1
|
Xu K, Yu Z, Lu T, Peng W, Gong Y, Chen C. PARP1 bound to XRCC2 promotes tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:238. [PMID: 38907095 PMCID: PMC11192709 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By complexing poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) in reaction to broke strand, PAR polymerase1 (PARP1) acts as the key enzyme participated in DNA repair. However, recent studies suggest that unrepaired DNA breaks results in persistent PARP1 activation, which leads to a progressively reduce in hexokinase1 (HK1) activity and cell death. PARP-1 is TCF-4/β-A novel co activator of gene transactivation induced by catenin may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanism of PARP1 remains elusive. METHODS 212 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who had the operation at our hospital were recruited. PARP1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Stable CRC cell lines with low or high PARP1 expression were constructed. Survival analysis was computed based on PARP1 expression. The cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 and Colony formation assay. The interaction of PARP1 and XRCC2 was detected by immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. RESULTS Compared with matching adjacent noncancerous tissue, PARP1 was upregulated in CRC tissue which was correlated with the degree of differentiation, TNM stage, depth of invasion, metastasis, and survival. In addition, after constructing CRC stable cell lines with abnormal expression of PARP1, we found that overexpression of PARP1 promoted proliferation, and demonstrated the interaction between PARP1 and XRCC2 in CRC cells through immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis. Moreover, the inhibitor of XRCC2 can suppress the in vitro proliferation arousing by upregulation of PARP1. CONCLUSIONS PARP1 was upregulated in CRC cells and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, the expression status of PARP1 was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological features and 5-year survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhige Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailiang Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nizami ZN, Aburawi HE, Semlali A, Muhammad K, Iratni R. Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1159. [PMID: 37371889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic byproducts that regulate various cellular processes. However, at high levels, ROS induce oxidative stress, which in turn can trigger cell death. Cancer cells alter the redox homeostasis to facilitate protumorigenic processes; however, this leaves them vulnerable to further increases in ROS levels. This paradox has been exploited as a cancer therapeutic strategy with the use of pro-oxidative drugs. Many chemotherapeutic drugs presently in clinical use, such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, induce ROS as one of their mechanisms of action. Further, various drugs, including phytochemicals and small molecules, that are presently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies attribute their anticancer activity to ROS induction. Consistently, this review aims to highlight selected pro-oxidative drugs whose anticancer potential has been characterized with specific focus on phytochemicals, mechanisms of ROS induction, and anticancer effects downstream of ROS induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanan E Aburawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire-Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maeda J, Haskins JS, Kato TA. XRCC8 mutation causes hypersensitivity to PARP inhibition without Homologous recombination repair deficiency. Mutat Res 2023; 826:111815. [PMID: 36812659 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2023.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors inflict severe toxicity to homologous recombination (HR) repair deficient cells because DNA damages induced by PARP inhibition result in lethal DNA double strand breaks in the absence of HR repair during DNA replication. PARP inhibitors are the first clinically approved drugs designed for synthetic lethality. The synthetic lethal interaction of PARP inhibitors is not limited to HR repair deficient cells. We investigated radiosensitive mutants isolated from Chinese hamster lung origin V79 cells to identify novel synthetic lethal targets in the context of PARP inhibition. HR repair deficient BRCA2 mutant cells were used for positive control. Among tested cells, XRCC8 mutants presented hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitor, Olaparib. XRCC8 mutants showed elevated sensitivity to bleomycin and camptothecin similar to BRCA2 mutants. XRCC8 mutants presented an elevation of γ-H2AX foci formation frequency and S-phase dependent chromosome aberrations with Olaparib treatment. Enumerated damage foci following Olaparib treatment were observed to be elevated in XRCC8 as in BRCA2 mutants. Although this may suggest that XRCC8 plays a role in a similar DNA repair pathway as BRCA2 in HR repair, XRCC8 mutants presented functional HR repair including proper Rad51 foci formation and even elevated sister chromatid exchange frequencies with PARP inhibitor treatment. For comparison, RAD51 foci formation was suppressed in HR repair deficient BRCA2 mutants. Additionally, XRCC8 mutants did not display delayed mitotic entry with PARP inhibitors whereas BRCA2 mutants did. XRCC8 mutant cell line has previously been reported as possessing a mutation in the ATM gene. XRCC8 mutants displayed maximum cytotoxicity to ATM inhibitor among tested mutants and wild type cells. Furthermore, the ATM inhibitor sensitized XRCC8 mutant to ionzing radiation, however, XRCC8 mutant V-G8 expressed reduced levels of ATM protein. The gene responsible for XRCC8 phenotype may not be ATM but highly associated with ATM functions. These results suggest that XRCC8 mutation is a target for PARP inhibitor-induced synthetic lethality in HR repair independent manner via the disruption of cell cycle regulation. Our findings expand the potential application of PARP inhibitors in tumors lacking DNA damage responding genes other than HR repair, and further investigation of XRCC8 may contribute to this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maeda
