Meta-analysis of XRCC1 polymorphism and risk of female reproductive system cancer

A meta-analysis of XRCC1 single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to gynecological malignancies

BACKGROUND

Gynecological malignant tumor is a serious threat to women's health, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer are the most common. The eponymous protein encoded by the XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross complementation 1) gene is an important functional protein in the process of single-stranded DNA damage. Non-synonymous mutations of XRCC1 gene cause amino acid sequence changes that affect protein function and DNA repair ability, and may affect the interaction with other DNA repair proteins, leading to increased risk of tumor development. Many studies have assessed the association between XRCC1 gene polymorphism and the risk of cancer in the female reproductive system, but the results have been inconclusive. In this study, the relationship between XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to gynecological malignancies was further explored by meta-analysis.

METHODS

English database: Pubmed, Medline, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrance, etc; Chinese database: China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Database, etc. STATA14 was used for statistical analysis, such as odd ratio (OR) value, subgroup analysis, heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias.

RESULTS

In gynecologic cancers, the allele frequency difference of Arg399Gln case control group was statistically significant (GvsA: P = .007). There was no significant difference in allele frequency in the Arg194Trp and Arg280His case control groups (P = .065, 0.198). In different gene models, Arg399Gln was significantly correlated with gynecologic cancers susceptibility (GGvs AA: OR 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 0.98); Arg194Trp was significantly correlated with gynecologic cancers susceptibility (CCvs TT: OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88,1.00; CCvs CT: OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.90, 1.05); Arg280His was significantly correlated with gynecologic cancers susceptibility (GGvs AA: OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.94, 1.02; GGvs GA: OR 1.00;95% CI 0.97, 1.04). In the subgroup analysis, Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp were significantly correlated with gynecologic cancers susceptibility in the Asian race (P = .000, 0.049). In the analysis of different cancer subgroups, Arg399Gln and cervical cancer susceptibility were statistically significant (P = .039). Arg194Trp and endometrial cancer susceptibility were statistically significant (P = .033, 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with gynecologic cancer susceptibility. Arg399Gln genotype was statistically significant in relation to cervical cancer susceptibility. Arg194Trp genotype was statistically significant in relation to endometrial cancer susceptibility.

Association between polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene and male infertility risk: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might correlate with male infertility susceptibility. This association has been described; however, the findings remain inconsistent. Consequently, this meta-analysis was conducted to characterize the relationship between XRCC1 SNPs and male infertility susceptibility.

METHODS/MAIN RESULTS

Studies were systematically searched in databases to evaluate the association between SNPs of XRCC1 and infertility in males. The effect measures chosen were the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and odds ratios (ORs). A total of 7 studies, including 6 case-controlled studies on XRCC1 Arg399Gln and 3 case-controlled studies on XRCC1 Arg194Trp, were included. Ultimately, the results of this analysis revealed that XRCC1 Arg399Gln SNPs were significantly associated with infertility in males in homozygote comparisons (GG vs GA+AA: OR = 0.614, 95% CI: 0.40-0.937, P = .024). This meta-analysis did not demonstrate a relationship between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and male infertility risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study indicated that XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism was associated with a significantly decreased male infertility risk, but not XRCC1 Arg194Trp.

PARP1 blockade is synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers

PARP1 inhibitor (Niraparib, Olaparib, Rucaparib) maintenance therapy improves progression-free survival in platinum sensitive sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. However, biomarkers of response to PARPi therapy is yet to be clearly defined. XRCC1, a scaffolding protein, interacts with PARP1 during BER and SSBR. In a large clinical cohort of 525 sporadic ovarian cancers, high XRCC1 or high PARP1 protein levels was not only associated with aggressive phenotypes but was also significantly linked with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.048 & p = 0.001 respectively) and poor ovarian cancer-specific survival (p = 0.020 & p = 0.008 respectively). Pre-clinically, Olaparib and Talazoparib therapy were selectively toxic in XRCC1 deficient or knock-out platinum sensitive ovarian cancer cells in 2D and 3D models. Increased sensitivity was associated with DNA double-strand break accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell accumulation. We conclude that XRCC1 deficiency predicts sensitivity to PARP inhibitor therapy. PARP1 targeting is a promising new approach in XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancers.