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Bennion KB, Liu D, Dawood AS, Wyatt MM, Alexander KL, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Paulos CM, Ford ML. CD8 + T cell-derived Fgl2 regulates immunity in a cell-autonomous manner via ligation of FcγRIIB. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5280. [PMID: 38902261 PMCID: PMC11190225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulatory circuits dictating CD8+ T cell responsiveness versus exhaustion during anti-tumor immunity are incompletely understood. Here we report that tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific PD-1+ TCF-1- CD8+ T cells express the immunosuppressive cytokine Fgl2. Conditional deletion of Fgl2 specifically in mouse antigen-specific CD8+ T cells prolongs CD8+ T cell persistence, suppresses phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures of T cell exhaustion, and improves control of the tumor. In a mouse model of chronic viral infection, PD-1+ CD8+ T cell-derived Fgl2 also negatively regulates virus-specific T cell responses. In humans, CD8+ T cell-derived Fgl2 is associated with poorer survival in patients with melanoma. Mechanistically, the dampened responsiveness of WT Fgl2-expressing CD8+ T cells, when compared to Fgl2-deficient CD8+ T cells, is underpinned by the cell-intrinsic interaction of Fgl2 with CD8+ T cell-expressed FcγRIIB and concomitant caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis. Our results thus illuminate a cell-autonomous regulatory axis by which PD-1+ CD8+ T cells both express the receptor and secrete its ligand in order to mediate suppression of anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey B Bennion
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abdelhameed S Dawood
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie L Alexander
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hakeem
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis PhD Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Chen J, Wu L, Li Y. FGL1 and FGL2: emerging regulators of liver health and disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38816776 PMCID: PMC11141035 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a complex group of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates, emerging as a major global health concern. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of fibrinogen-like proteins, specifically fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) and fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), in the regulation of various liver diseases. FGL1 plays a crucial role in promoting hepatocyte growth, regulating lipid metabolism, and influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing significantly to liver repair, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. On the other hand, FGL2 is a multifunctional protein known for its role in modulating prothrombin activity and inducing immune tolerance, impacting viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. Understanding the functions and mechanisms of fibrinogen-like proteins is essential for the development of effective therapeutic approaches for liver diseases. Additionally, FGL1 has demonstrated potential as a disease biomarker in radiation and drug-induced liver injury as well as HCC, while FGL2 shows promise as a biomarker in viral hepatitis and liver transplantation. The expression levels of these molecules offer exciting prospects for disease assessment. This review provides an overview of the structure and roles of FGL1 and FGL2 in different liver conditions, emphasizing the intricate molecular regulatory processes and advancements in targeted therapies. Furthermore, it explores the potential benefits and challenges of targeting FGL1 and FGL2 for liver disease treatment and the prospects of fibrinogen-like proteins as biomarkers for liver disease, offering insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Chen
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Hu Y, Ding J, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Hua H, Ye X. Soluble Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Downregulation and Th17/Treg Imbalance in a Taurocholate-Induced Murine Experimental Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25076. [PMID: 38853390 PMCID: PMC11211668 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with tremendous systemic inflammation, T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in the inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Sfgl2) is a critical immunosuppressive effector cytokine of Treg cells and modulates immune responses. However, the impact of SAP induction on Sfgl2 expression and the role of Sfgl2 in immunomodulation under SAP conditions are largely unknown. METHODS A taurocholate-induced mouse SAP model was established. The ratios of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells or CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells in blood and pancreatic tissues as well as surface expression of CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) were determined by flow cytometry. Gene mRNA expression was determined by qPCR. Serum amylase and soluble factors were quantitated by commercial kits. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were generated, and NF-κB/p65 translocation was measured by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS SAP induction in mice decreased the Th17/Treg ratio in the pancreatic tissue and increased the Th17/Treg ratio in the peripheral blood. In addition, SAP was associated with a reduced level of Sfgl2 in the pancreatic tissue and blood: higher levels of serum IL-17, IL-2, IFN-α, and TNF-α, and lower levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, the SAP-induced reduction in Sfgl2 expression was accompanied by dysregulated maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs. CONCLUSIONS SAP causes reduced Sfgl2 expression and Th17/Treg imbalance, thus providing critical insights for the development of Sfgl2- and Th17/Treg balance-targeted immunotherapies for patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Hongjun Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhuaZhejiangChina
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Ji W, Wang W, Li P, Liu Y, Zhang B, Qi F. sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs regulate the differentiation of CD4 + T cells in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:316. [PMID: 37924141 PMCID: PMC10625288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune liver disease that can lead to liver injury and has a poor long-term prognosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive effects and can treat AIH. CD4+ T cells express the unique inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIB), which is the only receptor for the immunosuppressive factor soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFgl2). This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs (sFgl2-MSCs) on AIH. METHODS MSCs were obtained from the inguinal fat of mice and cocultured with CD4+ T cells sorted from mouse spleens. FcγRIIB expression on CD4+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. sFgl2 expression in MSCs transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying the Fgl2 gene and a green fluorescent protein-encoding sequence was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentages of Th1 cells Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were determined by flow cytometry And the levels of p-SHP2 and p-SMAD2/3 were detected by Western blotting after the cells were cocultured with MSCs for 72 h. After locating MSCs by in vivo imaging Con A-induced experimental AIH mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and administered different treatments. After 24 h histopathological scores liver function and cytokine levels were examined and the proportions of CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells Tregs Th17 cells and Th1 cells in the spleen and liver were determined by flow cytometry. In addition immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the liver infiltration of T-bet-, Foxp3- and RORγ-positive cells. RESULTS FcγRIIB expression on CD4+ T cells was upregulated after coculture with MSCs. After coculture with sFgl2-MSCs, the proportion of Tregs among CD4+ T cells increased, the proportion of Th17 and Th1 cells decreased, and the levels of p-SHP2 and p-SMAD2/3 increased. In vivo, sFgl2-MSCs significantly improved liver function, decreased liver necrosis area, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression, increased IL-10 expression, reduced liver infiltration of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, increased the proportion of Tregs and reduced the proportions of Th17 and Th1 cells in mice. CONCLUSION By promoting Tregs differentiation and inhibiting Th17 and Th1 cell differentiation, sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs have a more powerful therapeutic effect on Con A-induced experimental AIH and may represent a strategy for the clinical treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Baodi Clinical College, Guangchuan Road, Baodi, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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5
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Fu L, Liu Z, Liu Y. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 in inflammatory diseases: A future therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109799. [PMID: 36764282 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a member of the fibrinogen family, exists as a membrane-bound protein with immune-associated coagulation activity and a soluble form possessing immunosuppressive functions. The immunomodulatory role of FGL2 is evident in fibrin deposition-associated inflammatory diseases and cancer, suggesting that FGL2 expression could be exploited as a disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Recently, in vitro studies and knockout and transgenic animal FGL2 models have been used by us and others to reveal the involvement of FGL2 in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the immunomodulatory role of FGL2 in inflammatory diseases and examines the role of FGL2 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Expression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2) on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression in autoimmune myelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109539. [PMID: 36508913 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) can participate in the signal transduction of activated immune cells and induce myelitis and other autoimmune diseases. The effector molecule fibrin-like protein 2 (Fgl2) plays a role in regulating the body's autoimmune signaling pathway. They both have the conditions for the treatment of this disease target. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of Fgl2 on the expression of DNA receptor TLR9 in autoimmune myelitis. 140 rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, an autoimmune myelitis group, a low-dose Fgl2 group, a middle-dose Fgl2 group, a higher-dose Fgl2 group, a high-dose Fgl2 group, and a methylprednisolone group. Different injection methods were used in each group. The changes of rat behavior and disease were recorded, and brain and spinal cord tissue slices were made for observation. The results showed that in the high dose Fgl2 group, the incidence of disease was 15 %, the nerve injury score was 1.0 ± 0.15, the body weight change was -5.8 ± 1.24 g, the number of spinal cord tissue injury was 1.82 ± 0.44, the number of TLR9 positive cells in the brain tissue was 7.53 ± 1.84, and the number of TLR9 positive cells in spinal cord tissue was 5.02 ± 1.81. These indexes were lower than those in other Fgl2 groups and significantly lower than those in autoimmune myelitis group (P < 0.05). The average incubation period of the disease was 13.66 ± 0.41 days, which was significantly higher than that of the autoimmune myelitis group (P < 0.05). It can be observed that TLR9 signaling pathway played an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune myelitis. With the increase of Fgl2 dose, the number of TLR9 positive cells decreased gradually. Fgl2 treatment can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors and the severity of dysfunction in autoimmune myelitis, inhibit the expression of TLR9, and improve the condition of autoimmune myelitis.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Sulimai NH, Brown J, Lominadze D. Fibrinogen, Fibrinogen-like 1 and Fibrinogen-like 2 Proteins, and Their Effects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071712. [PMID: 35885017 PMCID: PMC9313381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) and its derivatives play a considerable role in many diseases. For example, increased levels of Fg have been found in many inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer. Although associations of Fg, Fg chains, and its derivatives with various diseases have been established, their specific effects and the mechanisms of actions involved are still unclear. The present review is the first attempt to discuss the role of Fg, Fg chains, its derivatives, and other members of Fg family proteins, such as Fg-like protein 1 and 2, in inflammatory diseases and their effects in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul H. Sulimai
- Departments of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jason Brown
- Departments of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - David Lominadze
- Departments of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.H.S.); (J.B.)