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jeremy S Haskins
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu P, Lin C, Liu L, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. RAD54B mutations enhance the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102354. [PMID: 35952757 PMCID: PMC9463535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethal targeting of homologous recombination (HR)–deficient ovarian cancers (OvCas) with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) has attracted considerable attention. Olaparib was the first PARPi approved by the Food and Drug Administration, offering significant clinical benefits in BRCA1/2-deficient OvCas. However, only approximately 20% of OvCa patients harbor BRCA1/2 mutations. Given the shared roles that BRCA1/2 have with other HR regulators, alterations in HR genes may also contribute to “BRCAness profiles” in OvCas. RAD54B has been considered a key player in HR repair, although its roles and therapeutic potential in cancers need further investigation. Here, we identified 22 frequently mutated HR genes by whole-exome sequencing of OvCa tissues from 82 patients. To our surprise, 7.3% of patients were found to harbor mutations of RAD54B, the third-highest mutated gene among patients. We determined that RAD54B-mutated tumor tissues harbored more DNA double-strand breaks than normal tissues. Additionally, we found that RAD54B knockdown inhibited HR repair, enhanced sensitivities of OvCa cells with increased DNA double-strand breaks to olaparib, and induced apoptosis. Enhanced inhibitory effects of olaparib on the growth of ES2 xenograft tumors were further demonstrated by RAD54B knockdown. Finally, we show that restoration with wildtype RAD54B rather than RAD54BN593S and RAD54BH219Y, identified in patients, abolished the effects of RAD54B knockdown, indicating these RAD54B mutants probably malfunctioned in HR repair. Our investigations may offer insight into the contributions of RAD54B mutations to synthetic lethality with olaparib treatment in OvCas, enrich the gene list for “HR deficiency scoring,” and expand the applications of PARPis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ling M, Liu Q, Wang Y, Liu X, Jiang M, Hu J. LCS-1 inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1 induces ROS-dependent death of glioma cells and degradates PARP and BRCA1. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937444. [PMID: 35978820 PMCID: PMC9376264 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are characterized by high morbidity and mortality, and have only slightly increased survival with recent considerable improvements for treatment. An innovative therapeutic strategy had been developed via inducing ROS-dependent cell death by targeting antioxidant proteins. In this study, we found that glioma tissues expressed high levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The expression of SOD1 was upregulated in glioma grade III and V tissues compared with that in normal brain tissues or glioma grade I tissues. U251 and U87 glioma cells expressed high levels of SOD1, low levels of SOD2 and very low levels of SOD3. LCS-1, an inhibitor of SOD1, increased the expression SOD1 at both mRNA and protein levels slightly but significantly. As expected, LCS-1 caused ROS production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SOD1 inhibition also induced the gene expression of HO-1, GCLC, GCLM and NQO1 which are targeting genes of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, suggesting the activation of ROS signal pathway. Importantly, LCS-1 induced death of U251 and U87 cells dose- and time-dependently. The cell death was reversed by the pretreatment of cells with ROS scavenges NAC or GSH. Furthermore, LCS-1 decreased the growth of xenograft tumors formed by U87 glioma cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, the inhibition of P53, caspases did not reverse LCS-1-induced cell death, indicating the failure of these molecules involving in cell death. Moreover, we found that LCS-1 treatment induced the degradation of both PARP and BRCA1 simultaneously, suggesting that LCS-1-induced cell death may be associated with the failure of DNA damage repair. Taking together, these results suggest that the degradation of both PARP and BRCA1 may contribute to cell death induced by SOD1 inhibition, and SOD1 may be a target for glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinyue Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Catalano F, Borea R, Puglisi S, Boutros A, Gandini A, Cremante M, Martelli V, Sciallero S, Puccini A. Targeting the DNA Damage Response Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061388. [PMID: 35326540 PMCID: PMC8946235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Defective