1
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Hall DCN, Benndorf RA. Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:393. [PMID: 35780223 PMCID: PMC9250486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin's prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C N Hall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Schwarz MC, Allikmets S. TMED2 as a marker of prognosis in breast cancer [Letter]. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6377-6378. [PMID: 31372042 PMCID: PMC6636177 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Allikmets
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
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4
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Hedberg ML, Peyser ND, Bauman JE, Gooding WE, Li H, Bhola NE, Zhu TR, Zeng Y, Brand TM, Kim MO, Jordan RCK, VandenBerg S, Olivas V, Bivona TG, Chiosea SI, Wang L, Mills GB, Johnson JT, Duvvuri U, Ferris RL, Ha P, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs predicts improved patient survival for PIK3CA-altered head and neck cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:419-427. [PMID: 30683736 PMCID: PMC6363423 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer patients taking NSAIDs with PIK3CA tumor alterations demonstrate improved survival. Studies in relevant preclinical models implicate signaling via COX2-mediated production of PGE2 as an underlying mechanism for this survival benefit. PIK3CA is the most commonly altered oncogene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We evaluated the impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on survival in a PIK3CA-characterized cohort of 266 HNSCC patients and explored the mechanism in relevant preclinical models including patient-derived xenografts. Among subjects with PIK3CA mutations or amplification, regular NSAID use (≥6 mo) conferred markedly prolonged disease-specific survival (DSS; hazard ratio 0.23, P = 0.0032, 95% CI 0.09–0.62) and overall survival (OS; hazard ratio 0.31, P = 0.0043, 95% CI 0.14–0.69) compared with nonregular NSAID users. For PIK3CA-altered HNSCC, predicted 5-yr DSS was 72% for NSAID users and 25% for nonusers; predicted 5-yr OS was 78% for regular NSAID users and 45% for nonregular users. PIK3CA mutation predicted sensitivity to NSAIDs in preclinical models in association with increased systemic PGE2 production. These findings uncover a biologically plausible rationale to implement NSAID therapy in PIK3CA-altered HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hedberg
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Noah D Peyser
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Julie E Bauman
- Department of Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - William E Gooding
- Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tian Ran Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Toni M Brand
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mi-Ok Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard C K Jordan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Scott VandenBerg
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Simion I Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jonas T Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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5
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Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5683-5699. [PMID: 30341914 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. COX-2 is released by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX-2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX-2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX-2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of COX-2 on cancer cells or its regulation. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and nuclear factor-κβ are main upstream modulators for COX-2 in cancer cells. COX-2 also has interactions with a number of hormones within the body. Inhibition of COX-2 provides a high possibility to exert therapeutic outcomes in cancer. Administration of COX-2 inhibitors in a preoperative setting could reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. COX-2 inhibition also sensitizes cancer cells to treatments like radio- and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents adversely induce COX-2 activity. Therefore, choosing an appropriate chemotherapy drugs along with adjustment of the type and does for COX-2 inhibitors based on the type of cancer would be an effective adjuvant strategy for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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6
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Ran Z, Hou L, Guo H, Wang K, Li X. Expression of VEGF, COX-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer and their relationship with ultrasound findings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4264-4269. [PMID: 31949822 PMCID: PMC6962978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We wished to ascertain the relationship between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and various features of ultrasound images in breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS Eighty-nine breast lesions were confirmed to have BC by ultrasound, surgery and pathology. According to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification method published by the American College of Radiology, six groups were created: spiculation and non-Burr sign; calcification and non-calcification; vascular anomaly syndrome and non-vascular anomaly syndrome; lymph node metastasis (LNM) and non-LNM. In each case, the expression of VEGF, COX-2 and MMP-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Expression of VEGF, COX-2 and MMP-9 was higher in BC patients with the Burr sign than in those without it (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 between the calcification group and non-calcification group of BC patients (P>0.05). Expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 was higher in those with vascular abnormalities than in those without them (P<0.05), as well as in the LNM group compared with the non-LNM group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 could have an influence on the Burr sign, abnormal blood vessels, and LNM in BC patients using ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangshen Ran
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lixia Hou
- Taishan Medical University Radiation InstituteTai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai’an, Shandong Province, China
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7
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Wang YX, Zhang ZY, Wang JQ, Qian XL, Cui J. HPV16 E7 increases COX-2 expression and promotes the proliferation of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:317-325. [PMID: 29928417 PMCID: PMC6006466 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) may serve a function in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. However, the detection rate of HPV16 in breast carcinoma may vary by region. In the present study, the expression of HPV16 E7 in paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with breast cancer from North China was detected. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of HPV16 E7 in the proliferation of breast cancer cells were examined. The results demonstrated that the DNA of HPV16 E7 was detected in 30.5% of the samples, and that HPV16 E7 promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, HPV16 E7-mediated proliferation of breast cancer cells was suppressed in response to treatment with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific small interfering RNA and celecoxib. The results of the present study revealed that HPV16 E7 may promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulating COX-2, suggesting that COX-2 may be a potential therapeutic target for HPV16 E7-mediated progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lai Qian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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8
