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Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) regulates the expression of developmental genes and tumorigenesis in ewing sarcoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:2873-2884. [PMID: 35422476 PMCID: PMC9107507 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are difficult to treat and the therapy, even when effective, is associated with long-term and life-threatening side effects. In addition, the treatment regimens for many sarcomas, including Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma, are relatively unchanged over the past two decades, indicating a critical lack of progress. Although differentiation-based therapies are used for the treatment of some cancers, the application of this approach to sarcomas has proven challenging. Here, using a CRISPR-mediated gene knockout approach, we show that Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) is a critical regulator of developmental-related genes and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in Ewing sarcoma tumors. We also identified that homoharringtonine, which is an inhibitor of protein translation and FDA-approved for the treatment of leukemia, decreases the level of the ID2 protein and significantly reduces tumor growth and prolongs mouse survival in an Ewing sarcoma xenograft model. Furthermore, in addition to targeting ID2, homoharringtonine also reduces the protein levels of ID1 and ID3, which are additional members of the ID family of proteins with well-described roles in tumorigenesis, in multiple types of cancer. Overall, these results provide insight into developmental regulation in Ewing sarcoma tumors and identify a novel, therapeutic approach to target the ID family of proteins using an FDA-approved drug.
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2
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Miliotis C, Slack FJ. miR-105-5p regulates PD-L1 expression and tumor immunogenicity in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:115-126. [PMID: 34098061 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting the interaction between Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have recently been approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types, including gastric cancer. However, not all patients respond to these therapies, while some eventually acquire resistance. A partial predictive biomarker for positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is PD-L1 expression, which has been shown to be under strict post-transcriptional control in cancer. By fractionating the PD-L1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) into multiple overlapping fragments, we identified a small 100-nucleotide-long cis-acting region as being necessary and sufficient for post-transcriptional repression of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. In parallel, we performed a correlation analysis between PD-L1 expression and all host miRNAs in stomach cancer patient samples. A single miRNA, miR-105-5p, was predicted to bind to the identified cis-acting 3'UTR region and to negatively correlate with PD-L1 expression. Overexpression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer cell lines resulted in decreased expression of PD-L1, both at the total protein and surface expression levels, and induced CD8+ T cell activation in co-culture assays. Finally, we show that expression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer is partly controlled by DNA methylation of a cancer- and germline-specific promoter of its host gene, GABRA3. Dysregulation of miR-105-5p is observed in many cancer types and this study shows the importance of this miRNA in controlling the immunogenicity of cancer cells, thus highlighting it as a potential biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and target for combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Miliotis
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Marín-Ramos NI, Thein TZ, Ghaghada KB, Chen TC, Giannotta SL, Hofman FM. miR-18a Inhibits BMP4 and HIF-1α Normalizing Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Circ Res 2020; 127:e210-e231. [PMID: 32755283 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of vessels where arteries and veins directly connect without intervening capillary nets, increasing the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Current treatments are highly invasive and often not feasible. Thus, effective noninvasive treatments are needed. We previously showed that AVM-brain endothelial cells (BECs) secreted higher VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and lower TSP-1 (thrombospondin-1) levels than control BEC; and that microRNA-18a (miR-18a) normalized AVM-BEC function and phenotype, although its mechanism remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism of action and potential clinical application of miR-18a as an effective noninvasive treatment to selectively restore the phenotype and functionality of AVM vasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecular pathways affected by miR-18a in patient-derived BECs and AVM-BECs were determined by Western blot, RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), ELISA, co-IP, immunostaining, knockdown and overexpression studies, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter assays. miR-18a was shown to increase TSP-1 and decrease VEGF by reducing PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1/SERPINE1) levels. Furthermore, miR-18a decreased the expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), blocking the BMP4/ALK (activin-like kinase) 2/ALK1/ALK5 and Notch signaling pathways. As determined by Boyden chamber assays, miR-18a also reduced the abnormal AVM-BEC invasiveness, which correlated with a decrease in MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP9, and ADAM10 (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10) levels. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that miR-18a reaches the brain following intravenous and intranasal administration. Intranasal co-delivery of miR-18a and NEO100, a good manufacturing practices-quality form of perillyl alcohol, improved the pharmacokinetic profile of miR-18a in the brain without affecting its pharmacological properties. Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography angiography and immunostaining studies in an Mgp-/- AVM mouse model showed that miR-18a decreased abnormal cerebral vasculature and restored the functionality of the bone marrow, lungs, spleen, and liver. CONCLUSIONS miR-18a may have significant clinical value in preventing, reducing, and potentially reversing AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Thu Zan Thein
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G.)
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.,Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven L Giannotta
- Departments of Neurosurgery (N.I.M.-R., T.Z.T., T.C.C., S.L.G.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Florence M Hofman
- Departments of Pathology (T.C.C., F.M.H.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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4
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Grigaitis P, Starkuviene V, Rost U, Serva A, Pucholt P, Kummer U. miRNA target identification and prediction as a function of time in gene expression data. RNA Biol 2020; 17:990-1000. [PMID: 32249661 PMCID: PMC7549638 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1748921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of miRNA target interactions is still limited due to conflicting data and the fact that high-quality validation of targets is a time-consuming process. Faster methods like high-throughput screens and bioinformatics predictions are employed but suffer from several problems. One of these, namely the potential occurrence of downstream (i.e. secondary) effects in high-throughput screens has been only little discussed so far. However, such effects limit usage for both the identification of interactions and for the training of bioinformatics tools. In order to analyse this problem more closely, we performed time-dependent microarray screening experiments overexpressing human miR-517a-3p, and, together with published time-dependent datasets of human miR-17-5p, miR-135b and miR-124 overexpression, we analysed the dynamics of deregulated genes. We show that the number of deregulated targets increases over time, whereas seed sequence content and performance of several miRNA target prediction algorithms actually decrease over time. Bioinformatics recognition success of validated miR-17 targets was comparable to that of data gained only 12 h post-transfection. We therefore argue that the timing of microarray experiments is of critical importance for detecting direct targets with high confidence and for the usability of these data for the training of bioinformatics prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranas Grigaitis
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vytaute Starkuviene
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ursula Rost
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrius Serva
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (Bioquant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Viera GM, Salomao KB, de Sousa GR, Baroni M, Delsin LEA, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. miRNA signatures in childhood sarcomas and their clinical implications. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1583-1623. [PMID: 30949930 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progresses in multimodal treatments have significantly improved the outcomes for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, for about one-third of patients with Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or osteosarcoma steady remission has remained intangible. Thus, new biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and the development of precision-targeted medicine remain imperative. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the basic understanding of miRNAs function and in interpreting the contribution of their dysregulation to cancer development and progression. On this basis, this review focuses on what has been learned about the pivotal roles of miRNAs in the regulation of key genes implicated in childhood sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Viera
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - K B Salomao
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - G R de Sousa
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - M Baroni
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - L E A Delsin
- Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil
| | - J A Pezuk
- Anhanguera University of Sao Paulo, UNIAN/SP, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - M S Brassesco
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil.
