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Elevated expression of ADAP2 is associated with aggressive behavior of human clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and poor patient survival. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:e78-e91. [PMID: 36127253 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and lethal cancer of the adult kidney. ADAP2 is a GTPase-activating protein was upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The role of ADAP2 in ccRCC progression is unknown. METHODS ADAP2 expression in ccRCC cell lines and tissues was examined via real-time PCR, Western blot and IHC. MTS, colony formation and transwell assay to explore the role of ADAP2 in ccRCC. ADAP2 in growth and metastasis of ccRCC were evaluated in vivo through ccRCC xenograft tumor growth, lung metastatic mice model. The prognostic role of ADAP2 was evaluated by survival analysis. RESULTS ADAP2 mRNA was expressed at significantly higher levels in 23 pairs of ccRCC tissues than in normal kidney tissues (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis of 298 ccRCC tissues revealed elevated ADAP2 expression as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for the overall survival (P = 0.0042) and progression-free survival (P = 0.0232) of patients. The KaplanMeier survival curve showed that patients with a higher expression of ADAP2 showed a significantly lower overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate. Moreover, high expression of ADAP2 at the mRNA level was associated with a worse prognosis for overall survival (P = 0.0083) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In vivo and in vitro functional study showed that overexpression of ADAP2 promotes ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis ability, whereas knockdown of ADAP2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION ADAP2 is a novel prognostic marker and could promotes tumor progression in ccRCC.
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Wu Y, Li N, Ye C, Jiang X, Luo H, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. Focal adhesion kinase inhibitors, a heavy punch to cancer. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:52. [PMID: 35201485 PMCID: PMC8777493 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are the ideal druggable targets for diseases and especially were highlighted on cancer therapy. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and its aberrant signaling extensively implicates in the progression of most cancer types, involving in cancer cell growth, adhesion, migration, and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. FAK is commonly overexpressed and activated in a variety of cancers and plays as a targetable kinase in cancer therapy. FAK inhibitors already exhibited promising performance in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials. Moreover, substantial evidence has implied that targeting FAK is more effective in combination strategy, thereby reversing the failure of chemotherapies or targeted therapies in solid tumors. In the current review, we summarized the drug development progress, chemotherapy strategy, and perspective view for FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Ning Li
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Chengfeng Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xingmei Jiang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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McClendon CJ, Miller WT. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the SRMS Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4233. [PMID: 32545875 PMCID: PMC7352994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites (SRMS) is a tyrosine kinase that was discovered in 1994. It is a member of a family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that also includes Brk (PTK6) and Frk. Compared with other tyrosine kinases, there is relatively little information about the structure, function, and regulation of SRMS. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding SRMS, including recent results aimed at identifying downstream signaling partners. We also present a structural model for the enzyme and discuss the potential involvement of SRMS in cancer cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakia J. McClendon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA;
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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Mohanty A, Pharaon RR, Nam A, Salgia S, Kulkarni P, Massarelli E. FAK-targeted and combination therapies for the treatment of cancer: an overview of phase I and II clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:399-409. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1740680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca R Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arin Nam
