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Yuan C, Liao Y, Liao S, Huang M, Li D, Wu W, Quan Y, Li L, Yu X, Si W. Triptolide inhibits the progression of Glioblastoma U251 cells via targeting PROX1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1077640. [PMID: 36969058 PMCID: PMC10038275 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, characterized by rapid growth, extensive invasiveness, and poor prognosis, and there is still a lack of effective treatments. Here, we aimed to explore the role of triptolide (TPL), purified from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, on glioblastoma cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe publicly available clinical data of Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) had been screened to observe PROX1 expression. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PROX1 expression and GBM prognosis. CCK8, cell cycle, EDU, apoptosis, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to detect the effects of TPL on glioblastoma U251 cell viability, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. Further, a soft agar colony assay was used to calculate the growth of glioblastoma cells. The qRT-PCR and western blot were conducted to quantify PROX1 mRNA and protein levels. The transcriptional regulation of TPL was detected by Dual luciferase reporter assay.ResultsWe found that TPL inhibited glioblastoma cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion, but enhanced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of cell cycle inhibitor, P21, and pro-apoptosis factor, Bax was increased, while invasion-related factors MMP2 and MMP9 were silenced after TPL treatments. Mechanistically, TPL showed transcriptional inhibition of PROX1 appearance. Moreover, ectopic expression of PROX1 partially rescued the effects of TPL on glioblastoma cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, and on the expression of cell function-related genes.ConclusionThis study verified that TPL inhibited the progression of glioblastoma cells by transcriptionally depressing the expression of PROX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhaoqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanli Liao
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengjie Liao
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Mi Huang
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Duanzhuo Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Quan
- Department of Oncology, Zhaoqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhaoqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxia Si, ; ; Xin Yu, ;
| | - Wenxia Si
- Department of Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhaoqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxia Si, ; ; Xin Yu, ;
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Molecular markers related to patient outcome in patients with IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4: A systematic review. Eur J Cancer 2022; 175:214-223. [PMID: 36152406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grading and classification of IDH-mutant astrocytomas has shifted from solely histology towards histology combined with molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review, we give an overview of all currently known clinically relevant molecular markers within IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4. METHODS A literature search was performed in five electronic databases for English original papers on patient outcome with respect to a molecular marker as determined by DNA/RNA sequencing, micro-arrays, or DNA methylation profiling in IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4. Papers were included if molecular diagnostics were performed on tumour tissue of at least 15 IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients, and if the investigated molecular markers were not limited to the diagnostic markers MGMT, ATRX, TERT, and/or TP53. RESULTS The literature search identified 4508 unique articles, published between August 2012 and December 2021, of which ultimately 44 articles were included. Numerous molecular markers from these papers were significantly correlated to patient outcome. The associations between patient outcome and non-canonical IDH mutations, PI3K mutations, high expression of MSH2, high expression of RAD18, homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B, amplification of PDGFRA, copy number neutral loss of chromosomal arm 17p, loss of chromosomal arm 19q, the G-CIMP-low DNA methylation cluster, high total CNV, and high tumour mutation burden were confirmed in multiple studies. CONCLUSIONS Multiple genetic and epigenetic markers are associated with survival in IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients. Commonly affected are the RB signalling pathway, the RTK-PI3K-mTOR signalling pathway, genomic stability markers, and (epigenetic) gene regulation.
