and improving the response of many cancers to either chemo- or radio-therapy. In this regard, we tried to gather a great body of evidence about the role of DDR ingredients in osteosarcoma's initiation/progression, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fan K, Ruan X, Wang L, Lu W, Shi Q, Xu Y. Circ_0004872 promotes platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation in HA-VSMCs via miR-513a-5p/TXNIP axis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106842. [PMID: 33592319 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exert crucial roles in atherosclerosis (AS) progression. The aim of our study was to explore the influences of circular RNA 0004872 (circ_0004872) in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced AS cell model and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was implemented for the expression detection of circ_0004872, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA-513a-5p (miR-513a-5p) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). Cell proliferation was analyzed via Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Cell migration was assessed via wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. Western blot assay was used to measure the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), osteopontin (OPN), calponin and TXNIP. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-pull down assay were used for confirmation of interaction between miR-513a-5p and circ_0004872 or TXNIP. Circ_0004872 expression was elevated in PDGF-BB-induced human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA-VSMCs) and carotid plaque tissues. Circ_0004872 silencing alleviated PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation in HA-VSMCs. MiR-513a-5p bound to circ_0004872, and circ_0004872 knockdown-induced effects in PDGF-BB-treated HA-VSMCs were largely attenuated by the silencing of miR-513a-5p. MiR-513a-5p bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TXNIP, and miR-513a-5p overexpression-mediated effects were counteracted by the transfection of pcDNA-TXNIP in PDGF-BB-induced HA-VSMCs. TXNIP was modulated by circ_0004872/miR-513a-5p signaling cascade in HA-VSMCs. Circ_0004872 accelerated PDGF-BB-induced proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation in HA-VSMCs through enhancing TXNIP level via sponging miR-513a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xinhua Ruan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wanli Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospitale, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangwei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Mechanisms of Resistance to Conventional Therapies for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040683. [PMID: 33567616 PMCID: PMC7915189 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor, mainly occurring in children and adolescents. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection associated with multidrug chemotherapy. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decades. Since the 1970s, the 5-year survival rate is around 75% for patients with localized OS but dramatically drops to 20% for bad responders to chemotherapy or patients with metastases. Resistance is one of the biological processes at the origin of therapeutic failure. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and decipher molecular mechanisms of resistance to conventional chemotherapy in order to develop new strategies and to adapt treatments for patients, thus improving the survival rate. This review will describe most of the molecular mechanisms involved in OS chemoresistance, such as a decrease in intracellular accumulation of drugs, inactivation of drugs, improved DNA repair, modulations of signaling pathways, resistance linked to autophagy, disruption in genes expression linked to the cell cycle, or even implication of the micro-environment. We will also give an overview of potential therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance development.
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18
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Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Codrich M, Burra S, Mangiapane G, Dalla E, Tell G. New perspectives in cancer biology from a study of canonical and non-canonical functions of base excision repair proteins with a focus on early steps. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:129-149. [PMID: 31858150 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of DNA repair enzymes and consequential triggering of aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are thought to play a pivotal role in genomic instabilities associated with cancer development, and are further thought to be important predictive biomarkers for therapy using the synthetic lethality paradigm. However, novel unpredicted perspectives are emerging from the identification of several non-canonical roles of DNA repair enzymes, particularly in gene expression regulation, by different molecular mechanisms, such as (i) non-coding RNA regulation of tumour suppressors, (ii) epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in genotoxic responses and (iii) paracrine effects of secreted DNA repair enzymes triggering the cell senescence phenotype. The base excision repair (BER) pathway, canonically involved in the repair of non-distorting DNA lesions generated by oxidative stress, ionising radiation, alkylation damage and spontaneous or enzymatic deamination of nucleotide bases, represents a paradigm for the multifaceted roles of complex DDR in human cells. This review will focus on what is known about the canonical and non-canonical functions of BER enzymes related to cancer development, highlighting novel opportunities to understand the biology of cancer and representing future perspectives for designing new anticancer strategies. We will specifically focus on APE1 as an example of a pleiotropic and multifunctional BER protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Codrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Burra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangiapane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Prudowsky ZD, Yustein JT. Recent Insights into Therapy Resistance in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 33396725 PMCID: PMC7795058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy of childhood, has been a challenge to treat and cure. Standard chemotherapy regimens work well for many patients, but there remain minimal options for patients with progressive or resistant disease, as clinical trials over recent decades have failed to significantly improve survival. A better understanding of therapy resistance is necessary to improve current treatments and design new strategies for future treatment options. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms and recent scientific advancements regarding osteosarcoma and its patterns of resistance against chemotherapy, radiation, and other newly-introduced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Prudowsky
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Lin HD, Yao CL, Ou WJ, Luo YH, Chen SC. 4-Aminobiphenyl suppresses homologous recombination repair by a reactive oxygen species-dependent p53/miR-513a-5p/p53 loop. Toxicology 2020; 444:152580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Lu MD, Liu D, Li YX. LINC01436 Promotes the Progression of Gastric Cancer via Regulating miR-513a-5p/APE1 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10607-10619. [PMID: 33116638 PMCID: PMC7585552 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s257747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancer worldwide. Multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently identified as crucial oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors in GC. In this study, we aimed to probe into the effect of LINC01436 on GC progression. Methods LINC01436 and miR-513a-5p expressions in GC tissue samples were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to detect the expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) expression. Human GC cell lines AGS and BGC-823 were employed to investigate the function and mechanism of LINC01436 in GC. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess the effect of LINC01436 on proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to explore the effect of LINC01436 on apoptosis, and Transwell assay was conducted to detect the effect of LINC01436 on the migration and invasion. Colony formation assay was performed to evaluate the effect of LINC01436 on radioresistance of GC cells. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted to confirm the binding relationship between miR-513a-5p and LINC01436. Additionally, Western blot was used to study the regulatory function of LINC01436 and miR-513a-5p on APE1. Results LINC01436 expression of GC clinical samples was remarkably increased and LINC01436 was correlated with unfavorable pathological indexes. LINC01436 high expression was associated with shorter overall survival time. Its overexpression observably promoted the proliferation, metastasis and radioresistance of GC cells, and its knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of GC cells. LINC01436 overexpression markedly reduced the miR-513a-5p expression via sponging it and enhanced the APE1 expression. MiR-513a-5p overexpression or APE1 knockdown reversed the effects of LINC01436 on GC cells. Conclusion LINC01436 is a molecular sponge of tumor suppressor miR-513a-5p, which indirectly enhances the APE1 expression and functions as the oncogenic lncRNA in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dian Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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22
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Lilienthal I, Herold N. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186885. [PMID: 32961800 PMCID: PMC7555161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lilienthal
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
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Li J, Huang C, Zou Y, Yu J, Gui Y. Circular RNA MYLK promotes tumour growth and metastasis via modulating miR-513a-5p/VEGFC signalling in renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6609-6621. [PMID: 32342645 PMCID: PMC7299689 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are promising biomarkers, as they play significant roles in the development of various cancers. The circular RNA MYLK (circMYLK) has been reported to be involved in the development of malignant tumours, including liver, prostate and bladder cancers. Nevertheless, the biological function of circMYLK in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that circMYLK is notably up-regulated in RCC. Increased circMYLK expression led to a larger tumour size, distant metastasis and poor prognosis of RCC patients. Moreover, circMYLK silencing repressed RCC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circMYLK can capture miR-513a-5p to facilitate VEGFC expression and further promote the tumorigenesis of RCC cells. In summary, our findings demonstrate that circMYLK has an oncogenic role in RCC growth and metastasis by modulating miR-513a-5p/VEGFC signalling. Thus, circMYLK has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsInstitute of UrologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen‐Peking University‐the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhenChina
| | - ChenChen Huang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsInstitute of UrologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen‐Peking University‐the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhenChina
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yifan Zou
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsInstitute of UrologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen‐Peking University‐the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical CenterShenzhenChina
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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24
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Xu S, Gong Y, Yin Y, Xing H, Zhang N. The multiple function of long noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma progression, drug resistance and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110141. [PMID: 32334375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor prevalent in children and young adults. LncRNAs are a family of non-protein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. The tumor-related pathological functions of lncRNAs include proliferation, migration, and chemotherapy resistance, all of which have been widely acknowledged in research on osteosarcoma. In addition, compelling evidence suggests that lncRNAs could serve as diagnostic indicators, prognostic biomarkers, and targets for disease treatment. In this review, we systematically summarize how lncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, invasion and therapeutic resistance. By deepening our knowledge of the relationship between lncRNAs and osteosarcoma, we hope to translate research findings into clinical applications as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyuan Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Viera GM, Salomao KB, de Sousa GR, Baroni M, Delsin LEA, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. miRNA signatures in childhood sarcomas and their clinical implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1583-1623. [PMID: 30949930 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progresses in multimodal treatments have significantly improved the outcomes for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, for about one-third of patients with Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or osteosarcoma steady remission has remained intangible. Thus, new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and the development of precision-targeted medicine remain imperative. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the basic understanding of miRNAs function and in interpreting the contribution of their dysregulation to cancer development and progression. On this basis, this review focuses on what has been learned about the pivotal roles of miRNAs in the regulation of key genes implicated in childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Viera
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - K B Salomao
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - G R de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - M Baroni
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - L E A Delsin
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - J A Pezuk
- Anhanguera University of Sao Paulo, UNIAN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - M S Brassesco
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil.
