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Lau A, Le N, Nguyen C, Kandpal RP. Signals transduced by Eph receptors and ephrin ligands converge on MAP kinase and AKT pathways in human cancers. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110579. [PMID: 36572189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors, the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and ephrin ligands have been implicated in a variety of human cancers. The novel bidirectional signaling events initiated by binding of Eph receptors to their cognate ephrin ligands modulate many cellular processes such as proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, invasion, and apoptosis. The relationships between the abundance of a unique subset of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands with associated cellular processes indicate a key role of these molecules in tumorigenesis. The combinatorial expression of these molecules converges on MAP kinase and/or AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. The intracellular target proteins of the initial signal may, however, vary in some cancers. Furthermore, we have also described the commonality of up- and down-regulation of individual receptors and ligands in various cancers. The current state of research in Eph receptors illustrates MAP kinase and mTOR pathways as plausible targets for therapeutic interventions in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lau
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Nghia Le
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Claudia Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Raj P Kandpal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America.
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2
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Eph Receptors in Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020315. [PMID: 36830852 PMCID: PMC9953285 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases play critical functions during development, in the formation of tissue and organ borders, and the vascular and neural systems. Uniquely among tyrosine kinases, their activities are controlled by binding to membrane-bound ligands, called ephrins. Ephs and ephrins generally have a low expression in adults, functioning mainly in tissue homeostasis and plasticity, but are often overexpressed in cancers, where they are especially associated with undifferentiated or progenitor cells, and with tumour development, vasculature, and invasion. Mutations in Eph receptors also occur in various tumour types and are suspected to promote tumourigenesis. Ephs and ephrins have the capacity to operate as both tumour promoters and tumour suppressors, depending on the circumstances. They have been demonstrated to impact tumour cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumour development, angiogenesis, and metastases in vivo, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, successful development of therapies will require detailed understanding of the opposing roles of Ephs in various cancers. In this review, we discuss the variations in Eph expression and functions in a variety of malignancies. We also describe the multiple strategies that are currently available to target them in tumours, including preclinical and clinical development.
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Crosstalk between the peripheral nervous system and breast cancer influences tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cha JH, Chan LC, Wang YN, Chu YY, Wang CH, Lee HH, Xia W, Shyu WC, Liu SP, Yao J, Chang CW, Cheng FR, Liu J, Lim SO, Hsu JL, Yang WH, Hortobagyi GN, Lin C, Yang L, Yu D, Jeng LB, Hung MC. Ephrin receptor A10 monoclonal antibodies and the derived chimeric antigen receptor T cells exert an antitumor response in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101817. [PMID: 35278434 PMCID: PMC8988001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin receptor A10 (EphA10), which is undetectable in most normal tissues except for the male testis, has been shown to correlate with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, EphA10 could be a potential therapeutic target, likely with minimal adverse effects. However, no effective clinical drugs against EphA10 are currently available. Here, we report high expression levels of EphA10 in tumor regions of breast, lung, and ovarian cancers as well as in immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we developed anti-EphA10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize cell surface EphA10, but not other EphA family isoforms, and target tumor regions precisely in vivo with no apparent accumulation in other organs. In syngeneic TNBC mouse models, we found that anti-EphA10 mAb clone #4 enhanced tumor regression, therapeutic response rate, and T cell–mediated antitumor immunity. Notably, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells derived from clone #4 significantly inhibited TNBC cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that targeting EphA10 via EphA10 mAbs and EphA10-specific chimeric antigen receptor–T cell therapy may represent a promising strategy for patients with EphA10-positive tumors.
