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Alimohammadi M, Rahimzadeh P, Khorrami R, Bonyadi M, Daneshi S, Nabavi N, Raesi R, Farani MR, Dehkhoda F, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. A comprehensive review of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in multiple myeloma: From molecular interactions to potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155401. [PMID: 38936094 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways contribute to the development of several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). PTEN is a tumor suppressor that influences the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which in turn impacts vital cellular processes like growth, survival, and treatment resistance. The current study aims to present the role of PTEN and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the development of MM and its response to treatment. In addition, the molecular interactions in MM that underpin the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and address potential implications for the development of successful treatment plans are also discussed in detail. We investigate their relationship to both upstream and downstream regulators, highlighting new developments in combined therapies that target the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis to overcome drug resistance, including the use of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. We also emphasize that PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway elements may be used in MM diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Payman Rahimzadeh
- Surgical Research Society (SRS), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bonyadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Nursing, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Farshid Dehkhoda
- Department of Orthopedics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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Nylund P, Garrido-Zabala B, Kalushkova A, Wiklund HJ. The complex nature of lncRNA-mediated chromatin dynamics in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1303677. [PMID: 38148842 PMCID: PMC10750364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1303677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive genome-wide sequencing efforts have unveiled the intricate regulatory potential of long non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the domain of haematological malignancies. Notably, lncRNAs have been found to directly modulate chromatin architecture, thereby impacting gene expression and disease progression by interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins in a tissue- or condition-specific manner. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the intricate epigenetic control of lncRNAs in cancer. Consequently, this provides a rationale to explore the possibility of therapeutically targeting lncRNAs themselves or the epigenetic mechanisms that govern their activity. Within the scope of this review, we will assess the current state of knowledge regarding the epigenetic regulation of lncRNAs and how, in turn, lncRNAs contribute to chromatin remodelling in the context of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helena Jernberg Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wang G, Feng X, Ding J. Molecular basis for the functional roles of the multimorphic T95R mutation of IRF4 causing human autosomal dominant combined immunodeficiency. Structure 2023; 31:1441-1451.e3. [PMID: 37683642 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcription factor that regulates the development and function of immune cells. Recently, a new multimorphic mutation T95R was identified in the IRF4 DNA-binding domain (DBD) in patients with autosomal dominant combined immune deficiency. Here, we characterized the interactions of the wild-type IRF4-DBD (IRF4-DBDWT) and T95R mutant (IRF4-DBDT95R) with a canonical DNA sequence and several noncanonical DNA sequences. We found that compared to IRF4-DBDWT, IRF4-DBDT95R exhibits higher binding affinities for both canonical and noncanonical DNAs, with the highest preference for the noncanonical GATA sequence. The crystal structures of IRF4-DBDWT in complex with the GATA sequence and IRF4-DBDT95R in complexes with both canonical and noncanonical DNAs were determined, showing that the T95R mutation enhances the interactions of IRF4-DBDT95R with the canonical and noncanonical DNAs to achieve higher affinity and specificity. Collectively, our data provide the molecular basis for the gain-of-function and new function of IRF4T95R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Mikulski D, Nowicki M, Dróźdż I, Misiewicz M, Kościelny KP, Okoński K, Krawiec K, Perdas E, Wierzbowska A, Fendler W. High serum miR-223-3p expression level predicts complete response and prolonged overall survival in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1250355. [PMID: 37829335 PMCID: PMC10565214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1250355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction AHSCT is the treatment of choice for newly diagnosed patients with transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM). However, considerable variability in response to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) results in only 50% of patients achieving complete response (CR) after AHSCT, which is directly associated with improved progression-free and overall survival (OS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential predictive role of selected serum miRNAs in MM patients who underwent AHSCT. Patients and methods Serum expression level of 6 miRNAs: miR-221-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-320c, miR-361-3p, and miR-150-5p was evaluated in 51 patients who underwent AHSCT. Blood samples were collected at two time points: before conditioning chemotherapy (T1) and fourteen days after transplant (+14) (T2). Results All selected miRNAs significantly changed their expression level across the procedure- two were up-regulated after AHSCT: hsa-miR-320c (FC 1.42, p<0.0001) and hsa-miR-361-3p (FC 1.35, p=0.0168); four were down-regulated: hsa-miR-15b-5p (FC 0.53, p<0.0001), hsa-miR-221-3p (FC 0.78, p=0.0004), hsa-miR-223-3p (FC 0.74, p=0.0015) and hsa-miR-150-5p (FC 0.75, p=0.0080). Notably, before AHSCT, hsa-miR-223-3p was down-regulated in International Staging System (ISS) III patients (FC=0.76, p=0.0155), and hsa-miR-320c was up-regulated (FC=1.27, p=0.0470). These differences became non-significant after AHSCT. Eight (15.69%) patients achieved CR before AHSCT and 17 patients (33.33%) at +100 days after AHSCT. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, achievement of CR after induction and hsa-miR-223-3p at T1 were independent predictors of CR after AHSCT. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, hsa-miR-223-3p at T1 expression level was associated with prolonged OS (HR 0.06, 95%CI: 0.00 - 0.99, p=0.0488). Conclusion Serum expression of has-miR-223-3p is a predictor of CR and prolonged OS in MM patients undergoing AHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Mikulski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Dróźdż
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Misiewicz
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Piotr Kościelny
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karol Okoński
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Krawiec
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Yu X, Wang J, Gong W, Ma A, Shen Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Cai L, Liu J, Wang GG, Jin J. Dissecting and targeting noncanonical functions of EZH2 in multiple myeloma via an EZH2 degrader. Oncogene 2023; 42:994-1009. [PMID: 36747009 PMCID: PMC10040430 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy with poor prognosis. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) for transcriptional repression. EZH2 have been implicated in numerous hematological malignancies, including MM. However, noncanonical functions of EZH2 in MM tumorigenesis are not well understood. Here, we uncovered a noncanonical function of EZH2 in MM malignancy. In addition to the PRC2-mediated and H3K27me3-dependent canonical function, EZH2 interacts with cMyc and co-localizes with gene activation-related markers, promoting MM tumorigenesis in a PRC2- and H3K27me3-independent manner. Both canonical EZH2-PRC2 and noncanonical EZH2-cMyc complexes can be effectively depleted in MM cells by MS177, an EZH2 degrader we reported previously, leading to profound activation of EZH2-PRC2-associated genes and simultaneous suppression of EZH2-cMyc oncogenic nodes. The MS177-induced degradation of both canonical EZH2-PRC2 and noncanonical EZH2-cMyc complexes also reactivated immune response genes in MM cells. Phenotypically, targeting of EZH2's both canonical and noncanonical functions by MS177 effectively suppressed the proliferation of MM cells both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, this study uncovers a new noncanonical function of EZH2 in MM tumorigenesis and provides a novel therapeutic strategy, pharmacological degradation of EZH2, for treating EZH2-dependent MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Weida Gong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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6