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen Q, Xie M, Liu H, Dent AL. Development of allergen-specific IgE in a food-allergy model requires precisely timed B cell stimulation and is inhibited by Fgl2. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110990. [PMID: 35767958 PMCID: PMC9271337 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses are a central feature of allergic disease. Using a well-established food-allergy model in mice, we show that two sensitizations with cognate B cell antigen (Ag) and adjuvant 7 days apart promotes optimal development of IgE+ germinal center (GC) B cells and high-affinity IgE production. Intervals of 3 or 14 days between Ag sensitizations lead to loss of IgE+ GC B cells and an undetectable IgE response. The immunosuppressive factors Fgl2 and CD39 are down-regulated in T follicular helper (TFH) cells under optimal IgE-sensitization conditions. Deletion of Fgl2 in TFH and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, but not from TFR cells alone, increase Ag-specific IgE levels and IgE-mediated anaphylactic responses. Overall, we find that Ag-specific IgE responses require precisely timed stimulation of IgE+ GC B cells by Ag. Furthermore, we show that Fgl2 is expressed by TFH cells and represses IgE. This work has implications for the development and treatment of food allergies. Using a mouse food-allergy model, Chen et al. find that allergen-specific IgE responses require precisely timed stimulation of IgE+ germinal center B cells. The authors further show that Fgl2 expressed by T follicular helper cells represses IgE. This work has implications for the development and treatment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Markus Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Improve Allotransplantation Outcome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092325. [PMID: 34571974 PMCID: PMC8469056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are tissue-derived progenitor cells with immunomodulatory as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, and have been widely applied as cellular therapeutics in different disease systems in both preclinical models and clinical studies. Although many studies have applied MSCs in different types of allotransplantation, the efficacy varies. It has been demonstrated that preconditioning MSCs prior to in vivo administration may enhance their efficacy. In the field of organ/tissue allotransplantation, many recent studies have shown that preconditioning of MSCs with (1) pretreatment with bioactive factors or reagents such as cytokines, or (2) specific gene transfection, could prolong allotransplant survival and improve allotransplant function. Herein, we review these preconditioning strategies and discuss potential directions for further improvement.
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Maadi H, Soheilifar MH, Choi WS, Moshtaghian A, Wang Z. Trastuzumab Mechanism of Action; 20 Years of Research to Unravel a Dilemma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143540. [PMID: 34298754 PMCID: PMC8303665 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab as a first HER2-targeted therapy for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients was introduced in 1998. Although trastuzumab has opened a new avenue to treat patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and other types of cancer, some patients are not responsive or become resistant to this treatment. So far, several mechanisms have been suggested for the mode of action of trastuzumab; however, the findings regarding these mechanisms are controversial. In this review, we aimed to provide a detailed insight into the various mechanisms of action of trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1315795613, Iran;
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (H.M.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Abdolvahab Moshtaghian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741695447, Iran;
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799442, Iran
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal, Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Targeting FGL2, a molecular drug target for glioblastoma, with natural compounds through virtual screening method. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:805-816. [PMID: 33821685 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibroleukin-2 protein (FGL2) causes redevelopment of brain tumors. Inhibition of these proteins has shown to improve glioblastoma prognosis and treatment efficacy. Aim: The current study gathered recently exploited natural compounds that suppress glioblastoma proliferation in vitro, tested against FGL2 protein. Method: Twenty-five compounds were explored through a virtual screening platform. Results: Three natural compounds (betanine, hesperetin and ovatodiolide) hit the active site of FGL2. Furthermore, the influence of these compounds was also assessed using in silico gene expression, and ADMET tools showed downregulation of some genes, which caused rapid tumor development while possessing a moderate acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile. Conclusion: Our study presents three compounds that are good candidates for evaluation in FGL2 mutated glioblastoma animal models.
