1
|
Baby S, Shinde SD, Kulkarni N, Sahu B. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitors: Peptides as an Emerging Class of Therapeutics. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2144-2155. [PMID: 37812385 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the epigenetic regulator lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been associated with the incidence of many diseases, particularly cancer, and it has evolved as a promising epigenetic target over the years for treatment. The advent of LSD1 inhibitor-based clinical utility began with tranylcypromine, and it is now considered an inevitable scaffold in the search for other irreversible novel LSD1 inhibitors (IMG-7289 or bomedemstat, ORY1001 or iadademstat, ORY-2001 or vafidemstat, GSK2879552, and INCB059872). Moreover, numerous reversible inhibitors for LSD1 have been reported in the literature, including clinical candidates CC-90011 (pulrodemstat) and SP-2577 (seclidemstat). There is parallel mining for peptide-based LSD1 inhibitors, which exploits the opportunities in the LSD1 substrate binding pocket. This Review highlights the research progress on reversible and irreversible peptide/peptide-derived LSD1 inhibitors. For the first time, we comprehensively organized the peptide-based LSD1 inhibitors from the design strategy. Peptide inhibitors of LSD1 are classified as H3 peptide and SNAIL1 peptide derivatives, along with miscellaneous peptides that include naturally occurring LSD1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephin Baby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Suchita Dattatray Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dreher RD, Theisen ER. Lysine specific demethylase 1 is a molecular driver and therapeutic target in sarcoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1076581. [PMID: 36686841 PMCID: PMC9846348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1076581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a diverse group of tumors with numerous oncogenic drivers, and display varied clinical behaviors and prognoses. This complexity makes diagnosis and the development of new and effective treatments challenging. An incomplete understanding of both cell of origin and the biological drivers of sarcomas complicates efforts to develop clinically relevant model systems and find new molecular targets. Notably, the histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is overexpressed in a number of different sarcomas and is a potential therapeutic target in these malignancies. With the ability to modify histone marks, LSD1 is a key player in many protein complexes that epigenetically regulate gene expression. It is a largely context dependent enzyme, having vastly different and often opposing roles depending on the cellular environment and which interaction partners are involved. LSD1 has been implicated in the development of many different types of cancer, but its role in bone and soft tissue sarcomas remains poorly understood. In this review, we compiled what is known about the LSD1 function in various sarcomas, to determine where knowledge is lacking and to find what theme emerge to characterize how LSD1 is a key molecular driver in bone and soft tissue sarcoma. We further discuss the current clinical landscape for the development of LSD1 inhibitors and where sarcomas have been included in early clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Dreher
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emily R. Theisen
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han J, Yoon J, Shin J, Nam E, Qian T, Li Y, Park K, Lee SH, Lim MH. Conformational and functional changes of the native neuropeptide somatostatin occur in the presence of copper and amyloid-β. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1021-1030. [PMID: 35817963 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative disorders can lead to impaired neurotransmission; however, the role of pathogenic factors associated with these diseases and their impact on the structures and functions of neurotransmitters have not been clearly established. Here we report the discovery that conformational and functional changes of a native neuropeptide, somatostatin (SST), occur in the presence of copper ions, metal-free amyloid-β (Aβ) and metal-bound Aβ (metal-Aβ) found as pathological factors in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. These pathological elements induce the self-assembly of SST and, consequently, prevent it from binding to the receptor. In the reverse direction, SST notably modifies the aggregation profiles of Aβ species in the presence of metal ions, attenuating their cytotoxicity and interactions with cell membranes. Our work demonstrates a loss of normal function of SST as a neurotransmitter and a gain of its modulative function against metal-Aβ under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongcheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kiyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LI ZR, GU MZ, XU X, ZHANG JH, ZHANG HL, HAN C. Promising natural lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors for cancer treatment: advances and outlooks. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:241-257. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Wang J, Yu Q, Qiu Z, Dai T, Wang S, Yang X, Evers BM, Wu Y. The combined effect of epigenetic inhibitors for LSD1 and BRD4 alters prostate cancer growth and invasion. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:397-415. [PMID: 31901895 PMCID: PMC6977660 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in prostate tumor development and progression. Epigenetic drugs are emerging as effective modulators of gene expression that act on pathways potentially important in the control of cancer clinically. We investigated two different epigenetic modulating drugs, SP-2509 and JQ1, that target histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1), and bromodomain-containing protein (BRD), respectively and their combined effect in three different prostate cancer (PCa) types: 1) androgen receptor (AR)-positive and androgen-sensitive; 2) AR-positive but castration-resistant; and 3) androgen-nonresponsive. We found combined treatment provided a synergistic growth inhibition in castration-resistant PCa cells but knockdown of AR reduced sensitivity to both inhibitors in these cells. In the androgen-sensitive cell lines, AR knockdown attenuated sensitivity to the LSD1 inhibitor but not the JQ1 inhibitor. Strikingly, treatment with SP-2509 slightly, and JQ1 markedly increased invasion in PCa cells with high AR expression but decreased invasion in PCa cells with low/negative AR expression. Our results suggest that these two epigenetic drugs are novel and promising compounds for the development of PCa therapeutics, particularly for castration-resistant disease. However, due to the potential risks, including metastasis, caution must be exercised in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Tao Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Xiuwei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