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Mi J, Wang S, Liu P, Liu C, Zhuang D, Leng X, Zhang Q, Bai F, Feng Q, Wu X. CUL4B Upregulates RUNX2 to Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Epigenetically Repressing the Expression of miR-320c and miR-372/373-3p. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921663. [PMID: 35784474 PMCID: PMC9243338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the periodontal ligament (PDL), termed periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), have a self-renewing capability and a multidirectional differentiation potential. The molecular mechanisms that regulate multidirectional differentiation, such as the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, remain to be elucidated. Cullin 4B (CUL4B), which assembles the CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complex, is involved in regulating a variety of developmental and physiological processes including the skeletal development and stemness of cancer stem cells. However, nothing is known about the possible role of CUL4B in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Here, we found that knockdown of CUL4B decreased the proliferation, migration, stemness and osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CUL4B cooperates with the PRC2 complex to repress the expression of miR-320c and miR-372/373-3p, which results in the upregulation of RUNX2, a master transcription factor (TF) that regulates osteogenic differentiation. In brief, the present study reveals the role of CUL4B as a new regulator of osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Mi, ; Xunwei Wu,
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatrics Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dexuan Zhuang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Leng
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Mi, ; Xunwei Wu,
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Zhang N, Shang M, Li H, Wu L, Dong M, Huang B, Lu J, Zhang Y. Dual Inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 Promotes Tumor Cell Senescence without Triggering the Secretion of SASP. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073911. [PMID: 35409271 PMCID: PMC8999616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the most common cancer treatment. Although chemotherapeutic drugs induce tumor cell senescence, they are often associated with post-therapy tumor recurrence by inducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Therefore, it is important to identify effective strategies to induce tumor cell senescence without triggering SASP. In this study, we used the small molecule inhibitors, UNC0642 (G9a inhibitor) and UNC1999 (EZH2 inhibitor) alone or in combination, to inhibit H3K9 and H3K27 methylation in different cancer cells. Dual inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 in highly metastatic tumor cells had a stronger pro-senescence effect than either inhibitor alone and did not trigger SASP in tumor cells. Dual inhibition of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 suppressed the formation of cytosolic chromatin fragments, which inhibited the cGAS-STING-SASP pathway. Collectively, these data suggested that dual inhibition of H3K9 and H3K27 methylation induced senescence of highly metastatic tumor cells without triggering SASP by inhibiting the cGAS-STING-SASP pathway, providing a new mechanism for the epigenetics-based therapy targeting H3K9 and H3K27 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Mengjie Shang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Lan Wu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Meichen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (M.S.); (L.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.); (M.D.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8509-9798
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8
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Vanmechelen B, Stroobants J, Chiu W, Schepers J, Marchand A, Chaltin P, Vermeire K, Maes P. Identification of novel Ebola virus inhibitors using biologically contained virus. Antiviral Res 2022; 200:105294. [PMID: 35337896 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies for Ebola virus disease, treatment options remain limited. Moreover, management and containment of Ebola virus outbreaks is often hindered by the remote nature of the locations in which the outbreaks originate. Small-molecule compounds offer the advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce, transport and store, making them an interesting modality for the development of novel therapeutics against Ebola virus disease. Furthermore, the repurposing of small-molecule compounds, previously developed for alternative applications, can aid in reducing the time needed to bring potential therapeutics from bench to bedside. For this purpose, the Medicines for Malaria Venture provides collections of previously developed small-molecule compounds for screening against other infectious diseases. In this study, we used biologically contained Ebola virus to screen over 4,200 small-molecule drugs and drug-like compounds provided by the Medicines for Malaria Venture (i.e., the Pandemic Response Box and the COVID Box) and the Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3, KU Leuven, Belgium). In addition to confirming known Ebola virus inhibitors, illustrating the validity of our screening assays, we identified eight novel selective Ebola virus inhibitors. Although the inhibitory potential of these compounds remains to be validated in vivo, they represent interesting compounds for the study of potential interventions against Ebola virus disease and might serve as a basis for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joren Stroobants
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Winston Chiu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schepers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchand
- CISTIM Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- CISTIM Leuven vzw, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 2, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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He H, Chen G, Chen CYC. Machine learning and graph neural network for finding potential drugs related to multiple myeloma. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An innovative voting mechanism for virtual drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohuai He
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Guanxing Chen
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Calvin Yu-Chian Chen
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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10
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Singh S, Jain K, Sharma R, Singh J, Paul D. Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvir Singh
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rintu Sharma
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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11
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Kalushkova A, Nylund P, Párraga AA, Lennartsson A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040022. [PMID: 34968247 PMCID: PMC8715477 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
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12
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Schütt J, Nägler T, Schenk T, Brioli A. Investigating the Interplay between Myeloma Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Development of Drug Resistance: Dissecting the Role of Epigenetic Modifications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164069. [PMID: 34439223 PMCID: PMC8392438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite advances made in the last two decades, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease. The genetic complexity of MM and the presence of intra-clonal heterogeneity are major contributors to disease relapse and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, the bone marrow microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in MM disease progression. Together with genetic modifications, epigenetic changes have been shown to influence MM development and progression. However, epigenetic treatments for MM are still lacking. This is mainly due to the high rate of adverse events of epigenetic drugs in clinical practice. In this review, we will focus on the role of epigenetic modifications in MM disease progression and the development of drug resistance, as well as their role in shaping the interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells. The current and future treatment strategies involving epigenetic drugs will also be addressed. Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM). Many studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of bone marrow stromal cells in MM progression and drug resistance. Together with the BM microenvironment (BMME), epigenetics also plays a crucial role in MM development. A variety of epigenetic regulators, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs), are altered in MM, contributing to the disease progression and prognosis. In addition to histone modifications, DNA methylation also plays a crucial role. Among others, aberrant epigenetics involves processes associated with the BMME, like bone homeostasis, ECM remodeling or the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will highlight the importance of the interplay of MM cells with the BMME in the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, we will focus on the epigenetic aberrations in MM and their role in disease evolution, interaction with the BMME, disease progression and development of drug resistance. We will also briefly touch on the epigenetic treatments currently available or currently under investigation to overcome BMME-driven treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Schütt