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Anti-diabetic drug metformin inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in gallbladder cancer via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:231-240. [PMID: 31815765 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is the most common biliary tract cancer with poor prognosis and wide variation in incidence rates worldwide, being very high in some countries in Latin America and Asia. Treatment of type 2 diabetes with metformin causes a reduction in the incidence of cancer. Till date, there are no reports on the anti-tumor effects of metformin in gall bladder cancer. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of metformin on the proliferation of human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as explored the microRNAs associated with the anti-tumor effects of metformin. Metformin inhibited the proliferation in gallbladder adenocarcinoma cell lines NOZ, TGBC14TKB, and TGBC24TKB, and blocked the G0 to G1 transition in the cell cycle. This was accompanied by strong reduction in the expression of G1 cyclins, especially cyclin D1 and its catalytic subunits including cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and in retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. In addition, metformin reduced the phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially Tie-2, ALK, PYK, EphA4, and EphA10, as well as angiogenesis-related proteins, including RANTES, TGF-β, and TIMP-1. Moreover, metformin also markedly altered microRNA expression profile leading to an anti-tumor effect. Treatment of athymic nude mice bearing xenograft tumors with metformin inhibited tumor growth. These results suggest that metformin may be used clinically for the treatment of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
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McCullough D, Atofanei C, Knight E, Trim SA, Trim CM. Kinome scale profiling of venom effects on cancer cells reveals potential new venom activities. Toxicon 2020; 185:129-146. [PMID: 32682827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel and relevant cancer therapeutics is continuous and ongoing. Cancer adaptations, resulting in therapeutic treatment failures, fuel this continuous necessity for new drugs to novel targets. Recently, researchers have started to investigate the effect of venoms and venom components on different types of cancer, investigating their mechanisms of action. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprise a family of highly conserved and functionally important druggable targets for cancer therapy. This research exploits the novelty of complex venom mixtures to affect phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and related RTK family members, dually identifying new activities and unexplored avenues for future cancer and venom research. Six whole venoms from diverse species taxa, were evaluated for their ability to illicit changes in the phosphorylated expression of a panel of 49 commonly expressed RTKs. The triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 was treated with optimised venom doses, pre-determined by SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis. The phosphorylated expression levels of 49 RTKs in response to the venoms were assessed with the use of Human Phospho-RTK Arrays and analysed using ImageLab 5.2.1 analysis software (BioRad). Inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation occurred with treatment of venom from Acanthoscurria geniculata (Theraphosidae), Heterometrus swammerdami (Scorpionidae), Crotalus durissus vegrandis (Crotalidae) and Naja naja (Elapidae). Western green mamba Dendroaspis viridis venom increased EGFR phosphorylation. Eph, HGFR and HER were the most affected receptor families by venoms. Whilst the importance of these changes in terms of effect on MDA-MB-468 cells' long-term viability and functionality are still unclear, the findings present exciting opportunities for further investigation as potential drug targets in cancer and as tools to understand better how these pathways interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McCullough
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Cristina Atofanei
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Emily Knight
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK; Life Sciences Industry Liaison laboratory, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Steven A Trim
- Venomtech Ltd., Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Carol M Trim
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
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Shin WS, Park MK, Lee YH, Kim KW, Lee H, Lee ST. The catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase EphA10 promotes tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3292-3302. [PMID: 32644283 PMCID: PMC7469775 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA10 (erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A10) is a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase in the ephrin receptor family. Although EphA10 is involved in the malignancy of some types of cancer, its role as an oncogene has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the influence of EphA10 on the tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells. Analysis of expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas confirmed that EphA10 was elevated and higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues in some cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. EphA10 silencing reduced the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of MIA PaCa‐2 and AsPC‐1 pancreatic cancer cells. These effects were reversed by overexpression of EphA10 in MIA PaCa‐2 cells. Importantly, overexpression and silencing of EphA10 respectively increased and decreased the weight, volume, and number of Ki‐67‐positive proliferating cells in MIA PaCa‐2 xenograft tumors. Further, EphA10 expression was positively correlated with invasion and gelatin degradation in MIA PaCa‐2 cells. Moreover, overexpression of EphA10 enhanced the expression and secretion of MMP‐9 in MIA PaCa‐2 cells and increased the expression of MMP‐9 and the vascular density in xenograft tumors. Finally, expression of EphA10 increased the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, AKT, FAK, and