1
|
In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Novel Bis-Triazoles. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 45:175-196. [PMID: 36661500 PMCID: PMC9858002 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the anticancer activity of our novel bis-triazoles MS47 and MS49, developed previously as G-quadruplex stabilizers, focusing specifically upon the human melanoma MDA-MB-435 cell line. At the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, bis-triazole MS47 (NCS 778438) was evaluated against a panel of sixty human cancer cell lines, and showed selective, distinct multi-log differential patterns of activity, with GI50 and LC50 values in the sub-micromolar range against human cancer cells. MS47 showed highly selective cytotoxicity towards human melanoma, ovarian, CNS and colon cancer cell lines; in contrast, the leukemia cell lines interestingly showed resistance to MS47 cytotoxic activity. Further studies revealed the potent cell growth inhibiting properties of MS47 and MS49 against the human melanoma MDA-MB-435 cell line, as verified by MTT assays; both ligands were more potent against cancer cells than MRC-5 fetal lung fibroblasts (SI > 9). Melanoma colony formation was significantly suppressed by MS47 and MS49, and time- and dose-dependent apoptosis induction was also observed. Furthermore, MS47 significantly arrested melanoma cells at the G0/G1 cell cycle phase. While the expression levels of Hsp90 protein in melanoma cells were significantly decreased by MS49, corroborating its binding to the G4-DNA promoter of the Hsp90 gene. Both ligands failed to induce senescence in the human melanoma cells after 72 h of treatment, corroborating their weak stabilization of the telomeric G4-DNA.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rather RA, Bhagat M, Singh SK. Oncogenic BRAF, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy: Crosstalk and therapeutic targets in cutaneous melanoma. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108321. [PMID: 32800272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRAF is a member of the RAF family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Oncogenic BRAF, in particular, BRAF V600E, can disturb the normal protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To alleviate such conditions, ER-stressed cells have developed a highly robust and adaptable signaling network known as unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is ordinarily a cytoprotective response and usually operates through the induction of autophagy, an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that directs damaged proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles for bulk degradation and recycling. Both ER stress and autophagy are involved in the progression and chemoresistance of melanoma. Melanoma, which arises as a result of malignant transformation of melanocytes, exhibits exceptionally high therapeutic resistance. Many mechanisms of therapeutic resistance have been identified in individual melanoma patients and in preclinical BRAF-driven melanoma models. Recently, it has been recognized that oncogenic BRAF interacts with GRP78 and removes its inhibitory influence on the three fundamental ER stress sensors of UPR, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6. Dissociation of GRP78 from these ER stress sensors prompts UPR that subsequently activates cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of BRAF-induced ER stress-mediated autophagy can potentially resensitize BRAF mutant melanoma tumors to apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of how oncogenic BRAF elevates the basal level of ER stress-mediated autophagy in melanoma tumors is not well characterized. A better understanding of the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF, ER stress and autophagy may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq A Rather
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India.
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brożyna AA, Hoffman RM, Slominski AT. Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:473-489. [PMID: 31892603 PMCID: PMC6948187 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal types of skin cancer, with a poor prognosis once the disease enters metastasis. The efficacy of currently available treatment schemes for advanced melanomas is low, expensive, and burdened by significant side-effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment options. Skin cells are able to activate vitamin D via classical and non-classical pathways. Vitamin D derivatives have anticancer properties which promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation. The role of systemic vitamin D in patients with melanoma is unclear as epidemiological studies are not definitive. In contrast, experimental data have clearly shown that vitamin D and its derivatives have anti-melanoma properties. Furthermore, molecular and clinicopathological studies have demonstrated a correlation between defects in vitamin D signaling and progression of melanoma and disease outcome. Therefore, adequate vitamin D signaling can play a role in the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Estrela JM, Salvador R, Marchio P, Valles SL, López-Blanch R, Rivera P, Benlloch M, Alcácer J, Pérez CL, Pellicer JA, Obrador E. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism overcomes resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2580-2598. [PMID: 31911848 PMCID: PMC6943348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical applications of glucocorticoids (GC) in Oncology are dependent on their pro-apoptotic action to treat lymphoproliferative cancers, and to alleviate side effects induced by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, the mechanism(s) by which GC may also promote tumor progression remains unclear. GC receptor (GR) knockdown decreases the antioxidant protection of highly metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells. We hypothesize that a GR antagonist (RU486, mifepristone) could increase the efficacy of BRAF-related therapy in BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic melanoma. In vivo formed spontaneous skin tumors were reinoculated into nude mice to expand the metastases of different human BRAFV600E melanoma cells. The GR content of melanoma cell lines was measured by [3H]-labeled ligand binding assay. Nuclear Nrf2 and its transcription activity was investigated by RT-PCR, western blotting, and by measuring Nrf2- and redox state-related enzyme activities and metabolites. GR knockdown was achieved using lentivirus, and GR overexpression by transfection with the NR3C1 plasmid. shRNA-induced selective Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, AKT1 or NF-κB/p65 depletion was used to test the efficacy of vemurafenib (VMF) and RU486 against BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic melanoma. During early progression of skin melanoma metastases, RU486 and VMF induced a drastic metastases regression. However, treatment at an advanced stage of growth demonstrated the development of resistance to RU486 and VMF. This resistance was mechanistically linked to overexpression of specific proteins of the Bcl-2 family (Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in our experimental models). We found that melanoma resistance is decreased if AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways are blocked. Our results highlight mechanisms by which metastatic melanoma cells adapt to survive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Estrela
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | - Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Rivera
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Health & Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic UniversityValencia 46001, Spain
| | - Javier Alcácer
- Pathology Laboratory, Quirón HospitalValencia 46010, Spain
| | - Carlos L Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic and Preclinical Sciences Victoria de GirónLa Habana 3102146, Cuba
| | - José A Pellicer
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, University of ValenciaValencia 46010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang CF, Shi XJ. Generation and application of patient-derived xenograft models in pancreatic cancer research. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2729-2736. [PMID: 31725451 PMCID: PMC6940092 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Hence, the development of effective anti-PDAC therapies is urgently required. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful models for developing anti-cancer therapies and screening drugs for precision medicine. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of using PDX models in PDAC. DATA SOURCES The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to June 2019 using various combinations of search terms, including PDAC, pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, patient-derived xenografts or PDX, and patient-derived tumor xenografts or PDTX. STUDY SELECTION Original articles and review articles relevant to the review's theme were selected. RESULTS PDX models are better than cell line-derived xenograft and other models. PDX models consistently demonstrate retained tumor morphology and genetic stability, are beneficial in cancer research, could enhance drug discovery and oncologic mechanism development of PDAC, allow an improved understanding of human cancer cell biology, and help guide personalized treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we outline the status and application of PDX models in both basic and pre-clinical pancreatic cancer researches. PDX model is one of the most appropriate pre-clinical tools that can improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 hospital), Beijing 100853, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park JH, Han Q, Zhao M, Tan Y, Higuchi T, Yoon SN, Sugisawa N, Yamamoto J, Bouvet M, Clary B, Singh SR, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase combined with oxaliplatinum and 5-fluorouracil regressed a colon cancer growing on the peritoneal surface in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2019; 61:109-114. [PMID: 31759402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) on a model of colon cancer growing on the peritoneal surface using a patients-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Forty PDOX mouse models with colon cancer growing on the peritoneum were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each by measuring the tumor size and fluorescence intensity: untreated control; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (50 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, ip) and oxaliplatinum (OXA) (6 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks, ip); o-rMETase (100 units/day, oral 14 consecutive days); combination 5-FU + OXA and o-rMETase. All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated control. The combination of 5-FU + OXA plus o-rMETase was significantly more efficacious than the control and each drug alone and was the only treatment that caused tumor regression. The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of o-rMETase combination therapy on a PDOX model of peritoneal colon cancer, suggesting potential clinical development of o-rMETase in a recalcitrant cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Park