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Willey CD, Anderson JC, Trummell HQ, Naji F, de Wijn R, Yang ES, Bredel M, Thudi NK, Bonner JA. Differential escape mechanisms in cetuximab-resistant head and neck cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:36-42. [PMID: 31311651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired cetuximab resistance is a challenge for oncologists treating advanced head and neck carcinoma (HNC). While intrinsic cetuximab resistance mechanism in colorectal cancer is known, resistance in HNC is unclear. We established two different cetuximab resistant HNC cell lines by culturing epidermal growth factor (EGFR) expressing UM-SCC-1 and UM-SCC-6 cell lines in the presence of 5 μg/ml cetuximab. We then explored potential mechanisms of resistance. We found that the 2 cell lines developed resistance by different mechanisms. Specifically, we found that UM-SCC-1 resistant cells (UM-SCC-1R) showed enhanced EGF-induced downstream signals while UM-SCC-6 resistant cells (UM-SCC-6R) demonstrated EGF-independent signaling. Global kinase activity (kinomic) profiling revealed unique signaling differences in the two resistant cell lines. However, both of the resistant lines demonstrated increased phospho-serine 727 and total STAT3 expression compared to the parental lines. STAT3 knockdown promoted increased cytotoxicity both in the presence and absence of cetuximab in the resistant lines suggesting that STAT3 may be a common target in cetuximab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Hoa Q Trummell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Faris Naji
- PamGene International, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - Nanda K Thudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
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Nam HY, Chandrashekar DS, Kundu A, Shelar S, Kho EY, Sonpavde G, Naik G, Ghatalia P, Livi CB, Varambally S, Sudarshan S. Integrative Epigenetic and Gene Expression Analysis of Renal Tumor Progression to Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:84-96. [PMID: 30131446 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other large-scale genomic data pipelines have been integral to the current understanding of the molecular events underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These data networks have focused mostly on primary RCC, which often demonstrates indolent behavior. However, metastatic disease is the major cause of mortality associated with RCC and data sets examining metastatic tumors are sparse. Therefore, a more comprehensive analysis of gene expression and DNA methylome profiling of metastatic RCC in addition to primary RCC and normal kidney was performed. Integrative analysis of the methylome and transcriptome identified over 30 RCC-specific genes whose mRNA expression inversely correlated with promoter methylation, including several known targets of hypoxia inducible factors. Notably, genes encoding several metabolism-related proteins were identified as differentially regulated via methylation including hexokinase 2, aldolase C, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and estrogen-related receptor-γ (ESRRG), which has a known role in the regulation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial metabolism genes. Several gene expression changes could portend prognosis in the TCGA cohort. Mechanistically, ESRRG loss occurs via DNA methylation and histone repressive silencing mediated by the polycomb repressor complex 2. Restoration of ESRRG in RCC lines suppresses migratory and invasive phenotypes independently of its canonical role in mitochondrial metabolism. IMPLICATIONS: Collectively, these data provide significant insight into the biology of aggressive RCC and demonstrate a novel role for DNA methylation in the promotion of HIF signaling and invasive phenotypes in renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Nam
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Anirban Kundu
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sandeep Shelar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eun-Young Kho
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts
| | - Gurudatta Naik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pooja Ghatalia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Carolina B Livi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sunil Sudarshan
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Walker K, Boyd NH, Anderson JC, Willey CD, Hjelmeland AB. Kinomic profiling of glioblastoma cells reveals PLCG1 as a target in restricted glucose. Biomark Res 2018; 6:22. [PMID: 29946469 PMCID: PMC6001119 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For glioblastoma (GBM) treatments to be effective in vivo, understanding the effects of the tumor microenvironment is imperative. In traditional cell culture conditions, glucose concentrations do not model physiologic levels, nor the diminished concentrations found in tumor niches. We therefore sought to profile the differences in kinase activity in GBM cells cultured in restricted glucose to identify pathways that could be targeted with small molecule inhibitors. Methods Using the PamStation12 platform, we examined the ability of GBM lysates from cells cultured in standard or low glucose conditions to phosphorylate 144 tyrosine and 144 serine/threonine peptides that correspond to known protein phosphorylation sites. Potential kinase targets were identified and validated using small molecule kinase inhibitors in GBM spheroid cultures. Results Using results from two GBM patient-derived xenografts, we determined common changes to peptides derived from Phospholipase C, Gamma 1 (PLCG1) and Raf-1. Using PLC and Raf inhibitors, we found a significantly stronger growth inhibitory effect of the PLC inhibitor U73122 under restricted glucose conditions. In contrast, Raf inhibitors were significantly growth inhibitory regardless of the nutrient level tested. Conclusions Together, our data demonstrate that kinase activity is altered in low glucose conditions and that kinomic profiling can assist with the identification of effective strategies to target GBM growth. Our data further suggest the importance of accurately modeling the tumor microenvironment to reproduce cancer cell signaling and develop drug screens for anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Walker
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Nathaniel H Boyd