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Sareen H, Ma Y, Becker TM, Roberts TL, de Souza P, Powter B. Molecular Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168835. [PMID: 36012105 PMCID: PMC9408540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis that needs better treatment modalities. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict the response and outcome of current or newly designed therapies. While several molecular markers have been proposed as potential biomarkers for GBM, their uptake into clinical settings is slow and impeded by marker heterogeneity. Detailed assessment of prognostic and predictive value for biomarkers in well-defined clinical trial settings, if available, is scattered throughout the literature. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of clinically relevant molecular biomarkers in GBM patients. Material and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to retrieve publications from 3 databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase) from January 2010 to December 2021, using specific terms. The combined hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the association of biomarkers with overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Results: Twenty-six out of 1831 screened articles were included in this review. Nineteen articles were included in the meta-analyses, and 7 articles were quantitatively summarised. Fourteen studies with 1231 GBM patients showed a significant association of MGMT methylation with better OS with the pooled HR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.32−2.09, p < 0.0001, random effect). Five studies including 541 GBM patients analysed for the prognostic significance of IDH1 mutation showed significantly better OS in patients with IDH1 mutation with a pooled HR of 2.37 (95% CI 1.81−3.12; p < 0.00001]. Meta-analysis performed on 5 studies including 575 GBM patients presenting with either amplification or high expression of EGFR gene did not reveal any prognostic significance with a pooled HR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.96−1.79; p = 0.08). Conclusions: MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation are significantly associated with better OS in GBM patients. No significant associations were found between EGFR amplification or overexpression with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Sareen
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0406937108
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Tara L. Roberts
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Branka Powter
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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The Role of Lymphatic Marker Prox-1 in Relation to Brain Tumours. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The homeobox gene, Prox-1 is a transcription factor essential for lymphatic development (lymphangiogenesis) during embryogenesis. It also performs different functions in various tissues such as: retina, lens, liver, pancreas and the central nervous system. Intense expression of Prox-1 has been demonstrated in the developing spinal cord and brain. In adulthood its expression continues in the hippocampus and cerebellum. In adult tissues the process of lymphatic vasculature formation is accompanied under certain pathological conditions such as inflammation, tissue repair and tumour growth. Prox-1 expression is typical for lymphatic vessels; thus it belongs to one of the most specific and widely used mammalian lymphatic endothelial marker in the detection of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel invasion in oncogenesis. It has been shown that Prox-1 is involved in cancer development and progression. It’s tumour suppressive and oncogenic properties are proven in several human cancers, including brain tumours. Among all body cancers the brain tumours represent the most feared tumours with very limited treatment options and a poor diagnosis. The aim of this paper was to show the current knowledge of the gene Prox-1 with an emphasis on brain tumours, especially in gliomas.
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Hao X, Luo W, Qiu X. The association of transcription factor Prox1 with the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:602-610. [PMID: 34183992 PMCID: PMC8218550 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study investigates the effect of transcription factor Prox1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of lung cancer. Methods Lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H446 cells) were transfected with Prox1NAD and siRNA, respectively. Thus, the A549 and H446 cells overexpressed Prox1 after transfection of Prox1NAD plasmids, and A549 and H446 cells have low expression of Prox1 after transfection with siRNA. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to detect Prox1 mRNA and protein expression in cells. Plate clone formation experiments and MTT experiments were used to detect cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Rho family-related proteins in cells. Results Compared to untransfected wild-type A549 and H446 that served as blank controls, the expression level of Prox1mRNA and protein in A549 and H446 cells overexpressing Prox1 after plasmid transfection was high, while the expression level of Prox1mRNA and protein in A549 and H446 cells with low expression of Prox1 after siRNA transfection was low. With the increase of Prox1 expression, the expression of RhoA and RhoC increased, while the expression of RhoB decreased. Conclusion The finding of this study may provide a new approach for the treatment of lung cancer using targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.,Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xueshan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Clinico-pathological and prognostic implications of Srx, Nrf2, and PROX1 expression in gastric cancer and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa - an immunohistochemical study. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 24:229-240. [PMID: 33531870 PMCID: PMC7836280 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2020.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sulfiredoxin (Srx), which is an endogenous antioxidant substance which could, regulate the signaling pathways of reactive oxygen species. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is Cap-N-collar (CNC) transcription factors family member that have essential roles in regulation of antioxidant response. The transcription factor PROX1 is a transcription factor and a key regulatory protein in cancer development. Aim of the study To analyze levels of tissue expression of Srx, Nrf2, and PROX1 in gastric cancer and adjacent non-neoplastic gastric mucosa to clarify the relationship between their expression levels, clinical, pathological parameters and patients’ outcome. The results might lead to discovering novel targeted therapies to gastric cancers. Material and methods We included 70 paraffin-embedded samples: 50 specimens from gastric carcinomas and 20 specimens from adjacent non-neoplastic gastric mucosa. All samples are stained with Srx, Nrf2, and PROX1 using immunohistochemistry, correlated their expression with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of patients. Results High levels of Srx and Nrf2 expression were positively associated with higher cancer grade (p = 0.006, 0.031 respectively), advanced stage (p < 0.001, 0.02 respectively), higher incidence of distant metastases (p = 0.029, 0.03 respectively) and dismal outcome (p < 0.001). High levels of PROX1 expression were associated with lower cancer grade (p = 0.005), absence of lymph nodes metastases (p = 0.023), early stage (p = 0.003), absence of relapse (p = 0.004), and favorable outcome (p < 0.001). Conclusions Srx and Nrf2 expression increase gastric cancer invasiveness, suggesting their utility as poor prognostic markers, but PROX1 serves as a favorable prognostic marker of gastric cancer patients.
