1
|
Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Szatkowska I, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Clinical Significance and Involvement in Molecular Cancer Processes of Chemokine CXCL1 in Selected Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4365. [PMID: 38673949 PMCID: PMC11050300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play a key role in cancer processes, with CXCL1 being a well-studied example. Due to the lack of a complete summary of CXCL1's role in cancer in the literature, in this study, we examine the significance of CXCL1 in various cancers such as bladder, glioblastoma, hemangioendothelioma, leukemias, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung, osteosarcoma, renal, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma), along with thyroid cancer. We focus on understanding how CXCL1 is involved in the cancer processes of these specific types of tumors. We look at how CXCL1 affects cancer cells, including their proliferation, migration, EMT, and metastasis. We also explore how CXCL1 influences other cells connected to tumors, like promoting angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils, and affecting immune cell functions. Additionally, we discuss the clinical aspects by exploring how CXCL1 levels relate to cancer staging, lymph node metastasis, patient outcomes, chemoresistance, and radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Man X, Yang X, Wei Z, Tan Y, Li W, Jin H, Wang B. High expression level of CXCL1/GROα is linked to advanced stage and worse survival in uterine cervical cancer and facilitates tumor cell malignant processes. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:712. [PMID: 35764974 PMCID: PMC9241244 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCL1 belongs to a member of the ELR + CXC chemokine subgroups that also known as GRO-alpha. It has been recognized that several types of human cancers constitutively express CXCL1, which may serve as a crucial mediator involved in cancer development and metastasis via an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of CXCL1 in human uterine cervix cancer (UCC), as well as its roles and mechanisms in UCC tumor biology remains entirely unclear. Methods The expression and clinical significance of CXCL1 in UCC tissues was explored using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analyses. The expression and effects of CXCL1 in HeLa UCC cells were assessed using ELISA, CCK-8 and transwell assays. Western blotting experiments were performed to evaluate the potential mechanism of CXCL1 on malignant behaviors of HeLa UCC cells. Results The current study demonstrated that CXCL1 was expressed in HeLa UCC cells, PHM1-41 human immortalized cervical stromal cells, as well as cervical tissues, with UCC tissues having an evidently high level of CXCL1. This high level of CXCL1 in cancer tissues was notably related to poor clinical stages and worse survival probability, rather than tumor infiltration and patient age. In addition, CXCL1 expression was extremely correlated with CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL3 cancer-associated chemokines expression. In vitro, the growth and migration abilities of HeLa cells were significantly enhanced in the presence of exogenous CXCL1. Gain-function assay revealed that CXCL1 overexpression significantly promoted growth and migration response in HeLa cells in both autocrine and paracrine manners. Finally, we found that CXCL1 overexpression in HeLa cells influenced the expression of ERK signal-related genes, and HeLa cell malignant behaviors derived from CXCL1 overexpression were further interrupted in the presence of the ERK1/2 blocker. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the potential roles of CXCL1 as a promoter and a novel understanding of the functional relationship between CXCL1 and the ERK signaling pathway in UCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09749-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Man
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Echocardiography, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Li
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baogang Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
CXCR2 Receptor: Regulation of Expression, Signal Transduction, and Involvement in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042168. [PMID: 35216283 PMCID: PMC8878198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of about 50 chemotactic cytokines crucial for the migration of immune system cells and tumor cells, as well as for metastasis. One of the 20 chemokine receptors identified to date is CXCR2, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) whose most known ligands are CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL1 (GRO-α). In this article we present a comprehensive review of literature concerning the role of CXCR2 in cancer. We start with regulation of its expression at the transcriptional level and how this regulation involves microRNAs. We show the mechanism of CXCR2 signal transduction, in particular the action of heterotrimeric G proteins, phosphorylation, internalization, intracellular trafficking, sequestration, recycling, and degradation of CXCR2. We discuss in detail the mechanism of the effects of activated CXCR2 on the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we describe the involvement of CXCR2 in cancer. We focused on the importance of CXCR2 in tumor processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells as well as the effects of CXCR2 activation on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cellular senescence. We also discuss the importance of CXCR2 in cell recruitment to the tumor niche including tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Epigenetic Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications of SNAI1 in Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011062. [PMID: 34681726 PMCID: PMC8538584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAI1, a zinc finger transcription factor, not only acts as the master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also functions as a driver of cancer progression, including cell invasion, survival, immune regulation, stem cell properties, and metabolic regulation. The regulation of SNAI1 occurs at the transcriptional, translational, and predominant post-translational levels including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. Here, we discuss the regulation and role of SNAI1 in cancer metastasis, with a particular emphasis on epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications. Understanding how signaling networks integrate with SNAI1 in cancer progression will shed new light on the mechanism of tumor metastasis and help develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Qiu Z, Dong B, Guo W, Piotr R, Longmore G, Yang X, Yu Z, Deng J, Evers BM, Wu Y. STK39 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by increasing SNAI1 activity upon phosphorylation. Theranostics 2021; 11:7658-7670. [PMID: 34335956 PMCID: PMC8315073 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAI1 is widely regarded as a master driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis. This pro-malignant role is strongly linked to posttranslational modification, especially phosphorylation, which controls its protein levels and subcellular localization. While multiple kinases are implicated in regulation of SNAI1 stability, the precise mechanism by which SNAI1 is stabilized in tumors remains to be fully elucidated. Methods: A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the regulation of SNAI1 by Serine/Threonine Kinase 39 (STK39) and the role of STK39 in breast cancer metastasis. Results: We identified STK39, a member of Stem 20-like serine/threonine kinase family, as a novel posttranslational regulator that enhances the stability of SNAI1. Inhibition of STK39 via knockdown or use of a specific inhibitor resulted in SNAI1 destabilization. Mechanistically, STK39 interacted with and phosphorylated SNAI1 at T203, which is critical for its nuclear retention. Functionally, STK39 inhibition markedly impaired the EMT phenotype and decreased tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. These effects were rescued by ectopic SNAI1 expression. In addition, depletion of STK39 dramatically enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that STK39 is a key mediator of SNAI1 stability and is associated with the pro-metastatic cellular process, highlighting the STK39-SNAI1 signaling axis as promising therapeutic targets for treatments of metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vanarsa K, Enan S, Patel P, Strachan B, Sam Titus ASCL, Dennis A, Lotan Y, Mohan C. Urine protein biomarkers of bladder cancer arising from 16-plex antibody-based screens. Oncotarget 2021; 12:783-790. [PMID: 33889301 PMCID: PMC8057279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify novel urine protein biomarkers of bladder cancer using a Luminex based screening platform. Materials and Methods: The current study examines urine samples from 66 subjects, comprised of 31 Urology clinic controls and 35 bladder cancer patients, using a Luminex based screening platform. ELISA validation was carried out for the top 4 prospective urine biomarkers using an independent cohort of 20 Urology clinic controls and 60 bladder cancer (BC) subjects. Results: Of the 16 proteins screened by Luminex, 10 showed significant elevation in BC compared to the controls. Eight of these urine proteins were able to differentiate BC from control urine with ROC AUC values exceeding 0.70 at p < 0.0001, with specificity values exceeding 0.9. Upon ELISA validation, urine IL-1α, IL-1ra, and IL-8 were able to distinguish control urine from urine drawn from various bladder cancer stages, with IL-8 being the best discriminator. Compared to members of the IL-1 cytokine family, urine IL-8 was also best at discriminating T1 and/or T2–T4 from Ta BC (ROC AUC ≥ 0.83), as well as high grade from low grade BC (ROC AUC ≥ 0.82). Conclusions: These findings suggest that urine IL-1α, IL-1ra and IL-8 are useful indicators of bladder cancer. Urine IL-8 not only distinguishes bladder cancer from controls, it also discriminates high grade from low grade disease, and the successive clinical stages of bladder cancer. While supportive of previous reports, these findings warrant further analysis in prospective cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Vanarsa
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shereen Enan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Briony Strachan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aphrihl Dennis
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang E, Seo J, Yoon H, Cho S. The Post-Translational Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Transcription Factors in Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3591. [PMID: 33808323 PMCID: PMC8037257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is generally observed in normal embryogenesis and wound healing. However, this process can occur in cancer cells and lead to metastasis. The contribution of EMT in both development and pathology has been studied widely. This transition requires the up- and down-regulation of specific proteins, both of which are regulated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), mainly represented by the families of Snail, Twist, and ZEB proteins. This review highlights the roles of key EMT-TFs and their post-translational regulation in cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.K.); (J.S.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zangouei AS, Hamidi AA, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Chemokines as the critical factors during bladder cancer progression: an overview. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:344-358. [PMID: 33591855 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1877287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most frequent urogenital malignancies which is mainly observed among men. There are various genetic and environmental risk factors associated with BCa progression. Transurethral endoscopic resection and open ablative surgery are the main treatment options for muscle invasive BCa. BCG therapy is also employed following the endoscopic resection to prevent tumor relapse. The tumor microenvironment is the main interaction site of tumor cells and immune system in which the immune cells are recruited via chemokines and chemokine receptors. In present review we summarized the main chemokines and chemokine receptors which have been associated with histopathological features of BCa patients in the world. This review highlights the chemokines and chemokine receptors as critical markers in early detection and therapeutic purposes among BCa patients and clarifies their molecular functions during BCa progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Epithelial plasticity can generate multi-lineage phenotypes in