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Sobhani N, Roviello G, Corona SP, Scaltriti M, Ianza A, Bortul M, Zanconati F, Generali D. The prognostic value of PI3K mutational status in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4287-4292. [PMID: 29345357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The availability of reliable biomarkers of response/resistance to cancer treatments would benefit patients and clinicians allowing for a better selection of BC patients most likely to respond to a specific treatment. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes are involved in numerous cellular- functions and processes. The gene encoding for PI3K catalytic subunit p110α is mutated in 20-40% of BC. We performed a meta-analysis of the current literature on randomized clinical trials, investigating the role of PIK3CA mutational status as prognostic factor, and predictor of response to anti-cancer treatments. Overall 1929 cases were included. The pooled analysis confirmed that the presence of a PIK3CA mutation represents an independent negative prognostic factor (HR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.15-2.43; P = 0.007) in BC, as previously reported. As PI3K signaling is also a result of other pathways' hyperactivation, further investigation of potential biomarkers able to predict likelihood of response to anti-PI3K/mTOR, anti-HER2, and other TKRs is warranted in future randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Silvia P Corona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Moorabbin Campus, Bentleigh East, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
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9
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Amaral MEA, Nery LR, Leite CE, de Azevedo Junior WF, Campos MM. Pre-clinical effects of metformin and aspirin on the cell lines of different breast cancer subtypes. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:782-796. [PMID: 29392539 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is highly prevalent among women worldwide. It is classified into three main subtypes: estrogen receptor positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study has evaluated the effects of aspirin and metformin, isolated or in a combination, in breast cancer cells of the different subtypes. Methods The breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 were treated with aspirin and/or metformin (0.01 mM - 10 mM); functional in vitro assays were performed. The interactions with the estrogen receptors (ER) were evaluated in silico. Results Metformin (2.5, 5 and 10 mM) altered the morphology and reduced the viability and migration of the ER+ cell line MCF-7, whereas aspirin triggered this effect only at 10 mM. A synergistic effect for the combination of metformin and aspirin (2.5, 5 or 10 mM each) was observed in the TNBC cell subtype MDA-MB-231, according to the evaluation of its viability and colony formation. Partial inhibitory effects were observed for either of the drugs in the HER2+ cell subtype SK-BR-3. The effects of metformin and aspirin partly relied on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation, without the production of lipoxins. In silico, metformin and aspirin bound to the ERα receptor with the same energy. Conclusion We have provided novel evidence on the mechanisms of action of aspirin and metformin in breast cancer cells, showing favorable outcomes for these drugs in the ER+ and TNBC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Azambuja Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Roesler Nery
- ZebLab & Laboratório de Biologia e Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12 D, sala 301, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Leite
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Walter Filgueira de Azevedo Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia de Sistemas Computacionais, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. .,Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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10
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Gulyas M, Mattsson JSM, Lindgren A, Ek L, Lamberg Lundström K, Behndig A, Holmberg E, Micke P, Bergman B. COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:244-250. [PMID: 29140138 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1400685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition. METHODS In a multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells. For each compartment, COX-2 expression was graded as high or low, based on a product score of extension and intensity of positively stained cells. RESULTS An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.81-1.27 and HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.78-1.61, respectively). High COX-2 scores in tumor (n = 71) or stromal cells (n = 55) was not associated with a superior survival outcome with celecoxib vs. placebo (HR =0.96, 95% CI 0.60-1.54; and HR =1.51; 95% CI 0.86-2.66), and no significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p = .48 and .25, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated within the context of a randomized trial, we could not detect any interaction effect of COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and the outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Gulyas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Lindgren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Allergy Centre, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Lars Ek
- Pulmonary Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Annelie Behndig
- Pulmonary Medicine, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmberg
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Bergman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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HPV16 E6 Promotes Breast Cancer Proliferation via Upregulation of COX-2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2948467. [PMID: 29250535 PMCID: PMC5700552 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2948467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background. Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It has been indicated that human papillomaviruses 16 (HPV16) might participate in the pathogenesis and development of breast cancer. However, the detected rate of HPV16 varies with region. We will investigate HPV16 E6 expression in North China and explore the effects and mechanism of HPV16 E6 on breast cancer proliferation in this study. Methods. The expressions of HPV16 E6 and COX-2 in paraffin-embedded tissues of the invasive ductal breast cancer were detected by qPCR and IHC. The effects of HPV16 E6 on breast cancer proliferation were determined by function studies. The mechanism of HPV16 E6 in promoting breast cancer proliferation was explored by Western blot and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay. Results. HPV16 E6 was positive in 28% invasive ductal breast carcinoma in North China; HPV16 E6 promoted breast cancer proliferation. Inhibition of COX-2 by siCOX-2 or Celecoxib attenuated the proliferation of breast cancer cells with HPV16 E6 expression; and the upregulation of COX-2 could be suppressed by the inhibition of NF-κB activity. Conclusion. HPV16 E6 promotes breast cancer proliferation by activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and increase of COX-2 expression. COX-2 will be a potential target for HPV16 E6-associated breast cancer.
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New Immunotherapy Strategies in Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010068. [PMID: 28085094 PMCID: PMC5295319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Therapeutic treatments for breast cancer generally include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrinotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. With the development of molecular biology, immunology and pharmacogenomics, immunotherapy becomes a promising new field in breast cancer therapies. In this review, we discussed recent progress in breast cancer immunotherapy, including cancer vaccines, bispecific antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Several additional immunotherapy modalities in early stages of development are also highlighted. It is believed that these new immunotherapeutic strategies will ultimately change the current status of breast cancer therapies.
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