NF‐κB, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Therefore, we suggest that EphA10 plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic epithelial cells and is a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Young Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Buckens OJ, El Hassouni B, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. The role of Eph receptors in cancer and how to target them: novel approaches in cancer treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:567-582. [PMID: 32348169 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1762566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors are among the largest family of tyrosine kinases that are divided into two classes: EphA and EphB receptors. Over the past two decades, their role in cancer has become more evident. AREAS COVERED There is a need for new anticancer treatments and more insight in the emerging role of Eph receptors in cancer. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic effects of Eph receptors could be exploited for future therapeutic strategies. This review describes the variability in expression levels and different effects on oncogenic and tumor suppressive downstream signaling of Eph receptors in various cancer types, and the small molecules, antibodies and peptides that target these receptors. EXPERT OPINION The complexity of Eph signaling is a challenge for the definition of clear targets for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, numerous drugs that target EphA2 and EphB4 are currently in clinical trials. However, some Eph targeted drugs also inhibit other tyrosine kinases, so it is unclear to what extent the targeting of Eph receptors contributes to their efficacy. Future research is warranted for an improved understanding of the full network in which Eph receptors function. This will be critical for the improvement of the anticancer effects of drugs that target the Eph receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Buckens
- Amsterdam University College , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC, CCA , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Btissame El Hassouni
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC, CCA , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC, CCA , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza , Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUMC, CCA , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk, Poland
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Liang LY, Patel O, Janes PW, Murphy JM, Lucet IS. Eph receptor signalling: from catalytic to non-catalytic functions. Oncogene 2019; 38:6567-6584. [PMID: 31406248 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, are linked with proliferative disease, such as cancer, as a result of their deregulated expression or mutation. Unlike other tyrosine kinases that have been clinically targeted, the development of therapeutics against Eph receptors remains at a relatively early stage. The major reason is the limited understanding on the Eph receptor regulatory mechanisms at a molecular level. The complexity in understanding Eph signalling in cells arises due to following reasons: (1) Eph receptors comprise 14 members, two of which are pseudokinases, EphA10 and EphB6, with relatively uncharacterised function; (2) activation of Eph receptors results in dimerisation, oligomerisation and formation of clustered signalling centres at the plasma membrane, which can comprise different combinations of Eph receptors, leading to diverse downstream signalling outputs; (3) the non-catalytic functions of Eph receptors have been overlooked. This review provides a structural perspective of the intricate molecular mechanisms that drive Eph receptor signalling, and investigates the contribution of intra- and inter-molecular interactions between Eph receptors intracellular domains and their major binding partners. We focus on the non-catalytic functions of Eph receptors with relevance to cancer, which are further substantiated by exploring the role of the two pseudokinase Eph receptors, EphA10 and EphB6. Throughout this review, we carefully analyse and reconcile the existing/conflicting data in the field, to allow researchers to further the current understanding of Eph receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Yu Liang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Onisha Patel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peter W Janes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Liu F, Shangli Z, Hu Z. CAV2 promotes the growth of renal cell carcinoma through the EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6209-6216. [PMID: 30288056 PMCID: PMC6163017 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-2 (CAV2) is reported to have an important role in cancer. The following study investigated the expression and function of CAV2 in kidney cancer in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to determine CAV2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in kidney cancer cell line OS-RC-2 and clinical specimens. The role of CAV2 in maintaining kidney cancer malignant phenotype was examined by wound healing assay, Matrigel invasion assays and mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Results Higher expression of CAV2 was found in renal cell carcinoma tissue compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, increased expression of CAV2 was associated with cancer progression. Also, silencing of CAV2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of EGFR, PI3K and p-Akt in OS-RC-2 cells in vitro, and OS-RC-2 xenograft growth in vivo. Conclusion Our results revealed that CAV2 promotes the growth of renal cell carcinoma through EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhi Shangli
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhili Hu