DNA damage response (DDR) is a hallmark of cancer leading to genomic instability. Up to 15–20% of colorectal cancers carry alterations in DDR. However, the role of DDR alterations as a prognostic factor and as a therapeutic target must be elucidated. To date, disappointing results have been obtained in different clinical trials mainly due to poor molecular selection of patients. Several challenges must be overcome before these compounds may have an impact on colorectal cancer. For instance, although some preclinical evidence showed the vulnerability of a subset of CRCs to PARP inhibitors, no specific clinical or molecular biomarkers have been validated to select patients. Moreover, different DDR alterations may not equally confer platinum sensitivity in CRC patients. Further efforts are needed in both preclinical and clinical settings to exploit DDR alterations as therapeutic targets and to eventually discover PARP or other DDR inhibitors (e.g., Wee1) with clinical benefit on colorectal cancer patients. Abstract Major advances have been made in CRC treatment in recent years, especially in molecularly driven therapies and immunotherapy. Despite this, a large number of advanced colorectal cancer patients do not benefit from these treatments and their prognosis remains poor. The landscape of DNA damage response (DDR) alterations is emerging as a novel target for treatment in different cancer types. PARP inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers carrying deleterious BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants or homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiency (HRD). Recent research reported on the emerging role of HRD in CRC and showed that alterations in these genes, either germline or somatic, are carried by up to 15–20% of CRCs. However, the role of HRD is still widely unknown, and few data about their clinical impact are available, especially in CRC patients. In this review, we report preclinical and clinical data currently available on DDR inhibitors in CRC. We also emphasize the predictive role of DDR mutations in response to platinum-based chemotherapy and the potential clinical role of DDR inhibitors. More preclinical and clinical trials are required to better understand the impact of DDR alterations in CRC patients and the therapeutic opportunities with novel DDR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Catalano
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Borea
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Puglisi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Boutros
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalice Gandini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Malvina Cremante
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentino Martelli
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sciallero
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.C.); (R.B.); (S.P.); (A.B.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0105553301 (ext.3302); Fax: +39-0105555141
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The role of PARP inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103621. [PMID: 35124199 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of BReast CAncer (BRCA) mutations as biomarkers for sensitivity to DNA damage response (DDR) targeted drugs and platinum agents is well documented in breast and gynaecological cancers. More recently the successful use DDR targeted therapies including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors has been shown to extend to other germline and somatic deficiencies within the homologous recombination (HR) pathway1-3. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are lagging behind other tumour types when it comes to personalising treatment with targeted therapies. Current methods of identifying PARP-inhibitor sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers are based on analogies from other cancer types despite there being a lack of uniformity in determining HR status between tumour types. There is an urgent clinical need to better understand the treatment implications of DDR alterations in gastrointestinal cancers. We have reviewed PARP-inhibitor use in pancreatic, gastroesophageal, hepatobiliary and colorectal cancers and explored HRD as a biomarker for sensitivity to PARP-inhibitors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Crickard JB. Discrete roles for Rad54 and Rdh54 during homologous recombination. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 71:48-54. [PMID: 34293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rad54 and Rdh54 are Snf2 DNA motor proteins that function during maintenance of genomic integrity. Though highly related, Rad54 and Rdh54 have different biochemical and genetic functions during maintenance of genomic integrity. Rad54 functions primarily during the homology search and strand invasion steps of homologous recombination, while Rdh54 appears to play a minor role in these processes. More recently it has been shown that Rdh54 functions as a pathway branch point at HR intermediates, and as has a role in cell cycle recovery. Here we will explore recent advances that have improved our understanding of the role these two DNA motor proteins play during DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Brooks Crickard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lobo J, Constâncio V, Guimarães-Teixeira C, Leite-Silva P, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Sequeira JP, Pistoni L, Guimarães R, Cantante M, Braga I, Maurício J, Looijenga LHJ, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Promoter methylation of DNA homologous recombination genes is predictive of the responsiveness to PARP inhibitor treatment in testicular germ cell tumors. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:846-865. [PMID: 33513287 PMCID: PMC8024740 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common cancers in men aged 15-39 years and are divided into two major groups, seminomas and nonseminomas. Novel treatment options are required for these patients, to limit side effects of chemotherapy. We hypothesized that promoter methylation of relevant homologous recombination (HR) genes might be predictive of response to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in TGCTs. We report a study pipeline combining in silico, in vitro, and clinical steps. By using several databases and in silico tools, we identified BRCA1, RAD51C, PALB2, RAD54B, and SYCP3 as the most relevant genes for further investigation and pinpointed specific CpG sites with pronounced negative correlation to gene expression. Nonseminomas displayed significantly higher methylation levels for all target genes, where increased methylation was observed in patients with more differentiated subtypes and higher disease burden. We independently performed second-line targeted validation in tissue series from TGCT patients. A moderate and/or strong anti-correlation between gene expression (assessed by RNA-sequencing) and promoter methylation (assessed by 450k array) was found, for all of the targets. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the sensitivity of TGCT cell lines to Olaparib, which associated with differential methylation levels of a subset of targets, namely BRCA1 and RAD51C. Our findings support the use of HR genes promoter methylation as a predictor of the therapeutic response to PARPis in patients with TGCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Constâncio
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal
| | - Catarina Guimarães-Teixeira
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal
| | - Pedro Leite-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal
| | - José Pedro Sequeira
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal
| | - Laura Pistoni
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Guimarães
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal
| | - Isaac Braga
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal
| | | | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P, CCC), Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cunningham CE, MacAuley MJ, Vizeacoumar FS, Abuhussein O, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. The CINs of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102953. [PMID: 33066048 PMCID: PMC7599805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many alterations specific to cancer cells have been investigated as targets for targeted therapies. Chromosomal instability is a characteristic of nearly all cancers that can limit response to targeted therapies by ensuring the tumor population is not genetically homogenous. Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is often up regulated in cancers and it regulates chromosomal instability extensively. PLK1 has been the subject of much pre-clinical and clinical studies, but thus far, PLK1 inhibitors have not shown significant improvement in cancer patients. We discuss the numerous roles and interactions of PLK1 in regulating chromosomal instability, and how these may provide an avenue for identifying targets for targeted therapies. As selective inhibitors of PLK1 showed limited clinical success, we also highlight how genetic interactions of PLK1 may be exploited to tackle these challenges. Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed near ubiquitously across all cancer types and dysregulation of this enzyme is closely tied to increased chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity. PLK1 is a mitotic kinase with a critical role in maintaining chromosomal integrity through its function in processes ranging from the mitotic checkpoint, centrosome biogenesis, bipolar spindle formation, chromosome segregation, DNA replication licensing, DNA damage repair, and cytokinesis. The relation between dysregulated PLK1 and chromosomal instability (CIN) makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials with PLK1 inhibitors as cancer drugs have generally displayed poor responses or adverse side-effects. This is in part because targeting CIN regulators, including PLK1, can elevate CIN to lethal levels in normal cells, affecting normal physiology. Nevertheless, aiming at related genetic interactions, such as synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) interactions of PLK1 instead of PLK1 itself, can help to avoid the detrimental side effects associated with increased levels of CIN. Since PLK1 overexpression contributes to tumor heterogeneity, targeting SDL interactions may also provide an effective strategy to suppressing this malignant phenotype in a personalized fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Mackenzie J. MacAuley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Omar Abuhussein