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Theresa Nägler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Schenk
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine Jena (CMB), Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Clinic of Internal Medicine 2, Hematology and Oncology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Palliative Care, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Nylund P, Atienza Párraga A, Haglöf J, De Bruyne E, Menu E, Garrido-Zabala B, Ma A, Jin J, Öberg F, Vanderkerken K, Kalushkova A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. A distinct metabolic response characterizes sensitivity to EZH2 inhibition in multiple myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:167. [PMID: 33579905 PMCID: PMC7881125 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous haematological disease that remains clinically challenging. Increased activity of the epigenetic silencer EZH2 is a common feature in patients with poor prognosis. Previous findings have demonstrated that metabolic profiles can be sensitive markers for response to treatment in cancer. While EZH2 inhibition (EZH2i) has proven efficient in inducing cell death in a number of human MM cell lines, we hereby identified a subset of cell lines that despite a global loss of H3K27me3, remains viable after EZH2i. By coupling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with gene and miRNA expression profiling, we found that sensitivity to EZH2i correlated with distinct metabolic signatures resulting from a dysregulation of genes involved in methionine cycling. Specifically, EZH2i resulted in a miRNA-mediated downregulation of methionine cycling-associated genes in responsive cells. This induced metabolite accumulation and DNA damage, leading to G2 arrest and apoptosis. Altogether, we unveiled that sensitivity to EZH2i in human MM cell lines is associated with a specific metabolic and gene expression profile post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Berta Garrido-Zabala
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fredrik Öberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Haematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Dual EZH2 and G9a inhibition suppresses multiple myeloma cell proliferation by regulating the interferon signal and IRF4-MYC axis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:7. [PMID: 33436557 PMCID: PMC7803977 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modification play key roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). We previously showed that EZH2, a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase, and G9, a H3K9 methyltransferase, are potential therapeutic targets in MM. Moreover, recent studies suggest EZH2 and G9a cooperate to regulate gene expression. We therefore evaluated the antitumor effect of dual EZH2 and G9a inhibition in MM. A combination of an EZH2 inhibitor and a G9a inhibitor strongly suppressed MM cell proliferation in vitro by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Dual EZH2/G9a inhibition also suppressed xenograft formation by MM cells in vivo. In datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, higher EZH2 and EHMT2 (encoding G9a) expression was significantly associated with poorer prognoses in MM patients. Microarray analysis revealed that EZH2/G9a inhibition significantly upregulated interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and suppressed IRF4-MYC axis genes in MM cells. Notably, dual EZH2/G9a inhibition reduced H3K27/H3K9 methylation levels in MM cells and increased expression of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) genes, which suggests that activation of ERV genes may induce the IFN response. These results suggest that dual targeting of EZH2 and G9a may be an effective therapeutic strategy for MM.
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15
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Identification of miR-320 family members as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in myelodysplastic syndromes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:183. [PMID: 33420276 PMCID: PMC7794569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and the abnormal differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. An increasing number of researches have demonstrated that microRNAs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Herein, we aimed to identify novel potential microRNAs bound up with the diagnosis and prognosis of MDS. MiRNA microarray analysis was used to screen deregulated microRNAs in the bone marrow of MDS patients. qRT-PCR was employed to confirm the microarray results. All members of miR-320 family (miR-320a, miR-320b, miR-320c, miR-320d, and miR-320e) were significantly increased in MDS patients compared to normal control. Although we found no correlation between miR-320 family and most clinical characteristics, high miR-320c and miR-320d expression seemed to be associated with high numbers of bone marrow (BM) blasts and worse karyotype. High expression of all the members of the miR-320 family seemed to be associated with a high prognostic score based on International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). The areas under the miR-320 family member ROC curves were 0.9037 (P < 0.0001), 0.7515 (P = 0.0002), 0.9647 (P < 0.0001), 0.8064 (P < 0.0001) and 0.9019 (P < 0.0001). Regarding Kaplan-Meier analysis, high miR-320c and miR-320d expression were related to shorter overall survival (OS). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed the independent prognostic value of miR-320d for OS in MDS. The expression of miR-320 family members was up-regulated in MDS, and miR-320 family members could serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for MDS. High expression of miR-320d was an independent prognostic factor for OS in MDS.
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16
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Varlet E, Ovejero S, Martinez AM, Cavalli G, Moreaux J. Role of Polycomb Complexes in Normal and Malignant Plasma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218047. [PMID: 33126754 PMCID: PMC7662980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PC) are the main effectors of adaptive immunity, responsible for producing antibodies to defend the body against pathogens. They are the result of a complex highly regulated cell differentiation process, taking place in several anatomical locations and involving unique genetic events. Pathologically, PC can undergo tumorigenesis and cause a group of diseases known as plasma cell dyscrasias, including multiple myeloma (MM). MM is a severe disease with poor prognosis that is characterized by the accumulation of malignant PC within the bone marrow, as well as high clinical and molecular heterogeneity. MM patients frequently develop resistance to treatment, leading to relapse. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators involved in cell fate and carcinogenesis. The emerging roles of PcG in PC differentiation and myelomagenesis position them as potential therapeutic targets in MM. Here, we focus on the roles of PcG proteins in normal and malignant plasma cells, as well as their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Varlet
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (S.O.); (A.-M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Ovejero
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (S.O.); (A.-M.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (S.O.); (A.-M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (S.O.); (A.-M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France; (E.V.); (S.O.); (A.-M.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- UFR Medicine, University of Montpellier, 34003 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-04-6733-7903
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17
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Differential epigenetic regulation between the alternative promoters, PRDM1α and PRDM1β, of the tumour suppressor gene PRDM1 in human multiple myeloma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15899. [PMID: 32985591 PMCID: PMC7522722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm that is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. The transcription factor PRDM1 is a master regulator of plasma cell development and is considered to be an oncosuppressor in several lymphoid neoplasms. The PRDM1β isoform is an alternative promoter of the PRDM1 gene that may interfere with the normal role of the PRDM1α isoform. To explain the induction of the PRDM1β isoform in MM and to offer potential therapeutic strategies to modulate its expression, we characterized the cis regulatory elements and epigenetic status of its promoter. We observed unexpected patterns of hypermethylation and hypomethylation at the PRDM1α and PRDM1β promoters, respectively, and prominent H3K4me1 and H3K9me2 enrichment at the PRDM1β promoter in non-expressing cell lines compared to PRDM1β-expressing cell lines. After treatment with drugs that inhibit DNA methylation, we were able to modify the activity of the PRDM1β promoter but not that of the PRDM1α promoter. Epigenetic drugs may offer the ability to control the expression of the PRDM1α/PRDM1β promoters as components of novel therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Li J, Zou J, Wan X, Sun C, Chu Z, Hu