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The Release of a Highly Cytotoxic Paullone Bearing a TEMPO Free Radical from the HSA Hydrogel: An EPR Spectroscopic Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061174. [PMID: 35745747 PMCID: PMC9227768 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows the potential of a thermally induced human serum albumin (HSA) hydrogel to serve as a drug depot for sustained release of a highly cytotoxic modified paullone ligand bearing a TEMPO free radical (HL). The binding of HL to HSA was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging. The EPR protocol was also implemented for the study of matrix degradation, and ligand diffusion rate, in two additional spin-labeled hydrogels, containing 5-doxylstearate and 3-carbamoyl-proxyl. The results showed that the hydrogel is an efficient HL reservoir as it retained 60% of the ligand during 11 days of dialysis in physiological saline. Furthermore, upon incubation with Colo 205 human colon adenocarcinoma cells for 3 days, the HL/HSA hydrogel did not exhibit cytotoxic activity, demonstrating that it is also an efficient ligand depot in the presence of living cells. It was observed that the percentage of HL release is independent of its initial concentration in the hydrogel, suggesting that HSA possesses a specific binding site for the ligand, most likely Sudlow site 2, as predicted by molecular docking. The intrinsic property of albumin to bind and transport various substances, including hydrophobic drugs, may be fine-tuned by appropriate physical/chemical hydrogel preparation procedures, providing optimal drug delivery.
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Polyphenol Extracts from Grape Seeds and Apple Can Reactivate Latent HIV-1 Transcription through Promoting P-TEFb Release from 7SK snRNP. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6055347. [PMID: 35178129 PMCID: PMC8843978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6055347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The principal barrier for the eradication of HIV/AIDS is the virus latency. One of the effective strategies so called “shock and kill” is to use latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate the latent HIV reservoirs and then combine them with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to eradicate the virus. However, most of the current LRAs are too toxic; therefore, they have not been used clinically. Our preliminary data indicated that polyphenols from grape seeds can activate HIV in latently infected Jurkat T cells. Owing to a lot of food containing polyphenols and based on a reasoning whether all of these kinds of polyphenols contain the latency-reversing function, in this study, we screened 22 fruits/vegetables to see whether polyphenols from these can reactivate latent HIV-1 transcription. We finally proved that the polyphenols from grape seeds, apple, pomegranate, and bilberry can reactivate latent HIV-1 transcription. The activation of which can be detected on the level of protein and mRNA. The activation of which is in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while the activated polyphenol extracts have the effects to stimulate Tat-independent HIV-1 transcription. The mechanism shows that polyphenol extracts from grape seeds and apple can stimulate P-TEFb's release from 7SK snRNP to induce HIV gene transcription. These results indicate that using a few food of high-content polyphenols as latent activators and combining HARRT may be of great use for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the future.
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Iacobazzi RM, Arduino I, Di Fonte R, Lopedota AA, Serratì S, Racaniello G, Bruno V, Laquintana V, Lee BC, Silvestris N, Leonetti F, Denora N, Porcelli L, Azzariti A. Microfluidic-Assisted Preparation of Targeted pH-Responsive Polymeric Micelles Improves Gemcitabine Effectiveness in PDAC: In Vitro Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010005. [PMID: 35008170 PMCID: PMC8750671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This research suggests a new potential therapeutic approach to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to improve drug effectiveness and overcome drug resistance. A double actively targeted gemcitabine delivery system, consisting of polymeric micelles, was developed by microfluidic technique to ensure a narrow size distribution, a good colloidal stability, and drug-encapsulation efficiency for the selective and controlled release of the loaded drug, in response to the pH variations and uPAR expression in tumors. In vitro studies assessed that the release of the drug in the acidic environment was higher than in the neutral one, and that the pH-responsive and uPAR-targeted polymeric micelles enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine in models resembling the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a great challenge to the successful delivery of the anticancer drugs. The intrinsic characteristics of the PDAC microenvironment and drugs resistance make it suitable for therapeutic approaches with stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs), such as pH, within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, the high expression of uPAR in PDAC can be exploited for a drug receptor-mediated active targeting strategy. Here, a pH-responsive and uPAR-targeted Gemcitabine (Gem) DDS, consisting of polymeric micelles (Gem@TpHResMic), was formulated by microfluidic technique to obtain a preparation characterized by a narrow size distribution, good colloidal stability, and high drug-encapsulation efficiency (EE%). The Gem@TpHResMic was able to perform a controlled Gem release in an acidic environment and to selectively target uPAR-expressing tumor cells. The Gem@TpHResMic displayed relevant cellular internalization and greater antitumor properties than free Gem in 2D and 3D models of pancreatic cancer, by generating massive damage to DNA, in terms of H2AX phosphorylation and apoptosis induction. Further investigation into the physiological model of PDAC, obtained by a co-culture of tumor spheroids and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), highlighted that the micellar system enhanced the antitumor potential of Gem, and was demonstrated to overcome the TME-dependent drug resistance. In vivo investigation is warranted to consider this new DDS as a new approach to overcome drug resistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberta Di Fonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Simona Serratì
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Viviana Bruno
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy–Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (I.A.); (A.A.L.); (G.R.); (V.L.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0805442767 (N.D.); +39-0805555986 (L.P.)