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Elliott I, Russell T, Singh A, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Regorafenib regresses an imatinib-resistant recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:722-727. [PMID: 29334307 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1423223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit is a rare type of sarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine drug sensitivity for a regionally-recurrent case of GIST using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX model was established in the anterior wall of the stomach. GIST PDOX models were randomized into 5 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration (p.o.), daily, for 3 weeks); G3, sunitinib group (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G4, regorafenib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G5, pazopanib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Tumor volume was evaluated on day 0 and day 22 by laparotomy. Body weight were measured 2 times per week. Though regorafenib is third-line therapy for GIST, it was the most effective drug and regressed the tumor significantly (p < 0.001). Sunitinib suppressed tumor growth compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Imatinib, first-line therapy for GIST, and pazopanib did not have significant efficacy compared to the control group (p = 0.886, p = 0.766). The implications of this result is discussed for GIST patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Tara Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Arun Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) on Recalcitrant Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050410. [PMID: 31052611 PMCID: PMC6562625 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
Collapse
|
9
|
Methioninase Cell-Cycle Trap Cancer Chemotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:133-148. [PMID: 30725413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are methionine (MET) dependent compared to normal cells as they have an elevated requirement for MET in order to proliferate. MET restriction selectively traps cancer cells in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle phase can be visualized by color coding with the fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is an enzyme that effectively degrades MET. rMETase induces S/G2-phase blockage of cancer cells which is identified by the cancer cells' green fluorescence with FUCCI imaging. Cancer cells in G1/G0 are the majority of the cells in solid tumors and are resistant to the chemotherapy. Treatment of cancer cells with standard chemotherapy drugs only led to the majority of the cancer cell population being arrested in G0/G1 phase, identified by the cancer cells' red fluorescence in the FUCCI system. The G0/G1-phase cancer cells are chemo-resistant. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) was used to decoy quiescent G0/G1 stomach cancer cells growing in nude mice to cycle, with subsequent rMETase treatment to selectively trap the decoyed cancer cells in S/G2 phase, which made them highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Subsequent cisplatinum (CDDP) or paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy was then administered to kill the decoyed and trapped cancer cells, which completely prevented or regressed tumor growth. In a subsequent experiment, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent CDDP-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was eradicated by the combination of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R decoy, rMETase S/G2-phase cell cycle trap, and CDDP cell kill. Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and rMETase pre-treatment thereby overcame CDDP resistance. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new chemotherapy paradigm of "decoy, trap, and kill" chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoffman RM, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Tan Y, Li S, Han Q. High Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase on Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models of Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:149-161. [PMID: 30725414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoffman RM, Han Q, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Tan Y. Afterword: Oral Methioninase-Answer to Cancer and Fountain of Youth? Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:311-322. [PMID: 30725426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) requirement of cancer cells is termed MET dependence and is possibly the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo due to their elevated requirement for MET. rMETase can also potentiate chemotherapy drugs active in S phase due to the selective arrest of cancer cells in S/G2 phase during MET restriction (MR). We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intraperitoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in mouse models of cancer including patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. We subsequently compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) on a melanoma PDOX mouse model. o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase to inhibit tumor growth without overt toxicity. The combination of o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either monotherapy and completely arrested tumor growth. Thus, o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent with the potential of clinical development for chronic cancer therapy as well as for cancer prevention. o-rMETase may also have potential as an antiaging agent for healthy people, since MR has been shown to extend the life span of a variety of different organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) regresses partially GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2019-2026. [PMID: 29963961 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy in most cases. Nanoparticle-albumin bound (nab)-paclitaxel is becoming first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but also has limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer. Our goal was to improve the treatment outcome in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer. We previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) pancreatic cancers from two patients. The pancreatic tumor was implanted orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Five weeks after implantation, 50 PDOX mouse models were randomized into five groups of 10 mice for each pancreatic cancer PDOX: untreated control; GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + nab-PTX (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, nab-PTX: 10 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks); S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, S. typhimurium A1-R; 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks). GEM + nab-PTX was significantly more effective than GEM alone in one PDOX model (p = 0.0004), but there was no significant difference in the other PDOX model. The combination of GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R regressed both PDOX models. These results show S. typhimurium A1-R can overcome the ineffectiveness or partial effectiveness of GEM in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer and demonstrate clinical potential for this combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Zhao M, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Zhang Z, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Li Y, Nelson SD, Russell T, Singh A, Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Chawla SP, Eilber FC, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes partial carboplatinum-resistance of a cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Tissue Cell 2018; 54:144-149. [PMID: 30309504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic disease without a known primary and therefore very difficult to identify effective therapy. Previously, we demonstrated partial efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) alone and carboplatinum alone (CAR) on a CUP patient tumor in the patient-derived xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR on the CUP PDOX model. The CUP tumors were implanted orthotopically into the left supraclavicular fossa of nude mice to match the site from which they were resected from the patient. CUP PDOX models were divided randomly into the following 4 groups after the tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: CAR (30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks); G3: S. typhimurium A1-R (5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks).; G4: S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR (S. typhimurium A1-R; 5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks; CAR, 30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks). Each group comprised 7 mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice a week. S. typhimurium A1-R and CAR moderately inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated group on day 15 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR inhibited the tumor growth significantly more compared to S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy or CAR monotherapy on day 15 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). The present report demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R can increase the efficacy of a standard drug used for CUP in a PDOX model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 414, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Zhao M, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Ohshiro H, Sugisawa N, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Combination therapy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and oral recombinant methioninase regresses a BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3086-3092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