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Hakes AE, Brand AH. Tailless/TLX reverts intermediate neural progenitors to stem cells driving tumourigenesis via repression of asense/ASCL1. eLife 2020; 9:e53377. [PMID: 32073402 PMCID: PMC7058384 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the sequence of events leading to cancer relies in large part upon identifying the tumour cell of origin. Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain cancer but the early stages of disease progression remain elusive. Neural lineages have been implicated as cells of origin, as have glia. Interestingly, high levels of the neural stem cell regulator TLX correlate with poor patient prognosis. Here we show that high levels of the Drosophila TLX homologue, Tailless, initiate tumourigenesis by reverting intermediate neural progenitors to a stem cell state. Strikingly, we could block tumour formation completely by re-expressing Asense (homologue of human ASCL1), which we show is a direct target of Tailless. Our results predict that expression of TLX and ASCL1 should be mutually exclusive in glioblastoma, which was verified in single-cell RNA-seq of human glioblastoma samples. Counteracting high TLX is a potential therapeutic strategy for suppressing tumours originating from intermediate progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Hakes
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Meng FW, Liu FS, Liu WH, Li L, Jie LL. Formation of new lymphatic vessels in glioma: An immunohistochemical analysis. Neuropathology 2020; 40:215-223. [PMID: 31960509 PMCID: PMC7317190 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the distribution and formation of new lymphatic vessels in gliomas. Specimens from seven glioma cases were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for CD34, lymphatic endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (LYVE‐1), prospero‐related homeobox 1 (Prox1), nestin, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α). Three types of vessels were observed in glioma specimens: LYVE‐1+ lymphatic vessels, CD34+ blood vessels, and LYVE‐1+/CD34+ blood vessels. Prox1+/LYVE‐1+ cells were distributed in some lymphatic vessels as well as among vascular endothelial cells and glioma cells. Nestin+ cells were scattered throughout the gliomas, and some lymphatic cells also expressed nestin. HIF‐1α+ Prox1+ cells were widely distributed within the glioma specimens. The present immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of Prox1 and HIF‐1α in some glioma tissues as well as the differentiation of nestin+ tumor stem cells into LYVE‐1+ lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Wei Meng
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jie
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
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Goudarzi KM, Espinoza JA, Guo M, Bartek J, Nistér M, Lindström MS, Hägerstrand D. Reduced Expression of PROX1 Transitions Glioblastoma Cells into a Mesenchymal Gene Expression Subtype. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5901-5916. [PMID: 30135192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor PROX1 has been linked to several cancer types, including gliomas, but its functions remain to be further elucidated. Here we describe a functional role and the prognostic value of PROX1 in glioblastoma. Low expression of PROX1 correlated with poor overall survival and the mesenchymal glioblastoma subtype signature. The latter finding was recapitulated in vitro, where suppression or overexpression of PROX1 in glioma cell cultures transitioned cells to a mesenchymal or to a nonmesenchymal glioblastoma gene expression signature, respectively. PROX1 modulation affected proliferation rates that coincided with changes in protein levels of CCNA1 and CCNE1 as well as the cyclin inhibitors CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and CDKN1C. Overexpression of SOX2 increased PROX1 expression, but treatment with a CDK2 inhibitor subsequently decreased PROX1 expression, which was paralleled by decreased SOX2 levels. The THRAP3 protein was a novel binding partner for PROX1, and suppression of THRAP3 increased both transcript and protein levels of PROX1. Together, these findings highlight the prognostic value of PROX1 and its role as a regulator of glioblastoma gene expression subtypes, intratumoral heterogeneity, proliferation, and cell-cycle control.Significance: These findings demonstrate the role and prognostic value of PROX1 in glioblastomas; low PROX1 levels correlate with a mesenchymal gene expression subtype and shorter survival in glioblastoma tumors. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5901-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh M Goudarzi
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Guo
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Nistér
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael S Lindström
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hägerstrand