Y. Roles of noncoding RNAs in drug resistance in multiple myeloma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7681-7695. [PMID: 32324301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the administration of new effective drugs in recent years, relapse and drug resistance are still the main obstacles in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, making MM an incurable disease. To overcome drug resistance in MM, it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms of malfunctioning gene expression and develop novel targeted therapies. During the past few decades, with the discovery and characterization of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the landscape of dysregulated ncRNAs of cancers as well as their biological and pathobiological functions in tumorigenesis and drug resistance have been recognized. Studies about ncRNAs improved the understanding of variations of drug response among individuals at a level distinguished from genetic polymorphism, and provided with new orientations for targeted therapies. In this review, we will summarize the emerging impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of the most relevant classes of ncRNAs in drug resistance of MM, and discuss the potential as well as strategies of treating ncRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Chu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Xiong J, Tu Y, Feng Z, Li D, Yang Z, Huang Q, Li Z, Cao Y, Jie Z. Epigenetics mechanisms mediate the miR-125a/BRMS1 axis to regulate invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7513-7525. [PMID: 31571904 PMCID: PMC6753057 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Altered expression of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1), is a tumor suppressor, which is found in many types of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC), but the mechanism by which BRMS1 inhibits invasion and metastasis in GC is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miR-125a/BRMS1 in GC. Materials and methods The expression of BRMS1 and miR-125a were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and analyzed by bioinformatics. BSP and MSP were used to detecte the methylation status of miR-125a and BRMS1 which was treated by 5-Aza or not. Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of BRMS1 and EZH2. Transwell was performed to explore the invasion and metastasis ability of GC cells. The nude mice were used for the tumor formation assay. Results BRMS1 may be regulated by copy number variation (CNV), methylation and miR-125a-5p. As one of the essential components of PRC2, EZH2 is an important regulatory factor resulting in the low expression of miR-125a. An epigenetic mechanism mediates the miR-125a/BRMS1 axis to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of GC cells. In vivo experiments, it is also showed that BRMS1 is involved in invasion and metastasis but not the proliferation in GC. Conclusion These studies shed light on the mechanism of BRMS1 inhibition of GC invasion and metastasis and the development of new drugs targeting the miR-125a/BRMS1 axis, which will be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC and other human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouwen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Jie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Guo W, Chen Y, Gao J, Zhong K, Wei H, Li K, Tang M, Zhao X, Liu X, Nie C, Yuan Z. Diosgenin exhibits tumor suppressive function via down-regulation of EZH2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1745-1758. [PMID: 31213123 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in oncology treatment, this refractory disease is still become intractable. Natural herb product diosgenin is described to exhibit vast range of pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, including anti-cancer activities. Accumulating data demonstrated that Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as an oncogenic protein is over-expressed in various human cancers, including PC. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-cancer properties and molecular basis of diosgenin in PC cells. Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in diosgenin treated Patu8988 and Panc-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell death and G2/M phase arrest were also induced by diosgenin treatment in PC cells. Moreover, obvious inhibition of cell migration and invasive capacities was detected in diosgenin treated PC cells. Mechanistically, the expression levels of EZH2 and its target Vimentin were reduced, and PTEN was promoted after diosgenin exposure. Our results further supported that EZH2 signaling was closely associated with the anti-tumor characteristics of diosgenin in PC cells. Therefore, inhibition of EZH2 by diosgenin could be a promising therapeutic method for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Guo
- a Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Chen
- b Glasgow College , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- c Department of Oncology , Yilong Country People's Hospital , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wei
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tang
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- d Lab of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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21
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Qi J, Shi LY, Wu Y, Shen XJ, Yuan J, Jin CJ, Cong H, Ju SQ. Epigenetic silencing of miR-335 induces migration by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3188-3198. [PMID: 31190579 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1627534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy and remains incurable. MiRNA-335 is a classic tumor suppressor, yet its expression pattern and biological role in MM is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression pattern, biological role, and mechanism of miR-335 in MM. In this study, we found that miR-335 expression was decreased in MM. The promoter of miR-335 was also hypermethylated in MM. It was found that over-expression of miR-335 or 5-azacytidine treatment suppressed migration of MM cells and down-regulated the expression of IGF-1R. MiR-335 thus acts as a metastatic suppressor by targeting IGF-1R in MM. Moreover, aberrant promoter hyper-methylation is critical for miR-335 silencing in MM. We also found that miR-335 assisted in predicting both the prognosis and progression of disease in MM patients. Observations might offer a new complementary diagnostic and therapeutic target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Ying Shi
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian-Juan Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Jing Jin
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shao-Qing Ju
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Harding T, Baughn L, Kumar S, Van Ness B. The future of myeloma precision medicine: integrating the compendium of known drug resistance mechanisms with emerging tumor profiling technologies. Leukemia 2019; 33:863-883. [PMID: 30683909 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that is considered mostly incurable in large part due to the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome refractory disease and inevitable drug-resistant relapse. The post-genomic era has been a productive period of discovery where modern sequencing methods have been applied to large MM patient cohorts to modernize our current perception of myeloma pathobiology and establish an appreciation for the vast heterogeneity that exists between and within MM patients. Numerous pre-clinical studies conducted in the last two decades have unveiled a compendium of mechanisms by which malignant plasma cells can escape standard therapies, many of which have potentially quantifiable biomarkers. Exhaustive pre-clinical efforts have evaluated countless putative anti-MM therapeutic agents and many of these have begun to enter clinical trial evaluation. While the palette of available anti-MM therapies is continuing to expand it is also clear that malignant plasma cells still have mechanistic avenues by which they can evade even the most promising new therapies. It is therefore becoming increasingly clear that there is an outstanding need to develop and employ precision medicine strategies in MM management that harness emerging tumor profiling technologies to identify biomarkers that predict efficacy or resistance within an individual's sub-clonally heterogeneous tumor. In this review we present an updated overview of broad classes of therapeutic resistance mechanisms and describe selected examples of putative biomarkers. We also outline several emerging tumor profiling technologies that have the potential to accurately quantify biomarkers for therapeutic sensitivity and resistance at genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Finally, we comment on the future of implementation for precision medicine strategies in MM and the clear need for a paradigm shift in clinical trial design and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Harding
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Baughn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, USA
| | - Brian Van Ness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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23
