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Li Z, Xuan Y, Ghatak S, Guda PR, Roy S, Sen CK. Modeling the gene delivery process of the needle array-based tissue nanotransfection. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:3409-3421. [PMID: 36275042 PMCID: PMC9581438 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hollow needle array-based tissue nanotransfection (TNT) presents an in vivo transfection approach that directly translocate exogeneous genes to target tissues by using electric pulses. In this work, the gene delivery process of TNT was simulated and experimentally validated. We adopted the asymptotic method and cell-array-based model to investigate the electroporation behaviors of cells within the skin structure. The distribution of nonuniform electric field across the skin results in various electroporation behavior for each cell. Cells underneath the hollow microchannels of the needle exhibited the highest total pore numbers compared to others due to the stronger localized electric field. The percentage of electroporated cells within the skin structure, with pore radius over 10 nm, increases from 25% to 82% as the applied voltage increases from 100 to 150 V/mm. Furthermore, the gene delivery behavior across the skin tissue was investigated through the multilayer-stack-based model. The delivery distance increased nonlinearly as the applied voltage and pulse number increased, which mainly depends on the diffusion characteristics and electric conductivity of each layer. It was also found that the skin is required to be exfoliated prior to the TNT procedure to enhance the delivery depth. This work provides the foundation for transition from the study of murine skin to translation use in large animals and human settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yi Xuan
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Poornachander R. Guda
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zuo Y, Yi L, Lu S. Dermal fibroblast from superficial layers of pig skin exhibits more proliferative capacity than that from deep layers. J Tissue Viability 2021; 31:278-285. [PMID: 34895969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further examine the feasibility of using pigs as an animal model for the study of dermal fibroblast heterogeneity and to explore the proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts from different layers of pig skin in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured superficial and deep dermal fibroblasts were subjected to cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemical staining and western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigens. Moreover, skin samples autografted with superficial/deep dermal fibroblasts were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. RESULTS The cell growth assay showed that the growth curve of the superficial dermal fibroblast was progressively higher than that of the deep layer. The cell cycle analysis showed that the (G2+S) percentage of the superficial dermal fibroblasts was significantly higher than that of the deep layer fibroblasts. The immunocytochemical staining and western blotting showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the cultured superficial dermal fibroblast was significantly higher than that of the deep layer cells. The immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the skin samples autografted with the superficial dermal fibroblast was significantly higher than that of the deep layer. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that similar to human dermal fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts from different layers of pig skin exhibit distinct proliferative capacity, which increases the feasibility of using pigs as an animal model for future studies on the heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, SiJing Hospital of SongJiang District, Shanghai, China; Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hamilton DW, Walker JT, Tinney D, Grynyshyn M, El-Warrak A, Truscott E, Flynn LE. The pig as a model system for investigating the recruitment and contribution of myofibroblasts in skin healing. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 30:45-63. [PMID: 34708478 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the skin-healing field, porcine models are regarded as a useful analogue for human skin due to their numerous anatomical and physiological similarities. Despite the widespread use of porcine models in skin healing studies, the initial origin, recruitment and transition of fibroblasts to matrix-secreting contractile myofibroblasts are not well defined for this model. In this review, we discuss the merit of the pig as an animal for studying myofibroblast origin, as well as the challenges associated with assessing their contributions to skin healing. Although a variety of wound types (incisional, partial thickness, full thickness, burns) have been investigated in pigs in attempts to mimic diverse injuries in humans, direct comparison of human healing profiles with regards to myofibroblasts shows evident differences. Following injury in porcine models, which often employ juvenile animals, myofibroblasts are described in the developing granulation tissue at 4 days, peaking at Days 7-14, and persisting at 60 days post-wounding, although variations are evident depending on the specific pig breed. In human wounds, the presence of myofibroblasts is variable and does not correlate with the age of the wound or clinical contraction. Our comparison of porcine myofibroblast-mediated healing processes with those in humans suggests that further validation of the pig model is essential. Moreover, we identify several limitations evident in experimental design that need to be better controlled, and standardisation of methodologies would be beneficial for the comparison and interpretation of results. In particular, we discuss anatomical location of the wounds, their size and depth, as well as the healing microenvironment (wet vs. moist vs. dry) in pigs and how this could influence myofibroblast recruitment. In summary, although a widespread model used in the skin healing field, further research is required to validate pigs as a useful analogue for human healing with regards to myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Tinney
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Grynyshyn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander El-Warrak