| | - Letizia Porcelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0805442767 (N.D.); +39-0805555986 (L.P.)
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.M.I.); (R.D.F.); (V.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Haiaty S, Rashidi MR, Akbarzadeh M, Maroufi NF, Yousefi B, Nouri M. Targeting vasculogenic mimicry by phytochemicals: A potential opportunity for cancer therapy. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:825-841. [PMID: 32026601 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is regarded as a process where very aggressive cancer cells generate vascular-like patterns without the presence of endothelial cells. It is considered as the main mark of malignant cancer and has pivotal role in cancer metastasis and progression in various types of cancers. On the other hand, resistance to the antiangiogenesis therapies leads to the cancer recurrence. Therefore, development of novel chemotherapies and their combinations is urgently needed for abolition of VM structures and also for better tumor therapy. Hence, identifying compounds that target VM structures might be superior therapeutic factors for cancers treatment and controlling the recurrence and metastasis. In recent times, naturally occurring compounds, especially phytochemicals have obtained great attention due to their safe properties. Phytochemicals are also capable of targeting VM structure and also their main signaling pathways. Consequently, in this review article, we illustrated key signaling pathways in VM, and the phytochemicals that affect these structures including curcumin, genistein, lycorine, luteolin, columbamine, triptolide, Paris polyphylla, dehydroeffusol, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, isoxanthohumol, dehydrocurvularine, galiellalactone, oxacyclododecindione, brucine, honokiol, ginsenoside Rg3, and norcantharidin. The recognition of these phytochemicals and their safety profile may lead to new therapeutic agents' development for VM elimination in different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Haiaty
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nazila F Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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CAFs and TGF-β Signaling Activation by Mast Cells Contribute to Resistance to Gemcitabine/Nabpaclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030330. [PMID: 30866547 PMCID: PMC6468868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor⁻stroma interactions are of key importance for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Our aim was to investigate whether cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and mast cells (MC) affected the sensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine/nabpaclitaxel (GEM/NAB). For this purpose, the combination cytotoxicity and the effect on tumor invasion and angiogenesis were evaluated with or without a conditioned medium from the mast cell line HMC-1 (human mast cell line-1 cells) and CAFs. Beside the clinical outcome of a homogenous population of PDAC patients, receiving GEM/NAB, was correlated to the circulating levels of mast cell tryptase and to a panel of inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines. CAFs neither affected drugs' cytotoxicity nor the inhibition of angiogenesis, but promoted tumor cell invasion. The MC instead, caused resistance to drugs by reducing apoptosis, by activating the TGF-β signalling and by promoting tumor invasion. Indeed, the inhibition of TβRI serine/threonine kinase activity by galunisertib restored drugs cytotoxicity. Moreover, MC induced the release of TGF-β1, and increased expression of PAR-2, ERK1/2 and Akt activation. Accordingly, TGF-β1, tryptase and other pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines increased in the unresponsive patients. In conclusion, MC play a pivotal role in the resistance to GEM/NAB. A correlation between high level of circulating pro-inflammatory/ immunosuppressive cytokines and unresponsiveness was found in PDAC patients.
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Badr El-Din NK, Ali DA, Abou-El-Magd RF. Grape seeds and skin induce tumor growth inhibition via G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Nutrition 2019; 58:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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