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De Smedt E, Lui H, Maes K, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The Epigenome in Multiple Myeloma: Impact on Tumor Cell Plasticity and Drug Response. Front Oncol 2018; 8:566. [PMID: 30619733 PMCID: PMC6297718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that develops primarily in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. MM cells furthermore reshape the BM to their own needs by affecting the different BM stromal cell types resulting in angiogenesis, bone destruction, and immune suppression. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, MM remains most often incurable due to the development of drug resistance to all standard of care agents. This underscores the unmet need for these heavily treated relapsed/refractory patients. Disruptions in epigenetic regulation are a well-known hallmark of cancer cells, contributing to both cancer onset and progression. In MM, sequencing and gene expression profiling studies have also identified numerous epigenetic defects, including locus-specific DNA hypermethylation of cancer-related and B cell specific genes, genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and genetic defects, copy number variations and/or abnormal expression patterns of various chromatin modifying enzymes. Importantly, these so-called epimutations contribute to genomic instability, disease progression, and a worse outcome. Moreover, the frequency of mutations observed in genes encoding for histone methyltransferases and DNA methylation modifiers increases following treatment, indicating a role in the emergence of drug resistance. In support of this, accumulating evidence also suggest a role for the epigenetic machinery in MM cell plasticity, driving the differentiation of the malignant cells to a less mature and drug resistant state. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the role of epigenetics in MM, with a focus on deregulated histone methylation modifiers and the impact on MM cell plasticity and drug resistance. We also provide insight into the potential of epigenetic modulating agents to enhance clinical drug responses and avoid disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Lui
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Tremblay-LeMay R, Rastgoo N, Pourabdollah M, Chang H. EZH2 as a therapeutic target for multiple myeloma and other haematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 30555699 PMCID: PMC6286605 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that is of great interest in human cancer. It has been shown to have a dual nature, as it can act as a gene repressor or activator. Studies have highlighted the various roles of EZH2 in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). It was also shown to have a role in the development of drug resistance in MM. There are several ongoing clinical trials of EZH2 inhibitors in haematological malignancies. Pre-clinical studies have provided a rationale for the therapeutic relevance of EZH2 inhibitors in MM. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the role of EZH2 in MM pathophysiology and drug resistance, with an emphasis on interactions between EZH2 and microRNAs, as well as the prognostic significance of EZH2 expression in MM. Furthermore, results from the pre-clinical studies of EZH2 inhibition in MM and currently available interim results from clinical trials of EZH2 inhibitors in haematological malignancies are presented. Preliminary data exploring anticipated mechanisms of resistance to EZH2 inhibitors are also reviewed. There is therefore strong evidence to support the relevance of targeting EZH2 for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Tremblay-LeMay
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- 2Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Pourabdollah
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Hong Chang
- 1Laboratory medicine program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada.,2Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,3Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
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25
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Herviou L, Kassambara A, Boireau S, Robert N, Requirand G, Müller-Tidow C, Vincent L, Seckinger A, Goldschmidt H, Cartron G, Hose D, Cavalli G, Moreaux J. PRC2 targeting is a therapeutic strategy for EZ score defined high-risk multiple myeloma patients and overcome resistance to IMiDs. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:121. [PMID: 30285865 PMCID: PMC6171329 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease with a poor survival, characterized by the accumulation of myeloma cells (MMCs) within the bone marrow. Epigenetic modifications in MM are associated not only with cancer development and progression, but also with drug resistance. METHODS We identified a significant upregulation of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core genes in MM cells in association with proliferation. We used EPZ-6438, a specific small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, to evaluate its effects on MM cells phenotype and gene expression prolile. RESULTS PRC2 targeting results in growth inhibition due to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis together with polycomb, DNA methylation, TP53, and RB1 target genes induction. Resistance to EZH2 inhibitor is mediated by DNA methylation of PRC2 target genes. We also demonstrate a synergistic effect of EPZ-6438 and lenalidomide, a conventional drug used for MM treatment, activating B cell transcription factors and tumor suppressor gene expression in concert with MYC repression. We establish a gene expression-based EZ score allowing to identify poor prognosis patients that could benefit from EZH2 inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that PRC2 targeting in association with IMiDs could have a therapeutic interest in MM patients characterized by high EZ score values, reactivating B cell transcription factors, and tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Boireau
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilhem Requirand
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR CNRS 5235, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jerome Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- UFR de Médecine, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi-CHRU de Montpellier, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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26
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Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the enzymatic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that exerts important functions during normal development as well as disease. PRC2 through EZH2 tri-methylates histone H3 lysine tail residue 27 (H3K27me3), a modification associated with repression of gene expression programs related to stem cell self-renewal, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cellular transformation. EZH2 is deregulated and subjected to gain of function or loss of function mutations, and hence functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in a context-dependent manner. The development of highly selective inhibitors against the histone methyltransferase activity of EZH2 has also contributed to insight into the role of EZH2 and PRC2 in tumorigenesis, and their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer. EZH2 can function as an oncogene in multiple myeloma (MM) by repressing tumor suppressor genes that control apoptosis, cell cycle control and adhesion properties. Taken together these findings have raised the possibility that EZH2 inhibitors could be a useful therapeutic modality in MM alone or in combination with other targeted agents in MM. Therefore, we review the current knowledge on the regulation of EZH2 and its biological impact in MM, the anti-myeloma activity of EZH2 inhibitors and their potential as a targeted therapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alzrigat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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27
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Agnarelli A, Chevassut T, Mancini EJ. IRF4 in multiple myeloma—Biology, disease and therapeutic target. Leuk Res 2018; 72:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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The biological significance of histone modifiers in multiple myeloma: clinical applications. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:83. [PMID: 30190472 PMCID: PMC6127133 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell disorder that is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations. Recent studies have highlighted not only the importance of these genetic events but also epigenetic aberrations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the biology of MM. Post-translational modifications of histone, such as methylation and acetylation, contribute to chromatin dynamics, and are modulated by histone modifying enzymes, and dysregulation of these enzymes is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers, including MM. Histone modifiers also have non-histone substrates and enzymatically independent roles, which are also involved in tumorigenesis. Here we review and provide comprehensive insight into the biologic significance of histone methyl- and acetyl-modifiers in MM, and further provide an overview of the clinical applications of histone modifier inhibitors, especially histone deacetylase inhibitors. These findings underline the emerging roles of histone modifiers in the pathogenesis of MM, and further highlight the possibility of novel epigenetic therapies in MM.
