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Behrooz AB, Vazifehmand R, Tajudin AA, Masarudin MJ, Sekawi Z, Masomian M, Syahir A. Tailoring drug co-delivery nanosystem for mitigating U-87 stem cells drug resistance. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1253-1269. [PMID: 34405338 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of brain tumor, which generally has a poor prognosis. According to consensus, recurrence of the tumor and chemotherapy resistance acquisition are the two distinguishing features of GBM originated from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). To eliminate these obstacles inherent in GBM chemotherapy, targeting GSCs through a smart drug delivery system has come to the front position of GBM therapeutics. In this study, B19 aptamer (Apt)-conjugated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G4C12 dendrimer nanoparticles (NPs), called Apt-NPs, were formulated for the co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and temozolomide (TMZ) to U-87 stem cells. These drugs were loaded using a double emulsification solvent evaporation method. As a result, drug-loaded Apt-NPs significantly inhibited the tumor growth of U-87 stem cells, by the initiation of apoptosis via the downregulation of autophagic and multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. Additionally, by their downregulation by qPCR of CD133, CD44, SOX2, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, cell proliferation has substantially decreased. Altogether, the results demonstrate that this intelligent drug co-delivery system is capable of effectively transferring PTX and TMZ to U-87 stem cells and without any toxic effect on Apt-NPs alone to U-87 stem cells. Furthermore, the designed dendrimer-based pharmaceutical system along with single-stranded B19 aptamer might be utilized as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of U-87 stem cells drug resistance in the GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Reza Vazifehmand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Human Genetic, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asilah Ahmad Tajudin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malihe Masomian
- Centre of Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Science, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zhou C, Yi C, Yi Y, Qin W, Yan Y, Dong X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang R, Wei J, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J. LncRNA PVT1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathway through modulating the miR-619-5p/Pygo2 and miR-619-5p/ATG14 axes. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 32727463 PMCID: PMC7389684 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and has an extremely poor diagnosis and prognosis. The development of resistance to gemcitabine is still a major challenge. The long noncoding RNA PVT1 was reported to be involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance; however, the mechanism by which PVT1 regulates the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine remains poorly understood. METHODS The viability of pancreatic cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay in vitro and xenograft tumor formation assay in vivo. The expression levels of PVT1 and miR-619-5p were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to assess the protein and mRNA levels of Pygo2 and ATG14, respectively. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under confocal microscopy and autophagic vacuole investigation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional role and mechanism of PVT1 were further investigated by gain- and loss-of-function assays in vitro. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated that PVT1 was up-regulated in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that PVT1 impaired sensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. We further found that PVT1 up-regulated the expression of both Pygo2 and ATG14 and thus regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagic activity to overcome gemcitabine resistance through sponging miR-619-5p. Moreover, we discovered three TCF/LEF binding elements (TBEs) in the promoter region of PVT1, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediated by the up-regulation of Pygo2 increased PVT1 expression by direct binding to the TBE region. Furthermore, PVT1 was discovered to interact with ATG14, thus promoting assembly of the autophagy specific complex I (PtdIns3K-C1) and ATG14-dependent class III PtdIns3K activity. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PVT1 plays a critical role in the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and highlight its potential as a valuable target for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Changhua Yi
- Nanjing Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University (the Second Hospital of Nanjing), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Nanjing Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University (the Second Hospital of Nanjing), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Qin
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Yan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Xueying Dong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Nanjing Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University (the Second Hospital of Nanjing), Nanjing, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, 28 NanLi Road, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei, China.