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tian S, Lou L, Tian M, Lu G, Tian J, Chen X. MAPK4 deletion enhances radiation effects and triggers synergistic lethality with simultaneous PARP1 inhibition in cervical cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:143. [PMID: 32711558 PMCID: PMC7382858 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among females worldwide and advanced patients have extremely poor prognosis. However, adverse reactions and accumulating resistance to radiation therapy require further investigation. METHODS The expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR and its association with overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Mier method. Colony formation, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to examine the effects of MAPK4 knockout or over-expression on cervical cancer cells after radiation treatment. Drug-sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to PARP1 inhibitors, olaparib or veliparib, was analyzed by CCK-8 cell viability assays, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was quantified using GraphPad Prism. The functional effects of MAPK4 knockout on the sensitivity of cervical cancer to radiation treatment and PARP1 inhibitors were further examined using xenograft tumor mouse models in vivo. RESULTS Cervical cancer patients with high MAPK4 mRNA expression have lower survival rate. After radiation treatment, the colony number of MAPK4 knockout cells was markedly reduced, and the markers for DNA double-chain breakage were significantly up-regulated. In addition, MAPK4 knockout reduced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, whereas its over-expression resulted in opposite effects. In MAPK4 KO cells with irradiation treatment, inhibition of AKT phosphorylation promoted DNA double-chain breakage. Constitutive activation of AKT (CA-AKT) increased the levels of phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), and DNA repair-related proteins, phosphorylated-DNA-dependent protein kinase (p-DNA-PK) and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51). Furthermore, MAPK4 knockout was found to affect the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors by activating the phosphorylation of AKT. Moreover, in vivo results demonstrated that MAPK4 knockout enhanced the sensitivity of cervical cancer to radiation and PARP1 inhibitors in mouse xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that combined application of MAPK4 knockout and PARP1 inhibition can be used as therapeutic strategy in radiation treatment for advanced cervical carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Procincical Cancer Hospital, No. 127 Dongming Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450009, Henan Province, China.
| | - Lili Lou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Procincical Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou City, 450009, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangping Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianghua Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou City, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mauri G, Arena S, Siena S, Bardelli A, Sartore-Bianchi A. The DNA damage response pathway as a land of therapeutic opportunities for colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1135-1147. [PMID: 32512040 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although significant progress has been made by molecular and immune therapeutic approaches, prognosis of advanced stage disease is still dismal. Alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are emerging as novel targets for treatment across different cancer types. However, even though preclinical studies have shown the potential exploitation of DDR alterations in CRC, systematic and comprehensive testing is lagging and clinical development is based on analogies with other solid tumors according to a tissue-agnostic paradigm. Recently, functional evidence from patient-derived xenografts and organoids have suggested that maintenance with PARP inhibitors might represent a therapeutic opportunity in CRC patients previously responsive to platinum-based treatment. DESIGN AND RESULTS In this review, we highlight the most promising preclinical data and systematically summarize published clinical trials in which DDR inhibitors have been used for CRC and provide evidence that disappointing results have been mainly due to a lack of clinical and molecular selection. CONCLUSIONS Future preclinical and translational research will help in better understanding the role of DDR alterations in CRC and pave the way to novel strategies that might have a transformative impact on treatment by identifying new therapeutic options including tailored use of standard chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Mauri
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Arena
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
| | - S Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