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29
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Choudhry P, Galligan D, Wiita AP. Seeking Convergence and Cure with New Myeloma Therapies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:567-582. [PMID: 30064664 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For over a decade, the mainstay of multiple myeloma therapy has been small molecules that directly attack malignant plasma cell biology. However, potent immunotherapies have recently emerged, transforming the myeloma therapeutic landscape. Here we first review new promising strategies to target plasma cells through protein homeostasis and epigenetic modulators. We then discuss emerging immunotherapy strategies that are leading to dramatic results in patients. Finally, we focus on recent preclinical data suggesting that enforcing cell-surface antigen expression through small molecules may enhance immunotherapy efficacy and avoid resistance. We argue that these emerging observations point the way toward potential convergence between drug classes. With recent rapid progress we may finally be on the verge of the 'C' word: a cure for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Choudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Derek Galligan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Ezponda T, Dupéré-Richer D, Will CM, Small EC, Varghese N, Patel T, Nabet B, Popovic R, Oyer J, Bulic M, Zheng Y, Huang X, Shah MY, Maji S, Riva A, Occhionorelli M, Tonon G, Kelleher N, Keats J, Licht JD. UTX/KDM6A Loss Enhances the Malignant Phenotype of Multiple Myeloma and Sensitizes Cells to EZH2 inhibition. Cell Rep 2018; 21:628-640. [PMID: 29045832 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss or inactivation of the histone H3K27 demethylase UTX occurs in several malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Using an isogenic cell system, we found that loss of UTX leads to deactivation of gene expression ultimately promoting the proliferation, clonogenicity, adhesion, and tumorigenicity of MM cells. Moreover, UTX mutant cells showed increased in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to inhibition of EZH2, a histone methyltransferase that generates H3K27me3. Such sensitivity was related to a decrease in the levels of IRF4 and c-MYC and an activation of repressors of IRF4 characteristic of germinal center B cells such as BCL6 and IRF1. Rebalance of H3K27me3 levels at specific genes through EZH2 inhibitors may be a therapeutic strategy in MM cases harboring UTX mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ezponda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daphné Dupéré-Richer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 2033, USA
| | - Christine M Will
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eliza C Small
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nobish Varghese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tej Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Relja Popovic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jon Oyer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marinka Bulic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yupeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mrinal Y Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sayantan Maji
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 2033, USA
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 2033, USA
| | - Manuela Occhionorelli
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 70126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 70126, Italy
| | - Neil Kelleher
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Keats
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 2033, USA.
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31
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Dysregulation of EZH2/miR-138 axis contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma by downregulating RBPMS. Leukemia 2018; 32:2471-2482. [PMID: 29743723 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EZH2 overexpression and its role in drug resistance of MM remain undefined. Here we show that EZH2 is upregulated in drug-resistant MM cells and its aberrant overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of MM patients. Overexpression of EZH2 in parental MM cells renders them resistant to anti-myeloma drugs and suppression of EZH2 displays the opposite effects. Using miRNA target scan algorithms, we identify miR-138 as a regulator of EZH2, which is conversely repressed by EZH2-induced H3K27 trimethylation in MM-resistant cell lines and primary tumor cells. Analysis of ChIP-seq dataset and H3K27me3 ChIP reveals that RBPMS is a direct and functionally relevant target of EZH2. RBPMS silencing confers resistance to MM cells and restoration of RBPMS by miR-138 overexpression re-sensitizes the resistant cells to drug. Importantly, in vivo delivery of miR-138 mimics or pharmacological inhibitor of EZH2 in combination with a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, induces significant regression of tumors in xenograft model. This study establishes EZH2/miR-138 axis as a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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32
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EZH2 inhibitors sensitize myeloma cell lines to panobinostat resulting in unique combinatorial transcriptomic changes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21930-21942. [PMID: 29774113 PMCID: PMC5955152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a largely incurable hematologic cancer due to an inability to broadly target inevitable drug-resistant relapse. Epigenetic abnormalities are abundantly present in multiple myeloma and have increasingly demonstrated critical roles for tumor development and relapse to standard therapies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the histone methyltransferase EZH2 is aberrantly active in MM. We tested the efficacy of EZH2 specific inhibitors in a large panel of human MM cell lines (HMCLs) and found that only a subset of HMCLs demonstrate single agent sensitivity despite ubiquitous global H3K27 demethylation. Pre-treatment with EZH2 inhibitors greatly enhanced the sensitivity of HMCLs to the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in nearly all cases regardless of single agent EZH2 inhibitor sensitivity. Transcriptomic profiling revealed large-scale transcriptomic alteration by EZH2 inhibition highly enriched for cancer-related pathways. Combination treatment greatly increased the scale of gene expression change with a large portion of differentially expressed genes being unique to the combination. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that combination treatment further perturbed oncogenic pathways and signaling nodes consistent with an antiproliferative/pro-apoptotic state. We conclude that combined inhibition of HDAC and EZH2 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy to broadly target the epigenetic landscape of aggressive MM.
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33
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Guo M, Price MJ, Patterson DG, Barwick BG, Haines RR, Kania AK, Bradley JE, Randall TD, Boss JM, Scharer CD. EZH2 Represses the B Cell Transcriptional Program and Regulates Antibody-Secreting Cell Metabolism and Antibody Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1039-1052. [PMID: 29288200 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic remodeling is required during B cell differentiation. However, little is known about the direct functions of epigenetic enzymes in Ab-secreting cells (ASC) in vivo. In this study, we examined ASC differentiation independent of T cell help and germinal center reactions using mice with inducible or B cell-specific deletions of Ezh2 Following stimulation with influenza virus or LPS, Ezh2-deficient ASC poorly proliferated and inappropriately maintained expression of inflammatory pathways, B cell-lineage transcription factors, and Blimp-1-repressed genes, leading to fewer and less functional ASC. In the absence of EZH2, genes that normally gained histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation were dysregulated and exhibited increased chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, EZH2 was also required for maximal Ab secretion by ASC, in part due to reduced mitochondrial respiration, impaired glucose metabolism, and poor expression of the unfolded-protein response pathway. Together, these data demonstrate that EZH2 is essential in facilitating epigenetic changes that regulate ASC fate, function, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Benjamin G Barwick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Robert R Haines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - John E Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322;
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Li H, Wang X, Wen C, Huo Z, Wang W, Zhan Q, Cheng D, Chen H, Deng X, Peng C, Shen B. Long noncoding RNA NORAD, a novel competing endogenous RNA, enhances the hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:169. [PMID: 29121972 PMCID: PMC5679488 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer, one of the top two most fatal cancers, is characterized by a desmoplastic reaction that creates a dense microenvironment, promoting hypoxia and inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to facilitate invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence indicates that the long noncoding RNA NORAD may be a potential oncogenic gene and that this lncRNA is significantly upregulated during hypoxia. However, the overall biological role and clinical significance of NORAD remains largely unknown. Methods NORAD expression was measured in 33 paired cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples by real-time PCR. The effects of NORAD on pancreatic cancer cells were studied by overexpression and knockdown in vitro. Insights into the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were gained from bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assays. In vivo, metastatic potential was identified using an orthotopic model of PDAC and quantified using bioluminescent signals. Alterations in RhoA expression and EMT levels were identified and verified by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results NORAD is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and upregulated in hypoxic conditions. NORAD upregulation is correlated with shorter overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, NORAD overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells, while NORAD depletion inhibited EMT and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In particular, NORAD may function as a ceRNA to regulate the expression of the small GTP binding protein RhoA through competition for hsa-miR-125a-3p, thereby promoting EMT. Conclusions Elevated expression of NORAD in pancreatic cancer tissues is linked to poor prognosis and may confer a malignant phenotype upon tumor cells. NORAD may function as a ceRNA to regulate the expression of the small GTP binding protein RhoA through competition for hsa-miR-125a-3p. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of the role played by lncRNAs in hypoxia-induced EMT and provide a potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-017-0738-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Li