human and murine bladder cancers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2540. [PMID: 32439865 PMCID: PMC7242345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is common in cancer, however recent studies have applied single gene expression signatures to classify bladder cancers into distinct subtypes. Such stratification assumes that a predominant transcriptomic signature is sufficient to predict progression kinetics, patient survival and treatment response. We hypothesize that such static classification ignores intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the potential for cellular plasticity occurring during disease development. We have conducted single cell transcriptome analyses of mouse and human model systems of bladder cancer and show that tumor cells with multiple lineage subtypes not only cluster closely together at the transcriptional level but can maintain concomitant gene expression of at least one mRNA subtype. Functional studies reveal that tumor initiation and cellular plasticity can initiate from multiple lineage subtypes. Collectively, these data suggest that lineage plasticity may contribute to innate tumor heterogeneity, which in turn carry clinical implications regarding the classification and treatment of bladder cancer. Recent studies have utilized bulk tumour mRNA sequencing to classify bladder cancers into distinct subgroups. Here, the authors use single cell transcriptomic analysis and cell transplant studies to show that epithelial plasticity can generate basal, luminal and mesenchymal phenotypes in human and murine bladder cancers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roles of the Phosphorylation of Transcriptional Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5810465. [PMID: 31275381 PMCID: PMC6582791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5810465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the first step in the development of the invasive and migratory properties of cancer metastasis. Since the transcriptional reprogramming of a number of genes occurs in EMT, the regulation of EMT transcription factors has been intensively investigated. EMT transcriptional factors are commonly classified by the direct or indirect repression of E-cadherin because one of hallmarks of EMT is the loss of E-cadherin. This facilitates the expression of genes for EMT, tumor invasion, and metastasis. The posttranslational modification of EMT transcriptional factors, such as Snail and Slug, directly regulates their functions, including their stability, nuclear localization, protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitination for the promotion or termination of EMT at the specific points. Here, we discuss how posttranslational modifications regulate gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner by modifying upstream signaling pathways, focusing in particular on the posttranslational modifications of Snail, Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, and TWIST1. This review demonstrates that EMT transcription factors regulate metastasis through their posttranslational modifications and that the flexibility and reversibility of EMT can be modified by phosphorylation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Z, Zhao S, Lu Y, Wu J, Li Y, Gao Z, Yang D, Cui Y. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. World J Urol 2019; 37:1075-1084. [PMID: 30612154 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The data were evaluated and statistically analyzed using RevMan version 5.3.0. RESULTS Four studies including 861 participants which compared continuous saline bladder irrigation with intravesical chemotherapy were considered. One-year recurrence-free survival [odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55-1.05, p = 0.09]; 2-year recurrence-free survival (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.71-1.25, p = 0.68); the median period to first recurrence (OR = - 1.01, 95% CI = - 2.96 to 0.94, p = 0.31); the number of tumor progression (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.54-1.17, p = 0.25); and the number of recurrence during follow-up (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.84-1.50, p = 0.43) suggested that two methods of postoperative perfusion had no significant differences. In terms of safety, including macrohematuria, frequency of urination and bladder irritation symptoms, continuous saline bladder irrigation showed better tolerance than intravesical chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Continuous saline bladder irrigation seems to provide a better balance between prevention of recurrence and local toxicities than intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu XL, Ye YL, Wu ZM, He QM, Tan L, Xiao KH, Wu RY, Yu Y, Mai J, Li ZL, Peng XD, Huang Y, Li X, Zhang HL, Zhu XF, Qin ZK. Overexpression of PTK6 predicts poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. J Cancer 2017; 8:3464-3473. [PMID: 29151930 PMCID: PMC5687160 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and works as an oncogene in various cancers. Recently, PTK6 has been used as a therapeutic target for breast cancer patients in a clinical study. However, the prognostic value of PTK6 in bladder cancer (BC) remains vague. Therefore, we retrieved 3 independent investigations of Oncomine database and found that PTK6 is highly expressed in BC tissues compared with corresponding normal controls. Similar results were also observed in clinical specimens at both mRNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that PTK6 overexpression was highly related to the T classification, N classification, grade, recurrence, and poor prognosis of BC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that when PTK6 expression was knocked down by siRNAs, cell proliferation and migration were considerably inhibited in BC cell lines T24 and EJ. By these approaches, we are intended to elucidate PTK6 may be a reliable therapeutic target in BC and might benefit from PTK6 inhibitors in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yun-Lin Ye
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wu
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiu-Ming He
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kang-Hua Xiao
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rui-Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jia Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zi-Ke Qin
- Department of Urological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|