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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26
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Yang L, Zhang L, Lu L, Wang Y. lncRNA UCA1 Increases Proliferation and Multidrug Resistance of Retinoblastoma Cells Through Downregulating miR-513a-5p. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:69-77. [PMID: 31702387 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles for cancer therapy. Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was broadly implicated in chemoresistance of multiple cancers. This study was aimed to investigate the function of urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) in multidrug resistance of retinoblastoma and its potential molecular mechanism. In this study, we observed that UCA1 was significantly upregulated in chemoresistant retinoblastoma tissues and multidrug resistant retinoblastoma cell lines and predicted an unfavorable overall survival. Functionally, knockdown of UCA1 remarkably inhibited proliferation and sensitized retinoblastoma cells to multiple chemotherapy drugs, including vincristine (VCR), carboplatin (CBP), cisplatin (DDP), VP-16 (etoposide), and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that UCA1 functioned as a miRNA sponge to increase stathmin 1 (STMN1) expression through sponging miR-513a-5p. In addition, silence of miR-513a-5p or STMN1 overexpression could partly reverse UCA1 knockdown-induced inhibitory effects on proliferation and multidrug resistance of retinoblastoma cells. Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate that UCA1 plays a critical role in retinoblastoma chemoresistance, and UCA1 may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Yang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Cangzhou Eye Hospital, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Liyou Zhang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Cangzhou Eye Hospital, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Cangzhou Eye Hospital, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, Cangzhou Eye Hospital, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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27
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Wang J, Liu S, Shi J, Li J, Wang S, Liu H, Zhao S, Duan K, Pan X, Yi Z. The Role of miRNA in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:605-613. [PMID: 31674804 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant tumors derived from mesenchymal tissue and is highly invasive, mainly in children and adolescents. Treatment of OS is mostly based on standard treatment options, including aggressive surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted radiation therapy, but the 5-year survival rate is still low. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved type of endogenous nonprotein-encoding RNA, about 19-25 nucleotides in length, whose transcription process is independent of other genes. Generally, miRNAs play a role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and development by binding to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs, whereby they can degrade or induce translational silencing. Although miRNAs play a regulatory role in various metabolic processes, they are not translated into proteins. Several studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OS. Herein, the authors describe new advances in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of miRNAs in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shizhang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiyuan Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huitong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Keke Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuezhen Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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28
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Xue M, Shen J, Cui J, Wu J, Qiao W, Ding N, Song C, Shan B. MicroRNA-638 expression change in osteosarcoma patients via PLD1 and VEGF expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3899-3906. [PMID: 30988774 PMCID: PMC6447936 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of microRNA-638 (miR-638) in osteosarcoma. MiR-638 expression change in patients with osteosarcoma was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expression of miR-638 was observed to be downregulated in patients with osteosarcoma compared with the control group. In vitro, overexpression of miR-638 induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of miR-638 induced Bcl-2 associated X and caspase-3 protein expression, and suppressed cyclin D1, phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in osteosarcoma. The promotion of PLD1 decreased the effects of miR-638 on osteosarcoma cell proliferation. In summary, it was demonstrated that miRNA-638 expression change in patients with osteosarcoma and an in vitro model via PLD1 and VEGF expression and miRNA-638 may be potential clinical indicators of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jinhu Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Weili Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Ningding Ding
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Song
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shan
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99201, USA
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29
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Wang JS, Wang YG, Zhong YS, Li XD, Du SX, Xie P, Zheng GZ, Han JM. Identification of co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30849987 PMCID: PMC6408756 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor that occurs in children. METHODS To identify co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its clinical characteristics, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on RNA-seq data of osteosarcoma with 52 samples. Then we performed pathway enrichment analysis on genes from significant modules. RESULTS A total of 5471 genes were included in WGCNA, and 16 modules were identified. Module-trait analysis identified that a module involved in microtubule bundle formation, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and IL-17 signaling pathway was negatively correlated with osteosarcoma and positively correlated with metastasis; a module involved in DNA replication was positively correlated with osteosarcoma; a module involved in cell junction was positively correlated with metastasis; and a module involved in heparin binding negatively correlated with osteosarcoma. Moreover, expression levels in four of the top ten differentially expressed genes were validated in another independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis might provide insight for molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Yun-guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Yong-sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Xue-dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Shi-xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Gui-zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Jing-ming Han