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlei Wen
- Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weishen Wang
- Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfeng Cheng
- Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Pancreatic Disease Centre, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Regulation of HOXA11-AS/miR-214-3p/EZH2 axis on the growth, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1504-1513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abdi J, Rastgoo N, Li L, Chen W, Chang H. Role of tumor suppressor p53 and micro-RNA interplay in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:169. [PMID: 29073933 PMCID: PMC5659022 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulated wild type (wt) p53 in multiple myeloma (MM) have been subjects of intense investigation for years. Indeed, correlation of rarely occurring TP53 gene mutations or deletions with adverse clinical outcomes in MM patients is strongly established, while in majority of cases wtp53 seems to be non-functional or dysregulated bearing a high clinical impact. Interestingly, findings from recent investigations show that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to suppression of wtp53 in MM, as they are now known to function as key regulatory elements in the p53 network. This area is shedding new light on understanding the biologic effects of dysregulated p53 in MM pathogenesis especially drug resistance. miRNAs such as miR-125b (oncomiR) or miR-34a (tumor suppressor-miR) can be negative or positive regulators of wtp53 function, respectively, with specific effects on MM cell viability. On the other hand, our knowledge of miRNA interaction with mutant (mt) p53 in MM, which is rather related to disease progression and resistance to therapy, is limited which demands in-depth exploration. Here, we will put forward the current knowledge on miRNA-p53 interaction in MM and its role in MM pathogenesis including drug resistance. We will also highlight the pre-clinical approaches for therapeutic application of miRNAs targeting p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Next generation sequencing and large-scale analysis of patient specimens has created a more complete picture of multiple myeloma (MM) revealing that epigenetic deregulation is a prominent factor in MM pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Over half of MM patients have mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifier enzymes. The DNA methylation profile of MM is related to the stage of the disease and certain classes of mutations in epigenetic modifiers are more prevalent upon disease relapse, suggesting a role in disease progression. Many small molecules targeting regulators of epigenetic machinery have been developed and clinical trials are underway for some of these in MM. SUMMARY Recent findings suggest that epigenetic targeting drugs could be an important strategy to cure MM. Combining these agents along with other strategies to affect the MM cell such as immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors may enhance efficacy of combination regimens in MM.
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38
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Alzrigat M, Párraga AA, Majumder MM, Ma A, Jin J, Österborg A, Nahi H, Nilsson K, Heckman CA, Öberg F, Kalushkova A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. The polycomb group protein BMI-1 inhibitor PTC-209 is a potent anti-myeloma agent alone or in combination with epigenetic inhibitors targeting EZH2 and the BET bromodomains. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103731-103743. [PMID: 29262596 PMCID: PMC5732762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of plasmablasts/plasma cells (PCs) characterized by the expansion of malignant PCs with complex genetic aberrations in the bone marrow (BM). Recent reports, by us and others, have highlighted the polycomb group (PcG) proteins as potential targets for therapy in MM. The PcG protein BMI-1 of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) has been reported to be overexpressed and to possess oncogenic functions in MM. Herein, we report on the anti-myeloma effects of the BMI-1 inhibitor PTC-209 and demonstrate that PTC-209 is a potent anti-myeloma agent in vitro using MM cell lines and primary MM cells. We show that PTC-209 reduces the viability of MM cells via induction of apoptosis and reveal that the anti-MM actions of PTC-209 are mediated by on-target effects i.e. downregulation of BMI-1 protein and the associated repressive histone mark H2AK119ub, leaving other PRC1 subunits such as CBX-7 and the catalytic subunit RING1B unaffected. Importantly, we demonstrate that PTC-209 exhibits synergistic and additive anti-myeloma activity when combined with other epigenetic inhibitors targeting EZH2 and BET bromodomains. Collectively, these data qualify BMI-1 as a candidate for targeted therapy in MM alone or in combinations with epigenetic inhibitors directed to PRC2/EZH2 or BET bromodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alzrigat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muntasir Mamun Majumder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anqi Ma
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hareth Nahi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik Öberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Liu Y, Li Y, Ren Z, Si W, Li Y, Wei G, Zhao W, Zhou J, Tian Y, Chen D. MicroRNA-125a-3p is involved in early behavioral disorders in stroke-afflicted rats through the regulation of Cadm2. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1851-1859. [PMID: 29039453 PMCID: PMC5716446 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes carry a significant risk of mortality and recurrent vascular events. Recent studies suggest that changes in microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) may affect the development of the stroke. However, few studies have investigated the role of miRNAs in behavioral disorder in early stroke. In the present study, animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are used, as well as a cell model of neurite outgrowth to further investigate the role of miRNAs in targeting synapse-associated proteins expression in early stroke. The authors used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the cortex tissue samples from the rats of MCAO and control rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. Data indicated that miR-125a was significantly increased in the cortex of the model of MCAO, which were concomitant with that rats of MCAO at the same age displayed significant behavioral deficits. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the cell adhesion molecule 2 (Cadm2, mRNA) neurite outgrowth-associated protein is targeted by miR-125a. Overexpression of miR-125a reduced the level of Cadm2 expression in PC12 cell injury induced by free-serum. In contrast, inhibition of miR-125a using miR-125a inhibitors significantly resulted in higher levels of Cadm2 expression. In conclusion, miR-125a is involved in the behavioral disorder of animal models of MCAO by regulation of Cadm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Center of Sanxi Community Health Service, Shenzhen Dapeng District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Si
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- Research and Development of New Drugs, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Zhao
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yage Tian
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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40
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Epigenetics in multiple myeloma: From mechanisms to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:101-115. [PMID: 28962927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of antibody producing plasmablasts/plasma cells that resides within the bone marrow (BM). In addition to the well-established role of genetic lesions and tumor-microenvironment interactions in the development of MM, deregulated epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as important in MM pathogenesis. Recently, MM sequencing and expression projects have revealed that mutations and copy number variations as well as deregulation in the expression of epigenetic modifiers are characteristic features of MM. In the past decade, several studies have suggested epigenetic mechanisms via DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs as important contributing factors in MM with impacts on disease initiation, progression, clonal heterogeneity and response to treatment. Herein we review the present view and knowledge that has accumulated over the past decades on the role of epigenetics in MM, with focus on the interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and the potential use of epigenetic inhibitors as future treatment modalities for MM.