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- 1Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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Berard A, Kroeker A, McQueen P, Coombs KM. Methods and approaches to disease mechanisms using systems kinomics. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:34-43. [PMID: 29911197 PMCID: PMC5884222 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All cellular functions, ranging from regular cell maintenance and homeostasis, specialized functions specific to cellular types, or generating responses due to external stimulus, are mediated by proteins within the cell. Regulation of these proteins allows the cell to alter its behavior under different circumstances. A major mechanism of protein regulation is utilizing protein kinases and phosphatases; enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphates between substrates [1]. Proteins involved in phosphate signaling are well studied and include kinases and phosphatases that catalyze opposing reactions regulating both structure and function of the cell. Kinomics is the study of kinases, phosphatases and their targets, and has been used to study the functional changes in numerous diseases and infectious diseases with aims to delineate the cellular functions affected. Identifying the phosphate signaling pathways changed by certain diseases or infections can lead to novel therapeutic targets. However, a daunting 518 putative protein kinase genes have been identified [2], indicating that this protein family is very large and complex. Identifying which enzymes are specific to a particular disease can be a laborious task. In this review, we will provide information on large-scale systems biology methodologies that allow global screening of the kinome to more efficiently identify which kinase pathways are pertinent for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Berard
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Peter McQueen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, Canada
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Britain CM, Holdbrooks AT, Anderson JC, Willey CD, Bellis SL. Sialylation of EGFR by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase promotes EGFR activation and resistance to gefitinib-mediated cell death. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:12. [PMID: 29402301 PMCID: PMC5800010 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase is upregulated in numerous cancers, and high expression of this enzyme correlates with poor patient prognosis in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Through its sialylation of a select cohort of cell surface receptors, ST6Gal-I modulates cell signaling to promote tumor cell survival. The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of ST6Gal-I on another important receptor that controls cancer cell behavior, EGFR. Additionally, the effect of ST6Gal-I on cancer cells treated with the common EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, was evaluated. RESULTS Using the OV4 ovarian cancer cell line, which lacks endogenous ST6Gal-I expression, a kinomics assay revealed that cells with forced overexpression of ST6Gal-I exhibited increased global tyrosine kinase activity, a finding confirmed by immunoblotting whole cell lysates with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Interestingly, the kinomics assay suggested that one of the most highly activated tyrosine kinases in ST6Gal-I-overexpressing OV4 cells was EGFR. Based on these findings, additional analyses were performed to investigate the effect of ST6Gal-I on EGFR activation. To this end, we utilized, in addition to OV4 cells, the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line, engineered with both ST6Gal-I overexpression and knockdown, as well as the BxPC3 pancreatic cancer cell line with knockdown of ST6Gal-I. In all three cell lines, we determined that EGFR is a substrate of ST6Gal-I, and that the sialylation status of EGFR directly correlates with ST6Gal-I expression. Cells with differential ST6Gal-I expression were subsequently evaluated for EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Cells with high ST6Gal-I expression were found to have elevated levels of basal and EGF-induced EGFR activation. Conversely, knockdown of ST6Gal-I greatly attenuated EGFR activation, both basally and post EGF treatment. Finally, to illustrate the functional importance of ST6Gal-I in regulating EGFR-dependent survival, cells were treated with gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor widely used for cancer therapy. These studies showed that ST6Gal-I promotes resistance to gefitinib-mediated apoptosis, as measured by caspase activity assays. CONCLUSION Results herein indicate that ST6Gal-I promotes EGFR activation and protects against gefitinib-mediated cell death. Establishing the tumor-associated ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase as a regulator of EGFR provides novel insight into the role of glycosylation in growth factor signaling and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Britain
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 350 McCallum Building, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Andrew T. Holdbrooks
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 350 McCallum Building, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Joshua C. Anderson
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Susan L. Bellis
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 350 McCallum Building, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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