15
|
Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) is superior to injectable rMETase and overcomes acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
16
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Singh AS, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Patterns of sensitivity to a panel of drugs are highly individualised for undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models. J Drug Target 2018; 27:211-216. [PMID: 30024282 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) is a recalcitrant disease; therefore, precise individualised therapy is needed. Toward this goal, we previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of USTS in nude mice. Here, we determined the extent of uniqueness of drug response in a panel on USTS PDOX models from 5 different patients. We previously showed that 3 of the 5 patients were resistant to doxorubicin (DOX) despite DOX being first-line therapy. Two weeks after orthotopic tumour implantation, PDOX mouse models were randomised into five groups: untreated control, DOX, gem-citabine/docetaxel (GEM/DOC), pazopanib (PAZ), temozolomide (TEM). Three PDOX cases were completely resistant to DOX. TEM had high efficacy for 4 USTS PDOX models, including DOX-resistant cases. GEM/DOC and PAZ were effective in three USTS PDOX. One case was completely resistant to TEM. Two cases were completely resistant to PAZ. The results showed the drug sensitivity pattern for each USTS PDOX was highly individualised and that at least one effective drug could be found for each. The PDOX model could be effective in precise individualised drug sensitivity testing which is especially important for heterogeneous cancers such as USTS, and can give the patient a greater chance to be treated with an effective drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- g Basic Research Laboratory , National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Elliott I, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Trabectedin arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-activated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:840. [PMID: 30126369 PMCID: PMC6102848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a rare, heterogeneous and an aggressive variant of liposarcoma. Therefore, individualized therapy is urgently needed. Our recent reports suggest that trabectedin (TRAB) is effective against several patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Here, we compared the efficacy of first-line therapy, doxorubicin (DOX), and TRAB in a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA)-amplified PLPS. METHODS We used a fresh sample of PLPS tumor derived from a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with a recurrent PLPS. Subcutaneous implantation of tumor tissue was performed in a nude mouse. After three weeks of implantation, tumor tissues were isolated and cut into small pieces. To match the patient a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS PDOX was created in the biceps femoris of nude mice. Mice were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (G1), control (untreated); Group 2 (G2), DOX-treated; Group 3 (G3), TRAB-treated. Measurement was done twice a week for tumor width, length, and mouse body weight. RESULTS The PLPS PDOX showed resistance towards DOX. However, TRAB could arrest the PLPS (p < 0.05 compared to control; p < 0.05 compared to DOX) without any significant changes in body-weight. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that for the individual patient the PLPS PDOX model could specifically distinguish both effective and ineffective drugs. This is especially crucial for PLPS because effective first-line therapy is harder to establish if it is not individualized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Zhao M, Miyake K, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Higuchi T, Li Y, Dry SM, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-amplified patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pleomorphic liposarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7827-7833. [PMID: 29932244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a recalcitrant soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) subtype in need of transformative therapy. We have previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model, of PLPS with PDGFRA amplification, using surgical orthotopic implantation. In the current study, the PLPS PDOX model was randomized into 3 groups of 7 mice each: untreated control; doxorubicin (DOX)-treated; and treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tumor volume and body weight were monitored during the treatment period. The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX. In contrast, the PLPS PDOX was highly sensitive to S. typhimurium A1-R. There was no significant body-weight loss among these 3 groups. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was very effective to target the PLPS PDOX tumor. The current study demonstrates that a PLPS PDOX, resistant to first-line therapy DOX, was highly sensitive to tumor targeting S. typhimurium A1-R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maldonado MDM, Dharmawardhane S. Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GTPases in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3101-3111. [PMID: 29858187 PMCID: PMC6004249 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rac and Cdc42 are small GTPases that have been linked to multiple human cancers and are implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell-cycle progression, migration/invasion, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and oncogenic transformation. With the exception of the P29S driver mutation in melanoma, Rac and Cdc42 are not generally mutated in cancer, but are overexpressed (gene amplification and mRNA upregulation) or hyperactivated. Rac and Cdc42 are hyperactivated via signaling through oncogenic cell surface receptors, such as growth factor receptors, which converge on the guanine nucleotide exchange factors that regulate their GDP/GTP exchange. Hence, targeting Rac and Cdc42 represents a promising strategy for precise cancer therapy, as well as for inhibition of bypass signaling that promotes resistance to cell surface receptor-targeted therapies. Therefore, an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of these pivotal signaling intermediates is key for the development of effective inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the role of Rac and Cdc42 in cancer and summarize the regulatory mechanisms, inhibitory efficacy, and the anticancer potential of Rac- and Cdc42-targeting agents. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3101-11. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suranganie Dharmawardhane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with gemcitabine regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) pancreatic cancer nude mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Bouvet M, Elliott I, Russell TA, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R suppressed an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with c-kit exon 11 and 17 mutations. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00643. [PMID: 30003151 PMCID: PMC6040627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory disease in need of novel efficacious therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) using on a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of imatinib-resistant GIST. The GIST was obtained from a patient with regional recurrence, and implanted in the anterior gastric wall of nude mice. The GIST PDOX mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration [p.o.], daily, for 3 weeks); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R group (intravenous [i.v.] injection, weekly, for 3 weeks). All mice from each group were sacrificed on day 22. Relative tumor volume was estimated by laparotomy on day 0 and day 22. Body weight of the mouse was evaluated 2 times per week. We found that S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor growth in contrast to the untreated group (P = 0.001). In addition, we found that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective compared to imatinib (P = 0.013). Furthermore, Imatinib was not significantly effective compared to the control group (P = 0.462). These results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R may be new effective therapy for imatinib-resistant GIST and therefore a good candidate for clinical development of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Doxorubicin-resistant pleomorphic liposarcoma with PDGFRA gene amplification is targeted and regressed by pazopanib in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:30-36. [PMID: 30060824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a heterogeneous resistant group of tumors. Complete surgical resection is the only known way to treat PLPS. PLPS is reristant to both radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, precise individualized therapy is needed to improve outcome of advanced PLPS patients. In this study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) in order to match the patient. The PLPS PDOX was treated with pazopanib (PAZ) which targets PDGFRA, as well as with temozolomide (TEM) and first-line therapy doxorubicin (DOX). The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX and responded very well to PAZ as well as TEM. The tumor volume on treatment day-14 relative to day-1 was as follows: DOX (4.50 ± 2.6, p = 0.8087); PAZ (1.29 ± 0.9, p = 0.0008 compared to the control, p = 0.0167 compared to DOX); TEM (1.07 ± 0.8, p = 0.0079 compared to the control, p = 0.0079 compared to DOX). There was no significant difference in body weight between any treated group or control. The PAZ- and TEM-treated tumors showed extensive necrosis compared to the DOX-treated and untreated PDOX tumors. The present study showed that PDGFRA amplification could be effectively targeted by PAZ. The PLPS PDOX model also identified the efficacy of TEM which does not target PDGFRA, indicating that the PDOX model can identify effective targeted therapy as well as standard therapy and at the same time, identify ineffective drugs, even if they are first-line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Lwin TM, Higuchi T, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Targeting altered cancer methionine metabolism with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) overcomes partial gemcitabine-resistance and regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:868-873. [PMID: 29623758 PMCID: PMC6056209 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a recalcitrant disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the most widely-used first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but most patients eventually fail. Transformative therapy is necessary to significantly improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer patients. Tumors have an elevated requirement for methionine and are susceptible to methionine restriction. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer to determine the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) to effect methionine restriction and thereby overcome GEM-resistance. A pancreatic cancer obtained from a patient was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX model. Five weeks after implantation, 40 pancreatic cancer PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, n = 10); rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); GEM+rMETase (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, rMETase: 100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10). Although GEM partially inhibited PDOX tumor growth, combination therapy (GEM+rMETase) was significantly more effective than mono therapy (GEM: p = 0.0025, rMETase: p = 0.0010). The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of rMETase combination therapy in a pancreatic cancer PDOX model to overcome first-line therapy resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide regresses a doxorubicin-resistant undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX): precision-oncology nude-mouse model matching the patient with effective therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6598-6603. [PMID: 29737543 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant cancer, resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A patient with high-grade USCS from a striated muscle was implanted orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3 : G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. TEM significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared to the untreated control and the DOX-treated group on day 14 after treatment initiation: control (G1): 343 ± 78 mm3 ; DOX (G2): 308 ± 31 mm3 , P = 0.272; TEM (G3): 85 ± 21 mm3 , P < 0.0001. TEM significantly regressed the tumor volume compared to day 0 (P = 0.019). There were no animal deaths in any group. The body weight of treated mice was not significantly different in any group. Tumors treated with DOX were comprised of spindle-shaped viable cells without apparent necrosis or inflammatory changes. In contrast, tumors treated with TEM showed extensive tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates the potential power of matching the patient with an effective drug and saving the patient needless toxicity from ineffective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Lwin TM, Hwang HK, Delong JC, Clary BM, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. MEK inhibitors cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic-cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2018; 8:47490-47496. [PMID: 28537897 PMCID: PMC5564580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), obtained from a patient, was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic (PDOX) model. Seven weeks after implantation, PDOX nude mice were divided into the following groups: untreated control (n = 7); gemcitabine (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); cobimetinib (5 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trametinib (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trabectedin (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); temozolomide (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); carfilzomib (2 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); bortezomib (1 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); MK-1775 (20 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); BEZ-235 (45 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); vorinostat (50 mg/kg, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 7). Only the MEK inhibitors, cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed tumor growth, and they were more significantly effective than other therapies (p < 0.0001, respectively), thereby demonstrating the precision of the PDOX models of PDAC and its potential for individualizing pancreatic-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan M Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Gainor E, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Recombinant methioninase combined with doxorubicin (DOX) regresses a DOX-resistant synovial sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19263-19272. [PMID: 29721200 PMCID: PMC5922394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a recalcitrant subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A tumor from a patient with high grade SS from a lower extremity was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. The PDOX mice were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks; G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G4 DOX (3mg/kg), i.p. weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after treatment initiation, all therapies significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control, except DOX: (DOX: p = 0.48; rMETase: p < 0.005; DOX combined with rMETase < 0.0001). DOX combined with rMETase was significantly more effective than both DOX alone (p < 0.001) and rMETase alone (p < 0.05). The relative body weight on day 14 compared with day 0 did not significantly differ between any treatment group or untreated control. The results indicate that r-METase can overcome DOX-resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with recombinant methioninase and cisplatinum eradicates an osteosarcoma cisplatinum-resistant lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model: decoy, trap and kill chemotherapy moves toward the clinic. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:801-809. [PMID: 29374999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which decoys chemoresistant quiescent cancer cells to cycle, and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which selectively traps cancer cells in late S/G2, and chemotherapy. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups 14 days after implantation: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks); G5, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G6, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks) and CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after initiation, all treatments except CDDP alone, significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control: (CDDP: p = 0.586; rMETase: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R combined with rMETase: p = 0.0004; rMETase combined with both S. typhimurium A1-R and CDDP: p = 0.0001). The decoy, trap and kill combination of S. typhimurium A1-R, rMETase and CDDP was the most effective of all therapies and was able to eradicate the metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Individualized doxorubicin sensitivity testing of undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model demonstrates large differences between patients. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:627-633. [PMID: 29384032 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1421876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is often first-line treatment of undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS). However, the DOX response rate for USTS patients is low. Individualized precision-medicine technology that could identify DOX responders as well as non-responders would be of high value to cancer patients. In the present study, we established 5 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models from 5 USTS patients and evaluated the efficacy of DOX in each PDOX model. USTS's were grown orthotopically in the right thigh of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Two weeks after implantation, the mouse models were randomized into two groups of 8 mice each: untreated control; and DOX (3 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks). DOX showed significant growth inhibition in only 2 USTS PDOX models out of 5 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.0055, respectively) on day 14 after initiation. DOX was ineffective in the other 3 PDOX models. However, even in the DOX-sensitive cases, DOX could not regress the PDOX tumors responding to treatment. The present study has important implications since this is the first in vivo study to compare the DOX sensitivity for USTS on multiple patient tumors. We showed that only two of five USTS were responsive to DOX, despite DOX being first line chemotherapy for USTS. The 3 resistant cases should not be treated with DOX clinically, in order to spare the patients' unnecessary toxicity. This PDOX model is useful for precise individualized drug sensitivity testing, especially for rare heterogeneous recalcitrant sarcomas such as USTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recombinant methioninase effectively targets a Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35630-35638. [PMID: 28404944 PMCID: PMC5482604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine dependence is due to the overuse of methionine for aberrant transmethylation reactions in cancer. Methionine dependence may be the only general metabolic defect in cancer. In order to exploit methionine dependence for therapy, our laboratory previously cloned L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase [EC 4.4.1.11]). The cloned methioninase, termed recombinant methioninase, or rMETase, has been tested in mouse models of human cancer cell lines. Ewing's sarcoma is recalcitrant disease even though development of multimodal therapy has improved patients'outcome. Here we report efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The Ewing's sarcoma was implanted in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Eight Ewing's sarcoma PDOX mice were randomized into untreated control group (n = 4) and rMETase treatment group (n = 4). rMETase (100 units) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 24 hours for 14 consecutive days. All mice were sacrificed on day-15, 24 hours after the last rMETase administration. rMETase effectively reduced tumor growth compared to untreated control. The methionine level both of plasma and supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was lower in the rMETase group. Body weight did not significantly differ at any time points between the 2 groups. The present study is the first demonstrating rMETase efficacy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kawaguchi K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Targeting methionine with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) arrests a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma: implications for chronic clinical cancer therapy and prevention. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:356-361. [PMID: 29187018 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1405195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) use by cancer cells is termed MET dependence and may be the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intra-peritoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma. In the present study, we compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) for efficacy on the melanoma PDOX. Melanoma PDOX nude mice were randomized into four groups of 5 mice each: untreated control; ip-rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase (100 units, p.o., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase+ip-rMETase (100 units, p.o.+100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days). All treatments inhibited tumor growth on day 14 after treatment initiation, compared to untreated control (ip-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase+ip-rMETase, p<0.0001). o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase (p = 0.0086). o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either mono-therapy: ip-rMETase, p = 0.0005; or o-rMETase, p = 0.0367. The present study is the first demonstrating that o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent. The results of the present study indicate the potential of clinical development of o-rMETase as an agent for chronic cancer therapy and for cancer prevention and possibly for life extension since dietary MET reduction extends life span in many animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | | | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Recombinant methioninase in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) overcomes first-line DOX resistance in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft nude-mouse model of undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
32
|
Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Skobowiat C, Zmijewski MA, Kim TK, Janjetovic Z, Oak AS, Jozwicki W, Jetten AM, Mason RS, Elmets C, Li W, Hoffman RM, Tuckey RC. On the role of classical and novel forms of vitamin D in melanoma progression and management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:159-170. [PMID: 28676457 PMCID: PMC5748362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents a significant clinical problem affecting a large segment of the population with a relatively high incidence and mortality rate. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important etiological factor in malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma development. UVB, while being a full carcinogen in melanomagenesis, is also necessary for the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 (D3). Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and novel CYP11A1-derived hydroxyderivatives of D3 show anti-melanoma activities and protective properties against damage induced by UVB. The former activities include inhibitory effects on proliferation, plating efficiency and anchorage-independent growth of cultured human and rodent melanomas in vitro, as well as the in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by 20(OH)D3 after injection of human melanoma cells into immunodeficient mice. The literature indicates that low levels of 25(OH)D3 are associated with more advanced melanomas and reduced patient survivals, while single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor or the D3 binding protein gene affect development or progression of melanoma, or disease outcome. An inverse correlation of VDR and CYP27B1 expression with melanoma progression has been found, with low or undetectable levels of these proteins being associated with poor disease outcomes. Unexpectedly, increased expression of CYP24A1 was associated with better melanoma prognosis. In addition, decreased expression of retinoic acid orphan receptors α and γ, which can also bind vitamin D3 hydroxyderivatives, showed positive association with melanoma progression and shorter disease-free and overall survival. Thus, inadequate levels of biologically active forms of D3 and disturbances in expression of the target receptors, or D3 activating or inactivating enzymes, can affect melanomagenesis and disease progression. We therefore propose that inclusion of vitamin D into melanoma management should be beneficial for patients, at least as an adjuvant approach. The presence of multiple hydroxyderivatives of D3 in skin that show anti-melanoma activity in experimental models and which may act on alternative receptors, will be a future consideration when planning which forms of vitamin D to use for melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Allen S Oak
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wojciech Jozwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Bosch Institute & School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - We Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R is a highly effective general therapeutic for undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft nude-mouse models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1055-1061. [PMID: 29481803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) is a recalcitrant and heterogeneous subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma with high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Due to heterogeneity of USTS, there is no reliably effective first-line therapy. We have generated tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which previously showed strong efficacy on single patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of Ewing's sarcoma and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. In the present study, tumor resected from 4 patients with a biopsy-proven USTS (2 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma [UPS], 1 undifferentiated sarcoma not otherwise specified [NOS] and 1 undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma [USS]) were grown orthotopically in the biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish PDOX models. One USS model and one UPS model were doxorubicin (DOX) resistant. One UPS and the NOS model were partially sensitive to DOX. DOX is first-line therapy for these diseases. S. typhimurium A1-R arrested tumor growth all 4 models. In addition to arresting tumor growth in each case, S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more efficacious than DOX in each case, thereby surpassing first-line therapy. These results suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R can be a general therapeutic for USTS and possibly sarcoma in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Singh A, Unno M, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with temozolomide regresses malignant melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85929-85936. [PMID: 27835903 PMCID: PMC5349886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease in need of transformative therapuetics. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation to determine the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM) combined with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R. A melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two weeks after implantation, 40 PDOX nude mice were divided into 4 groups: G1, control without treatment (n = 10); G2, TEM (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); G4, TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days and 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, respectively, n = 10). Tumor sizes were measured with calipers twice a week. On day 14 from initiation of treatment, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p < 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001; TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.0004) alone or TEM alone (p = 0.0017). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R could regress the melanoma in the PDOX model and has important future clinical potential for melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide combined with irinotecan regresses a cisplatinum-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) precision-oncology mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7774-7781. [PMID: 29487690 PMCID: PMC5814257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed osteosarcoma is a recalcitrant tumor. A patient's cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma lung metastasis was previously established orthotopically in the distal femur of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In the present study, the PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); gemcitabine (GEM) (100 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with docetaxel (DOC) (20 mg/kg, i.p., once); temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 2 weeks) combined with irinotecan (IRN) (4 mg/kg i.p., daily for 2 weeks). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. After 2 weeks, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth except CDDP compared to the untreated control: CDDP: p = 0.093; GEM+DOC: p = 0.0002, TEM+IRN: p < 0.0001. TEM combined with IRN was significantly more effective than either CDDP (p = 0.0001) or GEM combined with DOC (p = 0.0003) and significantly regressed the tumor volume compared to day 0 (p = 0.003). Thus the PDOX model precisely identified the combination of TEM-IRN that could regress the CDDP-resistant relapsed metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irmina A. Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark A. Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kawaguchi K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Chemielwski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Intra-tumor L-methionine level highly correlates with tumor size in both pancreatic cancer and melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541401 PMCID: PMC5834286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET) for growth, termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer. We have previously shown that cancer-cell growth can be selectively arrested by MET restriction such as with recombinant methioninase (rMETase). In the present study, we utilized patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models with pancreatic cancer or melanoma to determine the relationship between intra-tumor MET level and tumor size. After the tumors grew to 100 mm3, the PDOX nude mice were divided into two groups: untreated control and treated with rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days). On day 14 from initiation of treatment, intra-tumor MET levels were measured and found to highly correlate with tumor volume, both in the pancreatic cancer PDOX (p<0.0001, R2=0.89016) and melanoma PDOX (p<0.0001, R2=0.88114). Tumors with low concentration of MET were smaller. The present results demonstrates that patient tumors are highly dependent on MET for growth and that rMETase effectively lowers tumor MET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chemielwski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brożyna AA, Aplin A, Cohen C, Carlson G, Page AJ, Murphy M, Slominski AT, Carlson JA. CKS1 expression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4173-4187. [PMID: 29423113 PMCID: PMC5790530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase subunit 1 (Cks1) regulates the degradation of p27, an important G1-S inhibitor, which is up regulated by MAPK pathway activation. In this study, we sought to determine whether Cks1 expression is increased in melanocytic tumors and correlates with outcome and/or other clinicopathologic prognostic markers. Cks1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 298 melanocytic lesions. The frequency and intensity of cytoplasmic and nuclear expression was scored as a labeling index and correlated with clinico-pathological data. Nuclear Cks1 protein was found in 63% of melanocytic nevi, 89% primary and 90% metastatic melanomas with mean labeling index of 7 ± 16, 19 ± 20, and 30 ± 29, respectively. While cytoplasmic Cks1 was found in 41% of melanocytic nevi, 84% primary and 95% metastatic melanomas with mean labeling index of 18 ± 34, 35 ± 34, and 52 ± 34, accordingly. Histologic stepwise model of tumor progression, defined as progression from benign nevi to primary melanomas, to melanoma metastases, revealed a significant increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic Cks1 expression with tumor progression. Nuclear and cytoplasmic Cks1 expression correlated with the presence of ulceration, increased mitotic rate, Breslow depth, Clark level, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and gender. However, other well-known prognostic factors (age, anatomic site, and regression) did not correlate with any type of Cks1 expression. Similarly, increasing nuclear expression of Cks1 significantly correlated with worse overall survival. Thus, Cks1 expression appears to play a role in the progression of melanoma, where high levels of expression are associated with poor outcome. Cytoplasmic expression of Cks1 might represent high turnover of protein via the ubiquination/proteosome pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Andrew Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, BLSB 524, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Grant Carlson
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew Joseph Page
- Pancreas, Liver, and Cancer Surgery, Piedmont Healthcare, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Andrew Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College MC-81, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Growth of doxorubicin-resistant undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma PDOX is arrested by metabolic targeting with recombinant methioninase. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3537-3544. [PMID: 29143983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant -cancer in need of individualized therapy. A high-grade USCS from a striated muscle of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In a previous study, we evaluated the efficacy of standard first-line chemotherapy of doxorubicin (DOX), gemcitabine (GEM) combined with docetaxel (DOC), compared to pazopanib (PAZ), a multi-targeting tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, in an USCS PDOX model. In the present study, mice-bearing the USCS PDOX tumors were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3 : G1, untreated control without treatment; G2, DOX (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase (recombinant methioninase [rMETase]) (100 U/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. The methionine level of supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was also measured. rMETase inhibited tumor growth, measured by tumor volume, compared to untreated controls and the DOX-treated group on day 14 after initiation of treatment: control (G1): 347.6 ± 88 mm3 ; DOX (G2): 329.5 ± 79 mm3 , P = 0.670; rMETase (G3): 162.6 ± 51 mm3 , P = 0.0003. The mouse body weight of the treated mice was not significantly different from the untreated controls. Tumor L-methionine levels were reduced after the rMETase-treatment compared to untreated control and pre-rMETase treatment. We previously reported efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma and melanoma in a PDOX models. These studies suggest clinical development of rMETase, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is an effective therapeutic for BRAF-V600E-negative as well as -positive melanoma in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:915-923. [PMID: 29416666 PMCID: PMC5787523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease. Melanoma patients with the BRAF-V600E mutation have been treated with the drug vemurafenib (VEM) which targets this mutation. However, we previously showed that VEM is not very effective against a BRAF-V600E melanoma mutant in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In contrast, we demonstrated that recombinant methioninase (rMETase) which targets the general metabolic defect in cancer of methionine dependence, was effective against the BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma PDOX model. In the present study, we demonstrate that rMETase is effective against a BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX which we established. Forty BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); TEM + rMETase (TEM: 25 mg/kg, p.o., rMETase: 100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10). All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p = 0.0003, rMETase: p = 0.0006, TEM/rMETase: p = 0.0002) on day 14 after initiation. Combination therapy of TEM and rMETase was significantly more effective than either mono-therapy (TEM: p = 0.0113, rMETase: p = 0.0173). The