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Wu M, Cui J, Hou H, Li Y, Liu S, Wan L, Zhang L, Huang W, Sun G, Liu J, Jin P, He S, Liu M. Novel MDM2 Inhibitor XR-2 Exerts Potent Anti-Tumor Efficacy and Overcomes Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871259. [PMID: 35548335 PMCID: PMC9081362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inactivation of tumor-suppressor p53 plays an important role in second generation anti-androgens (SGAs) drug resistance and neuroendocrine differentiation in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The reactivation of p53 by blocking the MDM2–p53 interaction represents an attractive therapeutic remedy in cancers with wild-type or functional p53. Whether MDM2-p53 inhibitor could overcome SGAs drug resistance in CRPC is still needed further research. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanisms of a novel MDM2-p53 inhibitor XR-2 in CRPC. Methods: To investigate the functions and mechanisms of XR-2 in prostate cancer, in vitro and in vivo biofunctional assays were performed. Western blot and qRT-PCR assay were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of indicated genes. CCK8, colony formation, flow cytometry and senescence assays were performed for cell function identifications. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were mainly used to identify the influence of XR-2 on prostate cancer cells transcriptome. Subcutaneous 22Rv1 derived xenografts mice model was used to investigate the in vivo anti-tumor activity of XR-2. In addition, the broad-spectrum anti-tumor activities in vivo of XR-2 were evaluated by different xenografts mice models. Results: XR-2 could directly bind to MDM2, potently reactivate the p53 pathway and thus induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in wild-type p53 CRPC cell lines. XR-2 also suppresses the AR pathway as p53 regulates AR transcription inhibition and MDM2 participates in AR degradation. As a result, XR-2 efficiently inhibited CRPC cell viability, showed a synergistic effect with enzalutamide and overcame enzalutamide resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, results illustrated that XR-2 possesses broad-spectrum anti-tumor activities in vivo with favourable safety. Conclusion: MDM2-p53 inhibitor (XR-2) possesses potently prostate cancer progresses inhibition activity both in vitro and in vivo. XR-2 shows a synergistic effect with enzalutamide and overcomes enzalutamide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Cui
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hou
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Sun
- Clinical Biobank, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
| | - Shunmin He
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Shunmin He, ; Pengfei Jin,
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Qin JJ, Li X, Wang W, Zi X, Zhang R. Targeting the NFAT1-MDM2-MDMX Network Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells, Independent of p53 and Androgen. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:917. [PMID: 29311926 PMCID: PMC5735069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The MDM2 and MDMX oncogenes are overexpressed in various types of human cancer and are highly associated with the initiation, progression, metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance of these diseases, including prostate cancer. The present study was designed to test a natural MDM2 inhibitor, Inulanolide A (InuA), for anti-prostate cancer activity and to determine the underlying mechanism(s) of action. InuA directly bound to the RING domains of both MDM2 and MDMX with high affinity and specificity and disrupted MDM2-MDMX binding, markedly enhancing MDM2 protein degradation. We further discovered that InuA bound to the DNA binding domain of NFAT1, resulting in marked inhibition of MDM2 transcription. InuA inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells, regardless of their p53 status and AR responsiveness. Double knockdown of MDM2 and NFAT1 also revealed that the expression of both of these molecules is important for InuA’s inhibitory effects on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells. In summary, InuA represents a novel class of bifunctional MDM2 inhibitors, and should be further investigated as a candidate lead compound for prostate cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Shuttleworth VG, Gaughan L, Nawafa L, Mooney CA, Cobb SL, Sheerin NS, Logan IR. The methyltransferase SET9 regulates TGF B-1 activation of renal fibroblasts via interaction with SMAD3. J Cell Sci 2017; 131:jcs.207761. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global socioeconomic problem. It is characterised by the presence of differentiated myofibroblasts that, in response to TGF B-1, produce tissue fibrosis, leading to renal failure. Here we define a novel interaction between the SET9 lysine methyltransferase and SMAD3, the principle mediator of TGF B-1 signalling in myofibroblasts. We show that SET9 deficient fibroblasts exhibit globally altered gene expression profiles in response to TGF B-1, whilst overexpression of SET9 enhances SMAD3 transcriptional activity. We also show that SET9 facilitates SMAD3 nuclear import and controls SMAD3 protein degradation, in a manner involving ubiquitination. On a cellular level, we demonstrate that SET9 is broadly required for TGF B-1 effects in diseased primary renal fibroblasts; SET9 promotes fibroblast migration into wounds, expression of extracellular matrix proteins, collagen contractility and myofibroblast differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that SET9 is recruited to the α-smooth muscle actin gene in response to TGF B-1, providing a mechanism by which SET9 regulates myofibroblast contractility and differentiation. Together with previous studies, we make the case for SET9 inhibition in the treatment of progressive CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G. Shuttleworth
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Lotfia Nawafa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caitlin A. Mooney
- Dept of Chemistry, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Dept of Chemistry, Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Neil S. Sheerin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ian R. Logan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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