| | - A Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vishwakarma R, McManus KJ. Chromosome Instability; Implications in Cancer Development, Progression, and Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040824. [PMID: 32235397 PMCID: PMC7226245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) refers to an ongoing rate of chromosomal changes and is a driver of genetic, cell-to-cell heterogeneity. It is an aberrant phenotype that is intimately associated with cancer development and progression. The presence, extent, and level of CIN has tremendous implications for the clinical management and outcomes of those living with cancer. Despite its relevance in cancer, there is still extensive misuse of the term CIN, and this has adversely impacted our ability to identify and characterize the molecular determinants of CIN. Though several decades of genetic research have provided insight into CIN, the molecular determinants remain largely unknown, which severely limits its clinical potential. In this review, we provide a definition of CIN, describe the two main types, and discuss how it differs from aneuploidy. We subsequently detail its impact on cancer development and progression, and describe how it influences metastatic potential with reference to cancer prognosis and outcomes. Finally, we end with a discussion of how CIN induces genetic heterogeneity to influence the use and efficacy of several precision medicine strategies, including patient and risk stratification, as well as its impact on the acquisition of drug resistance and disease recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Vishwakarma
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Research Institute in Oncology & Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-787-2833
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Toma M, Skorski T, Sliwinski T. DNA Double Strand Break Repair - Related Synthetic Lethality. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1446-1482. [PMID: 29421999 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity between and within tumors. Our limited knowledge of their biology results in ineffective treatment. However, personalized approach may represent a milestone in the field of anticancer therapy. It can increase specificity of treatment against tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) with minimal effect on normal cells and tissues. Cancerous cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations which may disrupt pathways essential for cell survival. Discovery of synthetic lethality has led a new hope of creating effective and personalized antitumor treatment. Synthetic lethality occurs when simultaneous inactivation of two genes or their products causes cell death whereas individual inactivation of either gene is not lethal. The effectiveness of numerous anti-tumor therapies depends on induction of DNA damage therefore tumor cells expressing abnormalities in genes whose products are crucial for DNA repair pathways are promising targets for synthetic lethality. Here, we discuss mechanistic aspects of synthetic lethality in the context of deficiencies in DNA double strand break repair pathways. In addition, we review clinical trials utilizing synthetic lethality interactions and discuss the mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3400 North Broad Street, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi JE, Chung WH. Synthetic lethal interaction between oxidative stress response and DNA damage repair in the budding yeast and its application to targeted anticancer therapy. J Microbiol 2018; 57:9-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Liu X, Yang S, Meng L, Chen C, Hui X, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Lv K, Song T. Association between PTCH1 and RAD54B single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and non‐syndromic orofacial clefts in a northern Chinese population. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3055. [PMID: 30172247 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | | | - Lingwei Meng
- Department of Xiang Ya School of StamatologyCentral South University Hunan China
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiang Hui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaohui Jiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | - Kewen Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Heilongjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Patel M, Patel S, Mangukia N, Patel S, Mankad A, Pandya H, Rawal R. Ocimum basilicum miRNOME revisited: A cross kingdom approach. Genomics 2018; 111:772-785. [PMID: 29775783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O. basilicum is medicinally important herb having inevitable role in human health. However, the mechanism of action is largely unknown. Present study aims to understand the mechanism of regulation of key human target genes that could plausibly modulated by O. basilicum miRNAs in cross kingdom manner using computational and system biology approach. O. basilicum miRNA sequences were retrieved and their corresponding human target genes were identified using psRNA target and interaction analysis of hub nodes. Six O. basilicum derived miRNAs were found to modulate 26 human target genes which were associated `with PI3K-AKTand MAPK signaling pathways with PTPN11, EIF2S2, NOS1, IRS1 and USO1 as top 5 Hub nodes. O. basilicum miRNAs not only regulate key human target genes having a significance in various diseases but also paves the path for future studies that might explore potential of miRNA mediated cross-kingdom regulation, prevention and treatment of various human diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maulikkumar Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Naman Mangukia
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Saumya Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Mankad
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu Pandya