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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Smith CM, Catchpoole D, Hutvagner G. Non-Coding RNAs in Pediatric Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31616462 PMCID: PMC6764412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors are a diverse group of extracranial solid tumors representing approximately 40% of childhood cancers. Pediatric solid tumors are believed to arise as a result of disruptions in the developmental process of precursor cells which lead them to accumulate cancerous phenotypes. In contrast to many adult tumors, pediatric tumors typically feature a low number of genetic mutations in protein-coding genes which could explain the emergence of these phenotypes. It is likely that oncogenesis occurs after a failure at many different levels of regulation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a group of functional RNA molecules that lack protein coding potential but are essential in the regulation and maintenance of many epigenetic and post-translational mechanisms. Indeed, research has accumulated a large body of evidence implicating many ncRNAs in the regulation of well-established oncogenic networks. In this review we cover a range of extracranial solid tumors which represent some of the rarer and enigmatic childhood cancers known. We focus on two major classes of ncRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which are likely to play a key role in the development of these cancers and emphasize their functional contributions and molecular interactions during tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Smith
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- School of Software, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Tumour Bank-CCRU, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zhang S, Li D, Jiao GJ, Wang HL, Yan TB. miR-185 suppresses progression of Ewing's sarcoma via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7967-7977. [PMID: 30519038 PMCID: PMC6235341 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s167771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs are confirmed to play essential roles in tumorigenesis and progression of cancers, including Ewing's sarcoma. miR-185 has been reported to be downregulated in some tumors, whereas the role of miR-185 in Ewing's sarcoma remains unclear. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miR-185 in the progression and metastasis of Ewing's sarcoma and explore the associated mechanism. Materials and methods Ewing's sarcoma cell line RD-ES was transfected with pCMV-MIR-miR185 vector to upregulate the expression of miR-185. Cell Counting Kit 8 and colony formation assays were used to assess the effect of miR-185 on cell proliferation. The effect of miR-185 on cell migration and invasion was detected by transwell assay. Flow cytometry assay was performed to detect apoptosis rate of RD-ES cells. The protein levels of apoptosis-related proteins was determined using Western blot assay or immunohistochemistry assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the regulation between miR-185 and its target gene. Results Upregulation of miR-185 caused significant inhibition on cell growth capacity, migration and invasion of Ewing's sarcoma cell RD-ES. Besides, upregulation of miR-185 was observed to accelerate cell apoptosis in a mitochondrial pathway through regulating Bcl-2/Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 in Ewing's sarcoma in vitro. Moreover, upregulation of miR-185 was found to suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in RD-ES cells. Furthermore, we identified that E2F6 was a target gene for miR-185, and the suppression on cell proliferation caused by overexpression of miR-185 was significantly rescued by the upregulation of E2F6 in RD-ES cells. Conclusion miR-185 is involved in cell growth, motility and survival of Ewing's sarcoma as a tumor suppressor via suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and targeting E2F6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Jun Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Hong-Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
| | - Ting-Bin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,
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8
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Li L, Song W, Yan X, Li A, Zhang X, Li W, Wen X, Zhou L, Yu D, Hu JF, Cui J. Friend leukemia virus integration 1 promotes tumorigenesis of small cell lung cancer cells by activating the miR-17-92 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41975-41987. [PMID: 28410216 PMCID: PMC5522042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is regarded as the most devastative type of human lung malignancies. The rapid and disseminated growth pattern remains the primary cause of poor clinical prognosis in patients with SCLC. However, the molecular factors that drive rapid progression of SCLC remain unclear. Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an Ets transcription factor family member, has been previously reported to act as a major driver of hematological malignancies. In this study, we explored the potential role of FLI1 in SCLC. Using immunohistochemical staining, we found that FLI1 was significantly upregulated in SCLC tissues, compared to that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal lung tissues (p < 0.01). The expression score of FLI1 oncoprotein was associated with the extensive stage of SCLC and the overexpressed Ki67. Knockdown of FLI1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) promoted apoptosis and induced repression of cell proliferation, tumor colony formation and in vivo tumorigenicity in highly aggressive SCLC cell lines. Importantly, we discovered that FLI1 promoted tumorigenesis by activating the miR-17-92 cluster family. This study uncovers FLI1 as an important driving factor that promotes tumor growth in SCLC through the miR-17-92 pathway. FLI1 may serve as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Song
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ailing Li
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Ye C, Yu X, Liu X, Dai M, Zhang B. miR-30d inhibits cell biological progression of Ewing's sarcoma by suppressing the MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541208 PMCID: PMC5835970 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules involved in cancer initiation and progression. The present study aimed to determine the effect of miRNA-30d (miR-30d) on the growth, malignant phenotype, and apoptosis of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) SK-ES-1 cells, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and signaling pathway involved. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, morphological changes, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were investigated. Furthermore, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were examined, as was the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. It was found that the overexpression of miR-30d repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted morphological changes, S-phase arrest and apoptosis of SK-ES-1 cells. Additionally, it was observed that increased miR-30d levels inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and inhibited the activity of the MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, but elevated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Taken together, the results demonstrated that miR-30d suppressed the biological progression of SK-ES-1 cells by targeting MMP-2 and MMP9, the Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 cascade, and the MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Therefore, miR-30d is a promising target in the treatment of ES. However, further investigations are urgently required to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the effects of miR-30d on ES for a comprehensive understanding of the tumorigenesis and progression of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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10
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Bobbili MR, Mader RM, Grillari J, Dellago H. OncomiR-17-5p: alarm signal in cancer? Oncotarget 2017; 8:71206-71222. [PMID: 29050357 PMCID: PMC5642632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after microRNAs entered the stage as novel regulators of gene expression, they were found to regulate -and to be regulated by- the development, progression and aggressiveness of virtually all human types of cancer. Therefore, miRNAs in general harbor a huge potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. The miR-17-92 cluster was found to be overexpressed in many human cancers and to promote unrestrained cell growth, and has therefore been termed onco-miR-1. In addition, its expression is often dysregulated in many other diseases. MiR-17-5p, its most prominent member, is an essential regulator of fundamental cellular processes like proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis, and its deficiency is neonatally lethal in the mouse. Many cancer types are associated with elevated miR-17-5p expression, and the degree of overexpression might correlate with cancer aggressiveness and responsiveness to chemotherapeutics - suggesting miR-17-5p to be an alarm signal. Liver, gastric or colorectal cancers are examples where miR-17-5p has been observed exclusively as an oncogene, while, in other cancer types, like breast, prostate and lung cancer, the role of miR-17-5p is not as clear-cut, and it might also act as tumor-suppressor. However, in all cancer types studied so far, miR-17-5p has been found at elevated levels in the circulation. In this review, we therefore recapitulate the current state of knowledge about miR-17-5p in the context of cancer, and suggest that elevated miR-17-5p levels in the plasma might be a sensitive and early alarm signal for cancer ('alarmiR'), albeit not a specific alarm for a specific type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Dellago
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Li SC, Vu LT, Luo JJ, Zhong JF, Li Z, Dethlefs BA, Loudon WG, Kabeer MH. Tissue Elasticity Bridges Cancer Stem Cells to the Tumor Microenvironment Through microRNAs: Implications for a "Watch-and-Wait" Approach to Cancer. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 12:455-470. [PMID: 28270089 PMCID: PMC5587377 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x12666170307105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) through which cancer stem cells (CSCs) crosstalk for cancer initiation and progression, may open new treatments different from those centered on the original hallmarks of cancer genetics thereby implying a new approach for suppression of TME driven activation of CSCs. Cancer is dynamic, heterogeneous, evolving with the TME and can be influenced by tissue-specific elasticity. One of the mediators and modulators of the crosstalk between CSCs and mechanical forces is miRNA, which can be developmentally regulated, in a tissue- and cellspecific manner. OBJECTIVE Here, based on our previous data, we provide a framework through which such gene expression changes in response to external mechanical forces can be understood during cancer progression. Recognizing the ways mechanical forces regulate and affect intracellular signals with applications in cancer stem cell biology. Such TME-targeted pathways shed new light on strategies for attacking cancer stem cells with fewer side effects than traditional gene-based treatments for cancer, requiring a "watchand- wait" approach. We attempt to address both normal brain microenvironment and tumor microenvironment as both works together, intertwining in pathology and physiology - a balance that needs to be maintained for the "watch-and-wait" approach to cancer. CONCLUSION This review connected the subjects of tissue elasticity, tumor microenvironment, epigenetic of miRNAs, and stem-cell biology that are very relevant in cancer research and therapy. It attempts to unify apparently separate entities in a complex biological web, network, and system in a realistic and practical manner, i.e., to bridge basic research with clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92697-4292, USA
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Long T. Vu
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | | | - Jiang F. Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Brent A Dethlefs
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - William G. Loudon
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
- Division of Radiation Biology, Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing 400037, China
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Joseph Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92862, USA
| | - Mustafa H. Kabeer
- Neuro-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience Research, CHOC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 1201 West La Veta Ave., Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, 333 City Blvd. West, Suite 700, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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