present study shows that TEM combined with rMETase is effective for BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma PDOX similar to the BRAF-V600E-positive mutation melanoma. These results suggest rMETase in combination with first-line chemotherapy can be highly effective in both BRAF-V600E-negative as well as BRAF-V600E-positive melanoma and has clinical potential for this recalcitrant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jun E, Hong SM, Yoo HJ, Kim MB, Won JS, An S, Shim IK, Chang S, Hoffman RM, Kim SC. Genetic and metabolic comparison of orthotopic and heterotopic patient-derived pancreatic-cancer xenografts to the original patient tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7867-7881. [PMID: 29487698 PMCID: PMC5814265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors from 25 patients with pancreatic cancer were used to establish two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: orthotopic PDX (PDOX) and heterotopic (subcutaneous) PDX (PDHX). We compared gene expression by immunohistochemistry, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), DNA methylation, and metabolite levels. The 4 cases, of the total of 13 in which simultaneous PDHX & PDOX models were established, were randomly selected. The molecular-genetic characteristics of the patient's tumor were well maintained in the two PDX models. SNP analysis demonstrated that both groups were more than 90% identical to the original patient's tumor, and there was little difference between the two models. DNA methylation of most genes was similar among the two models and the original patients tumor, but some gene sets were hypermethylated the in PDOX model and hypomethylated in the PDHX model. Most of the metabolites had a similar pattern to those of the original patient tumor in both PDX tumor models, but some metabolites were more prominent in the PDOX and PDHX models. This is the first simultaneous molecular-genetic and metabolite comparison of patient tumors and their tumors established in PDOX and PDHX models. The results indicate high fidelity of these critical properties of the patient tumors in the two models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsung Jun
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Bo Kim
- MetaBio Inc., Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Sun Won
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon An
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyong Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kanaya F, Singh A, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Analysis of Stroma Labeling During Multiple Passage of a Sarcoma Imageable Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (iPDOX) in Red Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Nude Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3367-3371. [PMID: 28300287 PMCID: PMC5550328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) was previously established that acquired red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing stroma by growth in an RFP transgenic nude mouse. In the present study, an imageable PDOX model (iPDOX) of UPS was established by orthotopic implantation in the biceps femoris of transgenic RFP nude mice. After the tumors grew to a diameter of 10 mm, they were harvested and the brightest portion of the tumors were subsequently orthotopically transplanted to both RFP and non-colored nude mice. The UPS PDOX tumor was again transplanted to RFP transgenic and non-colored nude mice, and finally a 3rd passage was made in the same manner. Five UPS tumors from each passage in both RFP and non-colored mouse models were harvested. The FV1,000 confocal microscope was used to visualize and quantitate the RFP area of the resected tumors. The average percent fluorescent area in the first passage of RFP mice was 34 ± 22%; in the second passage, 34 ± 20%; and 36 ± 11% in the third passage of RFP transgenic nude mice. The average tumor RFP area in the first passage from RFP mice to non-colored mice was 20 ± 7%; in the second passage, 28 ± 11%; in the third passage was 27 ± 13%. The present results demonstrate the extensive and stable acquisition of stroma by the UPS-tumor growing orthotopically in transgenic RFP nude mice (iPDOX). This model can be used for screening for effective drugs for individual patients and drug discovery. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3367-3371, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miyake K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li Y, Singh AS, Dry SM, Eckardt MA, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Eribulin regresses a doxorubicin‐resistant Ewing's sarcoma with a
FUS‐ERG
fusion and
CDKN2A‐
deletion in a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:967-972. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Mark A. Eckardt
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Characterization of a new pathway that activates lumisterol in vivo to biologically active hydroxylumisterols. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11434. [PMID: 28900196 PMCID: PMC5595834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using LC/qTOF-MS we detected lumisterol, 20-hydroxylumisterol, 22-hydroxylumisterol, 24-hydroxylumisterol, 20,22-dihydroxylumisterol, pregnalumisterol, 17-hydroxypregnalumisterol and 17,20-dihydroxypregnalumisterol in human serum and epidermis, and the porcine adrenal gland. The hydroxylumisterols inhibited proliferation of human skin cells in a cell type-dependent fashion with predominant effects on epidermal keratinocytes. They also inhibited melanoma proliferation in both monolayer and soft agar. 20-Hydroxylumisterol stimulated the expression of several genes, including those associated with keratinocyte differentiation and antioxidative responses, while inhibiting the expression of others including RORA and RORC. Molecular modeling and studies on VDRE-transcriptional activity excludes action through the genomic site of the VDR. However, their favorable interactions with the A-pocket in conjunction with VDR translocation studies suggest they may act on this non-genomic VDR site. Inhibition of RORα and RORγ transactivation activities in a Tet-on CHO cell reporter system, RORα co-activator assays and inhibition of (RORE)-LUC reporter activity in skin cells, in conjunction with molecular modeling, identified RORα and RORγ as excellent receptor candidates for the hydroxylumisterols. Thus, we have discovered a new biologically relevant, lumisterogenic pathway, the metabolites of which display biological activity. This opens a new area of endocrine research on the effects of the hydroxylumisterols on different pathways in different cells and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
44
|
The combination of temozolomide-irinotecan regresses a doxorubicin-resistant patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of recurrent Ewing's sarcoma with a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion: Direction for third-line patient therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103129-103136. [PMID: 29262551 PMCID: PMC5732717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of a doxorubicin-resistant metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma, with a unique combination of a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion, to identify effective drugs for third-line chemotherapy of the patient. Our previous study showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitors were effective on the Ewing’s sarcoma PDOX, but not doxorubicin, similar to the patient’s resistance to doxorubicin. The results of the previous PDOX study were successfully used for second-line therapy of the patiend. In the present study, the PDOX mice established with the Ewing’s sarcoma in the right chest wall were randomized into 5 groups when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: untreated control; gemcitabine combined with docetaxel (intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); irinotecan combined with temozolomide (irinotecan: i.p. injection; temozolomide: oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); pazopanib (oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); yondelis (intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed 2 times per week. Tumor weight was measured after sacrifice. Irinotecan combined with temozolomide was the most effective regimen compared to the untreated control group (p=0.022). Gemcitabine combined with docetaxel was also effective (p=0.026). Pazopanib and yondelis did not have significant efficacy compared to the untreated control (p=0.130, p=0.818). These results could be obtained within two months after the physician’s request and were used for third-line therapy of the patient.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hoffman RM. Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Models of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091875. [PMID: 28858204 PMCID: PMC5618524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a recalcitrant tumor. Although “targeted” and immune therapies have been highly touted, only relatively few patients have had durable responses. To overcome this problem, our laboratory has established the melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model with the use of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Promising results have been obtained with regard to identifying effective approved agents and experimental therapeutics, as well as combinations of the two using the melanoma PDOX model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Combination treatment with recombinant methioninase enables temozolomide to arrest a BRAF V600E melanoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85516-85525. [PMID: 29156737 PMCID: PMC5689627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine termed methionine dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer. We have previously shown that cancer-cell growth can be selectively arrested by methionine deprivation such as with recombinant methioninase (rMETase). The present study used a previously-established patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma to determine the efficacy of rMETase in combination with a first-line melanoma drug, temozolomide (TEM). In the present study 40 melanoma PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n=10); TEM (25 mg/kg, oral 14 consecutive days, n=10); rMETase (100 units, intraperitoneal 14 consecutive days, n=10); combination TEM + rMETase (TEM: 25 mg/kg, oral rMETase: 100 units, intraperitoneal 14 consecutive days, n=10). All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p=0.0081, rMETase: p=0.0037, TEM-rMETase: p=0.0024) on day 14 after initiation. However, the combination therapy of TEM and rMETase was significantly more efficacious than either mono-therapy (TEM: p=0.0051, rMETase: p=0.0051). The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of rMETase combination therapy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as melanoma, where rMETase may enhance first-line therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Hwang HK, Miyake K, Homma Y, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Ichikawa Y, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R Promotes Tumoricidal CD8 + T Cell Tumor Infiltration and Arrests Growth and Metastasis in a Syngeneic Pancreatic-Cancer Orthotopic Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28628234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study determined the effect of the tumor-targeting strain Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a syngeneic pancreatic-cancer orthotopic mouse model. The effect of tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R on CD8+ TILs was determined on the Pan02 murine pancreatic-adenocarcinoma implanted orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of C57BL/6 immunocompromised mice. Three weeks after orthotopic implantation, mice were randomized as follows G1: untreated control group (n = 8); and G2: S. typhimurium A1-R-treatment group (n = 8, 1 × 107 colony forming units [CFU]/body, iv, weekly, 3 weeks). On the 22nd day from initial treatment, all mice were sacrificed and tumors were harvested. The tumor-volume ratio was defined as ratio of tumor volume on the 22nd day relative to the 1st day. The tumor volume ratio was significantly lower in the S. typhimurium A1-R-treated group (G2) (3.0 ± 2.8) than the untreated control (G1) (39.9 ± 30.7, P < 0.01). Hematoxylin and easin (H&E) staining on tumor sections was performed to evaluate tumor destruction which was classified according to the Evans grading system and found to be much greater in the S. typhimurium A1-R-treated mice (G2). Six mice in G1 had peritoneal dissemination, whereas no mice showed peritoneal dissemination in G2 (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-mouse CD8+ antibody was performed in order to detect TILs determined by calculating the average number of CD8+ cells in three high power fields (200×) in the treated and untreated tumors. The TIL score was significantly higher in G2 (133.5 ± 32.2) than G1 (45.1 ± 19.4, P < 0.001). The present study demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R promotes CD8+ T cell infiltration and inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 634-639, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Murakami T, Elliott IA, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Li Y, Crompton JG, Graham DS, Dry SM, Bernthal N, Yanagawa J, Kalbasi A, Federman N, Chmielowski B, Singh AS, Hoffman RM, Eilber FC. Clinical Factors That Affect the Establishment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenografts: A University of California, Los Angeles, Sarcoma Program Prospective Clinical Trial. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 2017. [PMID: 30613825 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the diverse and aggressive nature of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), a need exists for more-precise therapy. Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs) provide a unique platform for personalized treatment. Thus, identification of patient and treatment factors that predict PDOX establishment is important. This study assessed the feasibility of incorporating PDOXs into the clinical setting and identifying factors associated with PDOX establishment. Patients and Methods From May 2015 to May 2016, 107 patients with biopsy-proven or potential STS were enrolled. Tumor samples were obtained intraoperatively and orthotopically implanted into nude mice in the corresponding anatomic location. PDOXs were considered established after engraftment and serial passage. Factors associated with establishment were analyzed by logistic regression and time to establishment by time-to-event analysis. Results Only high-grade tumors established (32 of 72 [44.4%]). The establishment rate (ER) varied by neoadjuvant therapy and treatment response, with the highest ER among untreated high-grade tumors (26 of 42 [61.9%]). Tumors exposed to radiation preoperatively did not establish (zero of 11 [0%]), and tumors exposed to neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a lower ER(31.9%) than untreated tumors. Only STSs with minimal pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment (≤ 30%) established a PDOX (six of 18 [33.3%]). Median establishment time was 54 days, which varied by neoadjuvant therapy but was not statistically significant (P = .180). Conclusion To our knowledge, in the largest STS PDOX study to date, we demonstrate a 62% ER among untreated high-grade tumors with a median establishment time of 54 days. Neoadjuvant therapy, particularly radiation, and pathologic response to treatment were associated with a reduced rate of PDOX establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Russell
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Yungfeng Li
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Joseph G Crompton
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Danielle S Graham
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Noah Federman
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Tara A. Russell, Irmina A. Elliott, Yungfeng Li, Joseph G. Crompton, Danielle S. Graham, Sarah M. Dry, Nicholas Bernthal, Jane Yanagawa, Anusha Kalbasi, Noah Federman, Bartosz Chmielowski, Arun S. Singh, and Fritz C. Eilber, University of California, Los Angeles; Tara A. Russell, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research & Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, CA; Mark A. Eckardt, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, AntiCancer; and Takashi Murakami, Kei Kawaguchi, Tasuku Kiyuna, Kentaro Igarashi, and Robert M. Hoffman, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Zhang Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Tsuchiya H, Elliott I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of a cisplatinum-resistant osteosarcoma lung metastasis that was sensitive to temozolomide and trabectedin: implications for precision oncology. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62111-62119. [PMID: 28977930 PMCID: PMC5617490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared to cisplatinum (CDDP) on a patient-derived orthotopic xenogrraft (PDOX) of a lung-metastasis from an osteosarcoma of a patient who failed CDDP therapy. Osteosarcoma resected from the patient was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice to establish PDOX models which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, TRAB (0.15 mg/kg, intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G4, TEM (25 mg/kg, oral, daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance, respectively, twice a week. On day 14 after initiation of treatment, TEM and TRAB, but not CDDP, significantly inhibited tumor volume compared to untreated control: control (G1): 814.5±258.8 mm3; CDDP (G2): 608.6±126.9 mm3; TRAB (G3): 286.6±133.0 mm3; TEM (G4): 182.9±69.1 mm3. CDDP vs. control, p=0.07; TRAB vs. control, p=0.0004; TEM vs. control p =0.0002; TRAB vs. CDDP, p =0.0002; TEM vs. CDDP, p =0.00003. The results of the present study show that a PDOX model of an osteosarcoma lung-metastasis that recurred after adjuvant CDDP-treatment has identified potentially, highly-effective drugs for this recalcitrant disease, while accurately maintaining the CDDP resistance of the tumor in the patient, thereby demonstrating the potential of the osteosarcoma PDOX model for precision oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Miwa S, Odani A, Eilber FC, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. A novel anionic-phosphate-platinum complex effectively targets an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma better than cisplatinum and doxorubicin in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2017; 8:63353-63359. [PMID: 28968995 PMCID: PMC5609927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma (UPS) from a striated muscle was previously orthotopically implanted in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. In the present study, two weeks after orthotopic transplantation of the UPS, mice were treated intraperitoneally with cisplatinum (CDDP), doxorubicin (DOX) or a novel anionic-phosphate-platinum compound 3Pt. Treatments were repeated weekly for a total of 3 times. Six weeks after transplantation, all mice were sacrificed and evaluated. After two weeks treatment, tumor sizes were as follows: control (G1): 2208.3 mm3; CDDP (G2): 841.8±3 mm3, p=0.0001; DOX (G3): 693.1±3 mm3, p=6.56E-7; 3Pt (G4): 333.7±1 mm3, p=4.8E-8. 3Pt showed significantly more efficacy compared to other therapy drugs tested: CDDP (p=0.0002), DOX (p=0.001). There were no animal deaths in any of the four groups. The present results suggest 3Pt is a promising new candidate for UPS since it was demonstrated to be effective in a PDOX model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|