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Malmström A, Poulsen HS, Grønberg BH, Stragliotto G, Hansen S, Asklund T, Holmlund B, Łysiak M, Dowsett J, Kristensen BW, Söderkvist P, Rosell J, Henriksson R. Postoperative neoadjuvant temozolomide before radiotherapy versus standard radiotherapy in patients 60 years or younger with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma: a randomized trial. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1776-1785. [PMID: 28675067 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1332780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A pilot study of temozolomide (TMZ) given before radiotherapy (RT) for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma (GBM) resulted in prolonged survival compared to historical controls receiving RT alone. We therefore investigated neoadjuvant TMZ (NeoTMZ) in a randomized trial. During enrollment, concomitant and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy with TMZ became standard treatment. The trial was amended to include concurrent TMZ. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients, after surgery for GBM or AA, age ≤60 years and performance status (PS) 0-2, were randomized to either 2-3 cycles of TMZ, 200 mg/m2 days 1-5 every 28 days, followed by RT 60 Gy in 30 fractions or RT only. Patients without progressive disease after two TMZ cycles, received the third cycle. From March 2005, TMZ 75 mg/m2 was administered daily concomitant with RT. TMZ was recommended first-line treatment at progression. Primary endpoint was overall survival and secondary safety. RESULTS The study closed prematurely after enrolling 144 patients, 103 with GBM and 41 with AA. Median age was 53 years (range 24-60) and 89 (62%) were male. PS was 0-1 for 133 (92%) patients, 53 (37%) had complete surgical resection and 18 (12%) biopsy. Ninety-two (64%) received TMZ concomitant with RT. Seventy-two (50%) were randomized to neoadjuvant treatment. For the overall study population survival was 20.3 months for RT and 17.7 months for NeoTMZ (p = .76), this not reaching the primary objective. For the preplanned subgroup analysis, we found that NeoTMZ AA patients had a median survival of 95.1 months compared to 35.2 months for RT (p = .022). For patients with GBM, no difference in survival was observed (p = .10). MGMT and IDH status affected outcome. CONCLUSIONS No advantage of NeoTMZ was noted for the overall study population or subgroup of GBM, while NeoTMZ resulted in 5 years longer median survival for patients diagnosed as AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Malmström
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Bjørn Henning Grønberg
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s Hospital – Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Steinbjørn Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Asklund
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Holmlund
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Małgorzata Łysiak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Peter Söderkvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Rosell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Laitinen A, Böckelman C, Hagström J, Kokkola A, Kallio P, Haglund C. High PROX1 expression in gastric cancer predicts better survival. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183868. [PMID: 28854215 PMCID: PMC5576676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PROX1 is a transcription factor involved in the development of various organs. It has also an important function in colorectal cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of PROX1 expression in gastric cancer. METHODS We evaluated PROX1 expression in gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry of tumor-tissue microarrays including tumor specimens from 283 patients who underwent surgery at Helsinki University Hospital. We investigated the association of PROX1 expression with clinicopathologic variables and patient survival. RESULTS Cytoplasmic PROX1 reactivity was high in 56 (20.5%) and low in 217 (79.5%) cases. Low PROX1 immunostaining associated with diffuse cancer type (p = 0.002). In subgroup analysis, PROX1 was a significant marker of better prognosis in patients aged under 66 (p = 0.007), in those with intestinal cancer (p = 0.025), among men (p = 0.019), and in tumors of less than 5 cm diameter (p = 0.030). Patients with high PROX1 expression had a cancer-specific 5-year survival of 65.6% (95% CI 52.7-78.5), compared to 37.1% (95% CI 30.2-44.0) for those with low expression (p = 0.004, log-rank test). This result remained significant in multivariable analysis (HR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.90; p = 0.017). CONCLUSION In gastric cancer, high cytoplasmic PROX1 expression is an independent marker of better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alli Laitinen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology and Oral Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Kokkola
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kallio
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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