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Bach DH, Lee SK. The Potential Impacts of Tylophora Alkaloids and their Derivatives in Modulating Inflammation, Viral Infections, and Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4709-4725. [PMID: 30047325 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180726123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapies or antitumor agents mainly remain the backbone of current treatment based on killing the rapidly dividing cancer cell such as tylophora alkaloids and their analogues which have also demonstrated anticancer potential through diverse biological pathways including regulation of the immune system. The introduction of durable clinically effective monoclonal antibodies, however, unmasked a new era of cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the understanding of cancer pathogenesis will provide new possible treatment options, including cancer immunotherapy and targeted agents. Combining cytotoxic agents and immunotherapies may offer several unique advantages that are complementary to and potentially synergistic with biologic modalities. Herein, we highlight the dynamic mechanism of action of immune modulation in cancer and the immunological aspects of the orally active antitumor agents tylophora alkaloids and their analogues. We also suggest that future cancer treatments will rely on the development of combining tumor-targeted agents and biologic immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Deng J, Liu AD, Hou GQ, Zhang X, Ren K, Chen XZ, Li SSC, Wu YS, Cao X. N-acetylcysteine decreases malignant characteristics of glioblastoma cells by inhibiting Notch2 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:2. [PMID: 30606241 PMCID: PMC6319015 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating primary intracranial malignancy lacking effective clinical treatments. Notch2 has been established to be a prognostic marker and probably involved in GBM malignant progression. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of intracellular glutathione (GSH), has been widely implicated in prevention and therapy of several cancers. However, the role of NAC in GBM remains unclear and the property of NAC independent of its antioxidation is largely unknown. METHODS The mRNA and protein levels of Notch family and other related factors were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry-based DCFH-DA. Moreover, cell viability was assessed by CCK8 and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry-based PI staining. The level of apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry-based Annexin V/PI. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. At last, U87 Xenograft model was established to confirm whether NAC could restrain the growth of tumor. RESULTS Our data showed that NAC could decrease the protein level of Notch2. Meanwhile, NAC had a decreasing effect on the mRNA and protein levels of its downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1. These effects caused by NAC were independent of cellular GSH and ROS levels. The mechanism of NAC-mediated Notch2 reduction was elucidated by promoting Notch2 degradation through Itch-dependent lysosome pathway. Furthermore, NAC could prevent proliferation, migration, and invasion and might induce apoptosis in GBM cells via targeting Notch2. Significantly, NAC could suppress the growth of tumor in vivo. CONCLUSIONS NAC could facilitate Notch2 degradation through lysosomal pathway in an antioxidant-independent manner, thus attenuating Notch2 malignant signaling in GBM cells. The remarkable ability of NAC to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth may implicate a novel application of NAC on GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - An-Dong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guo-Qing Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuan-Zuo Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yao-Song Wu
- The Institute of Cancer Molecular Mechanisms & Drug Targets, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Lu Z, Xu H, Yu X, Wang Y, Huang L, Jin X, Sui D. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells by downregulating the protein kinase B signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:1277-1284. [PMID: 29434714 PMCID: PMC5776618 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor for children aged <5 years old. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a ginsenoside extracted from Pananx quinquefolium L., which inhibits tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of the present study was to assess the anticancer activities of 20(S)-PPD in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity of 20(S)-PPD on HepG2 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins was identified by western blotting. The results demonstrated that 20(S)-PPD inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell in a dose and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values were 81.35, 73.5, 48.79 µM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation following 20(S)-PPD treatment were detected by DAPI staining. The percentage of Annexin V-fluoroscein isothyiocyanate positive cells were 3.73, 17.61, 23.44 and 65.43% in HepG2 cells treated with 0, 40, 50 and 60 µM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Furthermore, 20(S)-PPD upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and also activated caspases-3 and −9, and Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase cleavage. In addition, 20(S)-PPD inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt; Ser473). The results indicate that 20(S)-PPD inhibits the viability of HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by inhibiting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Wang L. miR-34a attenuates glioma cells progression and chemoresistance via targeting PD-L1. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1485-1492. [PMID: 28721584 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of miR-34a in progression and chemoresistance of glioma cells. RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that miR-34a level was lower, but PD-L1 expression level was higher in glioma tissue specimens compared with normal brain tissues and their expression levels were negatively correlated. Ectopic expression of miR-34a inhibited glioma cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase and cell apoptosis. Additionally, miR-34a/PD-L1 axis was again confirmed and co-expression of PD-L1 with miR-34a mimics attenuated the effects of miR-34a on cell proliferation and apoptosis in glioma cells. Importantly, PD-L1 overexpression resulted in chemoresistance in glioma cells, this effect was attenuated by miR-34a overexpression. CONCLUSIONS miR-34a inhibits glioma cells progression and chemoresistance via targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Xinyan Road, Shijiazhuang City, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
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