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thompson LL, Jeusset LMP, Lepage CC, McManus KJ. Evolving Therapeutic Strategies to Exploit Chromosome Instability in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110151. [PMID: 29104272 PMCID: PMC5704169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that claims over 8 million lives each year. Understanding the molecular etiology of the disease is critical to identify and develop new therapeutic strategies and targets. Chromosome instability (CIN) is an abnormal phenotype, characterized by progressive numerical and/or structural chromosomal changes, which is observed in virtually all cancer types. CIN generates intratumoral heterogeneity, drives cancer development, and promotes metastatic progression, and thus, it is associated with highly aggressive, drug-resistant tumors and poor patient prognosis. As CIN is observed in both primary and metastatic lesions, innovative strategies that exploit CIN may offer therapeutic benefits and better outcomes for cancer patients. Unfortunately, exploiting CIN remains a significant challenge, as the aberrant mechanisms driving CIN and their causative roles in cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. The development and utilization of CIN-exploiting therapies is further complicated by the associated risks for off-target effects and secondary cancers. Accordingly, this review will assess the strengths and limitations of current CIN-exploiting therapies, and discuss emerging strategies designed to overcome these challenges to improve outcomes and survival for patients diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Lucile M-P Jeusset
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Chloe C Lepage
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guppy BJ, McManus KJ. Synthetic lethal targeting of RNF20 through PARP1 silencing and inhibition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:281-292. [PMID: 28462496 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of novel therapeutic targets that exploit the aberrant genetics driving oncogenesis is critical to better combat cancer. RNF20 is somatically altered in numerous cancers, and its diminished expression drives genome instability, a driving factor of oncogenesis. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether PARP1 silencing and inhibition could preferentially kill RNF20-deficient cells using a synthetic lethal strategy. METHODS RNF20 and PARP1 were silenced using RNAi-based approaches. Direct synthetic lethal tests were performed by silencing RNF20 with and without PARP1 and the impact on cell numbers was evaluated using semi-quantitative imaging microscopy. Next, Olaparib and BMN673 (PARP1 inhibitors) were evaluated for their ability to induce preferential killing in RNF20 silenced cells, while real-time cell analyses were used to distinguish cell cytotoxicity from cell cycle arrest. Finally, quantitative imaging microscopy was employed to evaluate marks associated with DNA double-strand breaks (γ-H2AX) and apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3). RESULTS We found that PARP1 silencing resulted in a decrease in number of RNF20 silenced cells relative to controls. We further found that Olaparib and BMN673 treatments also resulted in fewer RNF20 silenced cells relative to controls. Finally, we found by quantitative imaging microscopy that RNF20 silenced cells treated with BMN673 exhibited significant increases in γ-H2AX and cleaved Caspase-3, suggesting that these treatments induce DNA double-strand breaks that are not adequately repaired within RNF20-silenced cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that RNF20 and PARP1 are synthetic lethal interactors, suggesting that cancers with diminished RNF20 expression and/or function may be susceptible to PARP1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J Guppy
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, ON6010 - 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, ON6010 - 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McAndrew EN, McManus KJ. The enigmatic oncogene and tumor suppressor-like properties of RAD54B: Insights into genome instability and cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:513-523. [PMID: 28295846 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges to the cell is to ensure genome stability, which can be compromised through endogenous errors or exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation or common chemotherapeutic agents. To maintain genome stability the cell has a multifaceted line of defense, including cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways. RAD54B is involved in many of these pathways and thus exhibits a role in maintaining and repairing genome stability following DNA damage. RAD54B is involved in cell cycle regulation after DNA damage and participates in homologous recombinational repair, which ensures the precise repair of the most deleterious DNA lesions, double-stranded breaks. This review focuses on structural aspects of RAD54B, molecular functions associated with its cellular roles in preventing genome instability, and how aberrant function contributes to oncogenesis. By understanding how aberrant RAD54B expression and/or function can contribute to oncogenesis, novel therapeutic approaches that specifically exploit these aberrant genetics are now being explored for precision medicine targeting. RAD54B represents an ideal candidate for synthetic genetic therapeutic approaches (synthetic dosage lethality or synthetic lethality), which are designed to target the specific genetics associated with cancer formation. These therapeutic approaches represent a precision-based approach, which is ideal as we are now entering the era of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin N McAndrew
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Kirk J McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|