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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30
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Qu W, Li D, Wang Y, Wu Q, Hao D. Activation of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is Associated with Human Osteosarcoma Cells Radioresistance Characterized by Increased Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3764-3771. [PMID: 29864766 PMCID: PMC6016436 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance restricts the application of radiotherapy in human osteosarcoma (OS). This study investigated the molecular mechanism of radioresistance in OS, which may provide clues to finding ideal targets for genetic therapy. Materila/Methods The human OS cell line MG63 was employed as parent cells. After repeat low-dose X-ray irradiation of MG63, the radioresistant OS cell line MG63R was produced. Colony formation assay was used to assess the radioresistance. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, and wound healing assay was used to evaluate invasive capacity. The nuclear translocation was evaluated by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Protein expression levels were assessed by Western blotting. Specific siRNA against Shh was used to silence Shh. Results More survival colony formation, elevated cell viability, less cell apoptosis, and increased wound closure were found in MG63R than in MG63 cells exposed to irradiation. The nuclear translocation of Gli, expression levels of Shh, Smo, Ptch1, Bcl2, active MMP2, and active MMP9 were increased in MG63R cells compared with MG63 cells. Transfection of Shh-siRNA suppressed expression levels of Shh, Smo, Ptch1, Bcl2, active MMP2, and active MMP9, as well as the nuclear translocation of Gli in MG63R cells. The cell viability, survival colony formation, and wound closure were impaired, whereas cell apoptosis was increased, in siRNA-transfected MG63R cells than in control MG63R cells exposed to irradiation. Conclusions Activation of Shh signaling was involved in radioresistance of OS cells. Blocking this signaling can impair the radioresistance capacity of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dichen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Bone Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qining Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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31
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Li C, He Y, Ma H, Han S. NOVA1 acts as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4450-4457. [PMID: 29118907 PMCID: PMC5666054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone tumors in young patients. NOVA1 (neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1) is a neuron-specific RNA binding-protein and belongs to the Nova family. Previous studies showed that NOVA1 played crucial roles in the development of several tumors. The objective of our study was to study the role of NOVA1 in the osteosarcoma. In our study, we showed that NOVA1 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. The expression of NOVA1 was upregulated in 22 (22/30; 73%) osteosarcoma cases compared to that in the adjacent tissues. Overexpression of NOVA1 promoted osteosarcoma cell viability, colony formation and invasion. Furthermore, knockdown of NOVA1 suppressed osteosarcoma cell viability, colony formation and invasion. These data suggested that NOVA1 acted as an oncogene in the development of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Li
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 604-714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Emergency, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haijing Ma
- Department of Emergency, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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32
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Palmini G, Marini F, Brandi ML. What Is New in the miRNA World Regarding Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma? Molecules 2017; 22:E417. [PMID: 28272374 PMCID: PMC6155266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of multimodal and aggressive therapies, currently patients with skeletal sarcomas, including osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, often have a poor prognosis. In recent decades, advances in sequencing technology have revealed the presence of RNAs without coding potential known as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which provides evidence that protein-coding genes account for only a small percentage of the entire genome. This has suggested the influence of ncRNAs during development, apoptosis and cell proliferation. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 underscored the importance of these molecules in pathological diseases such as cancer. Increasing interest in this field has allowed researchers to study the role of miRNAs in cancer progression. Regarding skeletal sarcomas, the research surrounding which miRNAs are involved in the tumourigenesis of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma has rapidly gained traction, including the identification of which miRNAs act as tumour suppressors and which act as oncogenes. In this review, we will summarize what is new regarding the roles of miRNAs in chondrosarcoma as well as the latest discoveries of identified miRNAs in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Palmini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
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