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41
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Ma Z, Huang H, Wang J, Zhou Y, Pu F, Zhao Q, Peng P, Hui B, Ji H, Wang K. Long non-coding RNA SNHG15 inhibits P15 and KLF2 expression to promote pancreatic cancer proliferation through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84153-84167. [PMID: 29137412 PMCID: PMC5663584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as an critical regulator in multiple cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Recently, lncRNA SNHG15 was found to be up-regulated in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, exerting oncogenic effects. Nevertheless, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of SNHG15 remain unclear in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we reported that SNHG15 expression was also upregulated in PC tissues, and its overexpression was remarkably associated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with PC. SNHG15 knockdown inhibited proliferative capacities and suppressed apoptotic rate of PC cells in vitro, and impaired in-vivo tumorigenicity. Additionally, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays showed that SNHG15 epigenetically repressed the P15 and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression via binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (CHIP) assays demonstrated that EZH2 was capable of binding to promoter regions of P15 and KLF2 to induce histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that SNHG15 oncogenic function partially involved P15 and KLF2 repression. Consistently, an inverse correlation between the expression of SNHG15 and traget genes were found in PC tissues. Our results reported that SNHG15 could act as an oncogene in PC, revealing its potential value as a biomarker for early detection and individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Pu
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Hui
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chen SM, Wang BY, Lee CH, Lee HT, Li JJ, Hong GC, Hung YC, Chien PJ, Chang CY, Hsu LS, Chang WW. Hinokitiol up-regulates miR-494-3p to suppress BMI1 expression and inhibits self-renewal of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76057-76068. [PMID: 29100291 PMCID: PMC5652685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a tropolone-related compound that has anti-microbe, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. Cancer stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with tumor initiation, chemoresistant, and metastatic properties and have been considered the important therapeutic target in future cancer therapy. Previous studies reported that hinokitiol exhibits an anti-cancer activity against murine tumor cells through the induction of autophagy. The current research revealed that hinokitiol suppressed the self-renewal capabilities of human breast CSCs (BCSCs) and inhibited the expression of BMI1 at protein level without suppressing its mRNA. Treatment of hinokitiol in mammospheres induced the expression of miR-494-3p and inhibition of miR-494-3p expression in BCSCs. This treatment abolished the suppressive effects of hinokitiol in mammosphere formation and BMI1 expression. BMI1 is a target of miR-494-3p by luciferase-based 3′UTR reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-494-3p in BCSCs caused the down-regulation of BMI1 protein, inhibition of mammosphere forming capability, and suppression of their tumorigenicity. Moreover, miR-494-3p expression was significantly and inversely correlated with patient survival in two independent public database sets. Furthermore, treatment of hinokitiol in vivo suppressed the growth of xenograft human breast tumors as well as the expression of BMI1 and ALDH1A1 in xenograft tumors. In conclusion, these data suggest that hinokitiol targets BCSCs through the miR-494-3p-mediated down-modulation of BMI1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jung Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ci Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ying Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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43
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Rastgoo N, Abdi J, Hou J, Chang H. Role of epigenetics-microRNA axis in drug resistance of multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:121. [PMID: 28623912 PMCID: PMC5474298 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite administration of novel therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with resistance to drugs leading to relapse in most patients. Thus, it is critical to understand the detailed mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of MM and develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Genetic abnormalities are well known to play a central role in MM pathogenesis and therapy resistance; however, epigenetic aberrations mainly affecting the patterns of DNA methylation/histone modifications of genes (especially tumor suppressors) and miRNAs have also been shown to be involved. Importantly, while epigenetic silencing of miRNAs in MM is well documented, some epigenetic markers are known to be direct targets of miRNAs particularly the recently described "epimiRNAs". Drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers (e.g., HDACs, EZH2) can sensitize MM-resistant cells to anti-myeloma drugs and reversibility of epigenetic changes makes these drugs promising therapeutic agents. Therefore, combination of miRNA mimics with inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers would be a more potent therapeutic strategy in MM patients in relapse or refractory to treatments. In this review, we will discuss the findings of recent investigations on epigenetics/miRNA regulatory axis in development of drug resistance in MM and highlight possible approaches for therapeutic applications of such interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex involved in H3K27 trimethylation. Aberrant PRC2 activity has been reported in several cancers and EZH2 overexpression has been associated with poor outcome in different tumors. EZH2 somatic mutations and deletions was found in lymphomas, myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders and associated with higher H3K27me3 levels. Numerous chemical entities have been studied as EZH2 inhibitors in the recent years and some of them entered the cancer clinical arena. Areas covered: This review summarizes recent efforts in the drug development of EZH2 inhibitors reported in the patent literature covering the 2014-2016 period, and their potential use as therapeutics mainly in cancerous diseases. Expert opinion: Despite the number of compounds described, only a few of them entered the clinical arena. Moreover, most of the compounds developed share a common 2-pyridone ring pharmacophore. Recently, secondary mutants have been described to be resistant to the standard EZH2 inhibitors treatment. Based on these data a lot of effort is still required to find new chemical entities that inhibit EZH2 directly, or indirectly (via PRC2 disruption). Several issues are still to be settled, such as drug resistance and the importance of selectivity over EZH1 or somatic EZH2 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Stazi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
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Alzrigat M, Jernberg-Wiklund H. The miR-125a and miR-320c are potential tumor suppressor microRNAs epigenetically silenced by the polycomb repressive complex 2 in multiple myeloma. RNA & DISEASE 2017; 4. [PMID: 28664185 PMCID: PMC5485917 DOI: 10.14800/rd.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously presented the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) as a potential therapeutic target in Multiple Myeloma (MM). In a recent article in Oncotarget by Alzrigat. et al. 2017, we have reported on the novel finding that EZH2 inhibition using the highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 enzymatic activity, UNC1999, reactivated the expression of microRNA genes previously reported to be underexpressed in MM. Among these, we have identified miR-125a-3p and miR-320c as potential tumor suppressor microRNAs as they were predicted to target MM-associated oncogenes; IRF-4, XBP-1 and BLIMP-1. We also found EZH2 inhibition to reactivate the expression of miR-494, a previously reported regulator of the c-MYC oncogene. In addition, we could report that EZH2 inhibition downregulated the expression of a few well described oncogenic microRNAs in MM. The data from our recent article are here highlighted as it shed a new light onto the oncogenic function of the PRC2 in MM. These data further strengthen the notion that the PRC2 complex may be of potential therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alzrigat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
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