- Animal Care and Veterinary Services, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Truscott
- Animal Care and Veterinary Services, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Qu S, Yi J, Chen Z, Zhou J. A Potential Filling Material for Wound Healing and Shaping: Acellular Dermal Matrix Combined with Autologous Dermis. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:740-748. [PMID: 31624892 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently used subcutaneous fillers are not effective enough. The use of autologous tissues or cells will reduce immune rejection and increase the stability of the fillers, while increasing the absorbability of filling materials. To establish a durable and safe filling material, we herein combined acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with autologous dermal cells and tested the performance of this matrix in wound healing and shaping. METHODS To prepare the ADM, stratified skin was obtained from the back of two New Zealand rabbits and decellularized to obtain ADM. The ADM was ultrasonically mixed with as-prepared autologous dermis in vitro. The mixture was injected as a subcutaneous filler into the back area of 20 New Zealand rabbits. In this procedure, different concentration ratios of the mixture were injected, and the volume change of the filler was measured and categorized into five groups. At 4 months and 8 months after filling, samples were obtained for quantitative evaluation of the thickness and vessel density, as well as qualitative evaluation of colonization. RESULTS Examination of the ADM conformed that the matrix had no cells. ADM and the prepared autologous dermis were evenly mixed, and the filler was gradually absorbed. The comprehensive evaluation of ADM and autologous dermis mixture showed that group C had the best filling effect with the least infiltration of inflammatory cells and the highest vascular density compared to A, B, D and E groups in the study. CONCLUSION When combined at the ratio of 50%:50%, the autologous dermis combined and acellular dermal matrix showed better performance compared to the other four different ratios in this study. This implies that this combination is potentially safer, effective and stable as a filling material compared to ADM or dermal matrix alone. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Ventura RD, Padalhin AR, Kim B, Park M, Lee BT. Evaluation of bone regeneration potential of injectable extracellular matrix (ECM) from porcine dermis loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zuo Y, Wei J, Chen H. Utilizing Human Dermal Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Autologous Dermal Fibroblast Therapy: An Overcomplicated Strategy or a Promising Approach? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2126-2131. [PMID: 31433908 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity has been acknowledged for several decades and a large body of in vitro studies has been performed with zonal dermal fibroblast, current autologous dermal fibroblast therapies do not reflect human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. To determine if the utilization of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in autologous dermal fibroblast therapy is more of a translational perspective that may thus be more likely to make it to the clinic, this article critically reviews the previous studies on dermal fibroblast heterogeneity performed to date. We found that in vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity have run nearly parallel to the in vivo study of autologous dermal fibroblast therapy. Although several human to nude mice xenotransplantation experiments have been performed in different layers of human dermal fibroblast, their clinical significance remains to be considered. We conclude that there is still a great gap between basic experiments and the clinical employment of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. To overcome this, it is necessary to conduct clinical trials, which might be restricted by ethical issues. Alternatively, it might be easier to conduct in vivo studies in animal models. Based on our previous study of dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in pigs, we propose the use of pigs as a good animal model for dermal fibroblast heterogeneity. Time will show whether the utilization of human dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in autologous dermal fibroblast therapy is an overcomplicated strategy or a promising approach. Anat Rec, 302:2126-2131, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Li A, Feng F, Jiang Q, Sun H, Chai Y, Yang R, Wang Z, Hou J, Li R. Effect of the hyaluronic acid-poloxamer hydrogel on skin-wound healing: in vitro and in vivo studies. Animal Model Exp Med 2019; 2:107-113. [PMID: 31392303 PMCID: PMC6600631 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research into skin injury and wound healing has focused mainly on post-trauma hemostasis, infection prevention, dermal regeneration and angiogenesis. However, less attention has been paid to air permeability and moisture loss prevention which also play important roles in injury healing. METHODS In the present work, we prepared a hyaluronic acid-poloxamer (HA-POL) hydrogel and tested the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel on skin-wound healing. RESULTS The HA-POL hydrogel transformed from sol to gel at 30°C, close to body temperature, and had stable moisturizing properties. HA-POL hydrogel promoted skin-wound healing and increased protein accumulation in the wound area. HA-POL hydrogel allowed greater air permeability than Band-aid, a typical wound covering. Results from transwell assays showed that the HA-POL hydrogel effectively isolated skin-wounds from bacterial invasion. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the advantages of using HA-POL gel materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyFifth Hospital of Qingdao CityQingdaoShandong ProvincePeople's Republic of China
| | - Fan Feng
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huiwei Sun
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Chai
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruichuang Yang
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational MedicineFifth Medical CenterGeneral Hospital of Chinese PLABeijingPeople's Republic of China
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