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Ma CT, Luo HS, Gao F, Tang QC, Chen W. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by interacting with E-cadherin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2606-2612. [PMID: 30013655 PMCID: PMC6036566 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Fusobacterium nucleatum is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Previous studies have explored whether F. nucleatum may trigger colonic epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The results of the present study demonstrated that F. nucleatum enhances the proliferation and invasion of NCM460 cells compared with that of normal control and DH5α cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum significantly increased the phosphorylation of p65 (a subunit of nuclear factor-κB), as well as the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection did not affect the expression levels of epithelial (E-)cadherin and β-catenin. E-cadherin knockdown in NCM460 cells did not induce the activation of inflammatory responses in response to F. nucleatum infection, whereas it increased inflammation in response to β-catenin silencing. F. nucleatum infection could not increase the proportion of cells at S phase when E-cadherin was silenced. Nevertheless, F. nucleatum infection enhanced the proportion of NCM460 cells at S phase when transfected with small interfering RNAs to knock down β-catenin expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection interacted with E-cadherin instead of β-catenin, which in turn enhances the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr He-Sheng Luo, Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 8320001, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Cai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, RenMin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Viewing the Eph receptors with a focus on breast cancer heterogeneity. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:160-171. [PMID: 30055288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of different family members of the Eph/ephrin system, which comprises the Eph receptors (Ephs) and their ligands (ephrins), has been implicated in various malignancies including breast cancer. The latter presents as a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular, morphologic and clinical behavior signatures. This review reflects the existing Eph/ephrin literature while focusing on breast cancer heterogeneity. Hormone positive, HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, xenografts/mutant animal models and patient samples are examined separately as, in humans, they represent entities with differences in prognosis and treatment. EphA2, EphB4 and EphB6 are the members most extensively studied in breast cancer. Existing research points to the potential use of various Eph/ephrin members as biomarkers for assessing prognosis and selecting the most suitable therapeutic strategies in variable clinical scenarios, also for overcoming drug resistance, in the era of breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Yang Y, Zhou Y, Xiong X, Huang M, Ying X, Wang M. ALG3 Is Activated by Heat Shock Factor 2 and Promotes Breast Cancer Growth. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3479-3487. [PMID: 29799832 PMCID: PMC5996847 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research found that ALG3 is associated with cervical cancer, but the role of ALG3 in breast cancer was still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of ALG3 in breast carcinoma tissues was determined by immunochemistry. The ability of cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion was determined by CCK-8 assay, wound healing migration assay, and cell invasion assays, respectively. The binding between HSF2 and promoter of ALG3 was determined by ChIP assay. RESULTS There was an increased expression of ALG3 in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues (p<0.05). High expression of ALG3 was significantly correlated with poor OS (p<0.05). ALG3 expression was significantly increased in cancer samples with advanced stages (stage III/IV) compared with those in the early stages of disease (stage I/II) (p<0.05). The staining intensity of ALG3 was significantly correlated to the tumor grade (grades 2-3 versus 1, p<0.05). Silencing ALG3 or HSF2 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of MCF-7 cells. Silencing ALG3 retarded the growth of MCF-7 cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Silencing ALG3 inhibited MCF-7 cells growth in vitro and in vivo. HSF2 activated ALG3 and promoted the growth of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Yang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Man Huang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xueyan Ying
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Diseases, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Zeng B, Zhou M, Wu H, Xiong Z. SPP1 promotes ovarian cancer progression via Integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1333-1343. [PMID: 29559792 PMCID: PMC5856063 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in women. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) plays an important role in some cancer types. Therefore, the role of SPP1 in ovarian cancer was determined and the potential mechanism was elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of SPP1 in ovarian cancer was determined by immunohistochemistry in ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovarian tissues. Cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay in SKOV3 and A2780 cells. The protein expression of SPP1, integrin subunit β1 (Integrin β1), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-AKT) was detected by Western blotting in SKOV3 cells after silencing SPP1. The expression of SPP1 was determined in SKOV3 cells after transfecting with miR-181a mimics or inhibitors. The growth of SKOV3 cells in vivo was determined in a nude mouse model of ovarian cancer after silencing SPP1. RESULTS The expression of SPP1 was higher in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues than in normal ovarian tissues. Silencing SPP1 decreased the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ectopic expression of SPP1 increased the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing SPP1 prevented ovarian cancer growth in mice. Silencing SPP1 inhibited Integrin β1/FAK/AKT pathway. In agreement, ectopically expressed SPP1 activated Integrin β1/FAK/AKT pathway. Also, SPP1 was regulated by miR-181a. CONCLUSION SPP1 is a biomarker for the prognosis of ovarian cancer. It is also oncogenic and a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengai Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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