LSD1/KDM1A, a Gate-Keeper of Cancer Stemness and a Promising Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121821. [PMID: 31756917 PMCID: PMC6966601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new exciting area in cancer research is the study of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the translational implications for putative epigenetic therapies targeted against them. Accumulating evidence of the effects of epigenetic modulating agents has revealed their dramatic consequences on cellular reprogramming and, particularly, reversing cancer stemness characteristics, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance. Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) plays a well-established role in the normal hematopoietic and neuronal stem cells. Overexpression of LSD1 has been documented in a variety of cancers, where the enzyme is, usually, associated with the more aggressive types of the disease. Interestingly, recent studies have implicated LSD1 in the regulation of the pool of CSCs in different leukemias and solid tumors. However, the precise mechanisms that LSD1 uses to mediate its effects on cancer stemness are largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on LSD1's role in normal and cancer stem cells, highlighting the analogies of its mode of action in the two biological settings. Given its potential as a pharmacological target, we, also, discuss current advances in the design of novel therapeutic regimes in cancer that incorporate LSD1 inhibitors, as well as their future perspectives.
Collapse
|
7
|
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Histone H3 Peptide-Based LSD1 Inactivators Incorporating α,α-Disubstituted Amino Acids with γ-Turn-Inducing Structures. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051099. [PMID: 29734782 PMCID: PMC6099693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) mainly removes methyl groups of mono- or di-methylated lysine residues at the fourth position of histone H3 to epigenetically regulate the expression of genes associated with several diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, LSD1 inactivators are expected to be used as therapeutic agents. In this study, to identify novel peptide-based LSD1 inactivators, we focused on the X-ray structure of LSD1 complexed with a H3 peptide-based suicide substrate. It has been proposed that a methylated histone substrate forms three consecutive γ-turn structures in the active pocket of LSD1. Based on this, we designed and synthesized novel histone H3 peptide-based LSD1 inactivators 2a⁻c by incorporating various α,α-disubstituted amino acids with γ-turn-inducing structures. Among synthetic peptides 2a⁻c, peptide 2b incorporating two 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acids at both sides of a lysine residue bearing a trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine (PCPA) moiety, which is a pharmacophore for LSD1 inactivation, was the most potent and selective LSD1 inactivator. These findings are useful for the further development of histone H3 peptide-based LSD1 inactivators.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou J, Cao Z, Panwar N, Hu R, Wang X, Qu J, Tjin SC, Xu G, Yong KT. Functionalized gold nanorods for nanomedicine: Past, present and future. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
9
|
Zheng L, Guan ZJ, Pan WT, Du TF, Zhai YJ, Guo J. Tanshinone Suppresses Arecoline-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Epigenetically Reactivating the p53 Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 26:483-494. [PMID: 28550687 PMCID: PMC7844836 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14941825760362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) induced by chewing of the areca nut has been considered to be a precancerous lesion with a high probability of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tanshinone (TSN) is the main component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese medicine, which was found to have diverse pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor. In the current study, we aimed to identify the inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanism of TSN on OSF progress. We found that treatment with TSN inhibited the arecoline-mediated proliferation of primary human oral mucosal fibroblasts and reversed the promotive effects of arecoline on the EMT process. By RNA deep sequencing, we screened two possible targets for TSN: LSD1 and p53. We confirmed that p53 is much lower in OSF than in normal mucous tissues. In addition, p53 and its downstream molecules were decreased by arecoline treatment in oral mucosal fibroblasts, which was reversed by treatment with TSN in a dose-dependent manner. Our results also revealed that arecoline stimulation resulted in hypermethylation of the promoter of TP53 and subsequent downregulation of p53 levels, which was reversed by TSN. Furthermore, we identified that LSD1 could epigenetically activate TP53 by recruiting H3K27me1 and H3K4m2 to its promoter. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which TSN influences arecoline-induced OSF and rationale for the development of clinical intervention strategies for OSF and even oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zheng
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Zhen-Jie Guan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Pan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Tian-Feng Du
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhai
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yi DK, Nanda SS, Kim K, Tamil Selvan S. Recent progress in nanotechnology for stem cell differentiation, labeling, tracking and therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9429-9451. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology advancements for stem cell differentiation, labeling, tracking and therapeutic applications in cardiac repair, bone, and liver regeneration are delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry
- Myongji University
- Yongin 449-728
- South Korea
| | | | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|