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13
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Yu J, Li J, Shen J, Du F, Wu X, Li M, Chen Y, Cho CH, Li X, Xiao Z, Zhao Y. The role of Fibrinogen-like proteins in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1079-1087. [PMID: 33867830 PMCID: PMC8040309 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen-associated protein (FREP) family is a family of proteins with a fibrin domain at the carboxyl terminus. Recent investigations illustrated that two members of FREP family, fibrinogen-like protein-1 (FGL1) and fibrinogen-like protein-2 (FGL2), play crucial roles in cancer by regulating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells, or regulating the functions of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, they are potential targets for medical intervention of tumor development. In this review, we discussed the structure, and the roles of FGL1 and FGL2 in tumors, especially the roles in regulating immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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14
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Oangkhana P, Amparyup P, Tassanakajon A, Preetham E, Wongpanya R. Characterization and functional analysis of fibrinogen-related protein (FreP) in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:87-96. [PMID: 33359206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ficolin is classified as an immune related protein containing collagen-like and fibrinogen-related domain (FreD). In invertebrates, the functions of fibrinogen-related proteins (FrePs) are of importance to innate immunity. In this study, a FreP in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was identified and characterized. The PmFreP cDNA is 1,007 bp long with a 921 bp-open reading frame that encodes for 306 amino acids. The deduced PmFreP sequence consists of a signal peptide, an unknown region and the FreD. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PmFreP was clustered with fibrinogen-like proteins in crustaceans which was separated from vertebrate ficolin-like proteins. The deduced fibrinogen-like domain contains four conserved cysteine residues (Cys96, Cys127, Cys249, and Cys262) that are responsible for the formation of disulfide bridges. Gene expression analysis shows that Pmfrep is mainly expressed in the intestine and the expression is significantly upregulated after Vibrio harveyi and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. Recombinant PmFreP (rPmFreP) were successfully expressed and purified, and forms a trimeric structure as judged by native-PAGE. Bacterial binding assay showed that the rPmFreD can bind and agglutinate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the presence of calcium (Ca2+) ions. Moreover, the rPmFreP facilitates the clearance of V. harveyi in vivo. Overall, our results suggested that the PmFreP may serve as pattern recognition receptors implicated in shrimp innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawit Oangkhana
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand.
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Elumalai Preetham
- School of Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India.
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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15
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Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. The role of the tyrosine kinase Lyn in allergy and cancer. Mol Immunol 2021; 131:121-126. [PMID: 33419562 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With worsening air pollution brought by global social development, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in the past few decades. The novel Lck/yes-related protein tyrosine kinase (Lyn) belongs to the Src kinase family (SFK) and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, tumor, and allergy. This signaling molecule is vital in the IgE/FcεRI signaling pathway that regulates allergy. The Lyn-FcεRIβ interaction is essential for mast cell activation. The signaling pathway of Lyn has become the focus of immune, inflammatory, tumor, and allergy research. This molecule has positive and negative regulatory effects, which have attracted researchers' attention. This paper reviews the basic characteristics of Lyn and its regulatory mechanism and role in tumor and other diseases, specifically in allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Technology Transfer Center, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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16
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Feng Y, Guo C, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang W, Wang T, Feng Y, Yuan K, Huang G. Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 (FGL2) is a Novel Biomarker for Clinical Prediction of Human Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923531. [PMID: 32716910 PMCID: PMC7409386 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is a member of the fibrinogen-like protein family and possesses important regulatory functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses. FGL2 is overexpressed in glioma, and its expression level is negatively associated with the prognosis of glioma patients. However, the diagnostic value of FGL2 is unknown in breast carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS We comprehensively analyzed the expression pattern of FGL2 in breast cancer. Several online databases - TCGA, Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and PrognoScan - were used in this study. RESULTS Based on the TCGA dataset and Oncomine database, we found that the expression level of FGL2 was remarkably lower in breast cancer compared with adjacent normal tissues. Clinical data showed that the expression level of FGL2 was significantly associated with radiation therapy, PR status, and tumor stage. Bioinformatics analysis of the GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and PrognoScan databases showed that lower FGL2 expression levels were associated with a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the expression level of FGL2 was positively correlated with the immune cell infiltrations in breast cancer, especially those cells with high antitumor activities. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses also validated that FGL2 was closely related to genes involved in the immune response, signal transduction, and T cell receptor signaling pathway in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that high expression of FGL2 is a useful marker for breast cancer treatment and appears to be correlated with enhanced antitumor activities in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Feng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyin Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Genomic characterization of Chinese ovarian clear cell carcinoma identifies driver genes by whole exome sequencing. Neoplasia 2020; 22:399-430. [PMID: 32650224 PMCID: PMC7341065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic alterations characteristic of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Our aim was to identify targetable genomic alterations in this type of cancer. Forty-two OCCC formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES), and 74 FFPE tissue samples underwent targeted sequencing (TS) to confirm the relevant driver mutations. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assays. In the 42 samples, ARID1A (64.3%) and PIK3CA (28.5%) were frequently mutated, as were PPP2R1A (11.9%), PTEN (7.1%) and KRAS (4.8%), which have been reported in previous OCCC studies. We also detected mutations in MUC4 (28.6%), MAGEE1 (19%), and ARID3A (16.7%); associations with these genes have not been previously reported. The functional protein-activated pathways were associated with proliferation and survival (including the PI3K/AKT, TP53, and ERBB2 pathways) in 83% of OCCCs and with chromatin remodeling in 71% of OCCCs. Patients with alterations in MAGEE1 (64% in the targeted sequencing cohort) had worse clinical outcomes (log-rank p < 0.05). A functional study revealed that two MAGEE1 mutants, one lacking two MAGE domains and the other containing two MAGE domains, significantly decreased the proliferative capacity of OCCC cells. We successfully identified novel genetic alterations in OCCC using whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing of OCCC patient samples and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this malignancy.
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18
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Bao Z, Li J, Zhang P, Pan Q, Liu B, Zhu J, Jian Q, Jia D, Yi C, Moeller CJ, Liu H. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activator Preconditioning Enhances Modulatory Function of Adipose‑Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Fully MHC-Mismatched Murine Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation. Ann Transplant 2020; 25:e921287. [PMID: 32366814 PMCID: PMC7219555 DOI: 10.12659/aot.921287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Donor-specific tolerance is the ultimate goal in organ transplantation. Diverse approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been investigated to induce graft tolerance. Non-stimulated MSCs showed limited regulatory functions through interaction with multiple immune-regulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). To augment their functions, MSCs have been preconditioned with toll-like receptor (TLR3/4) agonist in autoimmune disease models, but results were conflicting. Material/Methods We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) preconditioned with various combinations of TLR3/4 agonist and antagonists, including polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid poly(I:C)-TLR3 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -TLR4 agonist, and TAK242-TLR4 antagonist. In vitro and in vivo experiments including mixed lymphocyte reaction, cytokines measurement, Tregs analysis, and a fully mismatched MHC heterotopic heart transplantation in mice (BALB/c to C57BL/6) were conducted. Results ADSCs preconditioned with poly(I:C) showed the highest efficiency in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation, which was correlated with the upregulation of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), an effector molecule of Tregs. The mean survival of cardiac allografts was extended from 8 to 12 days by intravenous injection of a single dose of ADSCs preconditioned with TLR3 agonist. The proportion of Tregs in the recipient’s spleen was significantly increased by injecting the poly(I:C)-stimulated ADSCs. Conclusions These results show that short-term TLR3 agonist preconditioning enhances the immunomodulatory efficacy of ADSCs, which can induce the generation of Tregs and upregulate the expression of FGL2, thereby improving the outcome of patients receiving organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Bao
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Oncology Center of People's Liberation Army (PLA), 81st Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Boqian Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Jian
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Degong Jia
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Caiyu Yi
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | | | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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19
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Yuan K, Feng Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Wang W, Wang T, Feng Y, Huang G, Xu A. FGL2 is positively correlated with enhanced antitumor responses mediated by T cells in lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8654. [PMID: 32206449 PMCID: PMC7075367 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, accounting for 25% of cancer-related deaths and 14% of new cancers worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of pulmonary cancer. Although there have been some improvements in the traditional therapy of lung cancer, the outcome and prognosis of patients remain poor. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million new cases being diagnosed each year. Precision medicine based on genetic alterations is considered a new strategy of lung cancer treatment that requires highly specific biomarkers for precision diagnosis and treatment. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diagnostic value of FGL2 in lung cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the expression profile and potential functions of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma. We used the TCGA and Oncomine datasets to compare the FGL2 expression levels between lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. We utilized the GEPIA, PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases to analyze the relationship between FGL2 expression and the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Then, we investigated the potential roles of FGL2 in lung adenocarcinoma with the TIMER database and functional enrichment analyses. We found that FGL2 expression was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. A high expression level of FGL2 was correlated with better prognostic outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients, including overall survival and progression-free survival. FGL2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, including dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, in lung adenocarcinoma. Functional enrichment analyses also showed that a high expression level of FGL2 was positively correlated with enhanced T cell activities, especially CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we propose that high FGL2 expression, which is positively associated with enhanced antitumor activities mediated by T cells, is a beneficial marker for lung adenocarcinoma treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yanyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyin Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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20
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Van Tong H, Van Ba N, Hoan NX, Binh MT, Quyen DT, Son HA, Van Luong H, Quyet D, Meyer CG, Song LH, Toan NL, Velavan TP. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:553. [PMID: 30419833 PMCID: PMC6233598 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical progression of HBV-related liver diseases is largely associated with the activity of HBV-specific T cells. Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2), mainly secreted by T cells, is an important effector molecule of the immune system. METHODS sFGL2 levels were determined by ELISA assays in sera of 296 HBV patients clinically classified into the subgroups of acute hepatitis B (AHB), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and patients with LC plus HCC. As control group, 158 healthy individuals were included. FGL2 mRNA was quantified by qRT-PCR in 32 pairs of tumor and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. RESULTS sFGL2 levels were elevated in HBV patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). In the patient group, sFGL2 levels were increased in AHB compared to CHB patients (P = 0.017). sFGL2 levels were higher in LC patients compared to those without LC (P = 0.006) and were increased according to the development of cirrhosis as staged by Child-Pugh scores (P = 0.024). Similarly, HCC patients had increased sFGL2 levels compared to CHB patients (P = 0.033) and FGL2 mRNA was up-regulated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues (P = 0.043). In addition, sFGL2 levels were positively correlated with HBV-DNA loads and AST (Spearman's rho = 0.21, 0.25 and P = 0.006, 0.023, respectively), but reversely correlated with platelet counts and albumin levels (Spearman's rho = - 0.27, - 0.24 and P = 0.014, 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS sFGL2 levels are induced by HBV infection and correlated with the progression and clinical outcome of HBV-related liver diseases. Thus, sFGL2 may serve as a potential indicator for HBV-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nguyen Van Ba
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Binh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Thanh Quyen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ho Anh Son
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Luong
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Quyet
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Medical Faculty, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. .,Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Medical Faculty, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
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21
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Adenovirus-mediated artificial miRNA targetting fibrinogen-like protein 2 attenuates the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170964. [PMID: 29054965 PMCID: PMC5700271 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains to be challenging for its unpredictable inflammatory progression from acute pancreatitis to SAP. Apoptosis is an important pathology of SAP. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) has been reported to be involved in apoptosis. The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of an adenovirus-mediated artificial miRNA targetting FGL2 (Ad-FGL2-miRNA) in taurocholate-induced murine pancreatitis models. Sodium taurocholate was retrogradely injected into the biliopancreatic ducts of the C57/BL mice to induce SAP. FGL2 expression was measured with reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. ELISA was used to detect the activity of amylase and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In addition, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were also detected. Finally, apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method and Western blotting. Ad-FGL2-miRNA significantly suppressed FGL2 expression and alleviated pancreatic injury. Also, Ad-FGL2-miRNA markedly inhibited a post-SAP increase in the activation of TNF-α and IL-1β. Finally, pretreatment with Ad-FGL2-miRNA ameliorated apoptosis at the early stage of SAP by modulating cleaved caspase-3 and therefore played a protective role. These results indicated that FGL2 might be a promising target for attenuating the severity of SAP and adenovirus-mediated artificial miRNAs targetting FGL2 represented a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of SAP.
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