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Ha JL, Kaser E, Guan T, Mayberry TG, Smith LA, D'mello K, Bai Q, Wakefield MR, Dong L, Fang Y. Up and away with cervical cancer: IL-29 is a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of cervical cancer due to its powerful upregulation of p18, p27, and TRAILR1. Med Oncol 2024; 41:65. [PMID: 38281234 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of female cancers worldwide. IL-29 is an interesting cytokine in the IFNλ family. Its role in the pathogenesis of neoplasia is complicated and has been studied in other cancers, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. IL-29 has been previously reported to promote the growth of pancreatic cancer. However, the direct role of IL-29 in cervical cancer has not been studied yet. This study was performed to investigate the direct effect on cervical cancer cell growth. Clonogenic survival assay, cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity kits were used to evaluate the effects of IL-29 on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of a well-studied cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. We further investigated the potential molecular mechanisms by using RT-PCR and IHC. We found that the percentage of colonies of SiHa cells was decreased in the presence of IL-29. This was consistent with a decreased OD value of cancer cells. Furthermore, the relative caspase-3 activity in cancer cells increased in the presence of IL-29. The anti-proliferative effect of IL-29 on cancer cells correlated with increased expression of the anti-proliferative molecules p18 and p27. The pro-apoptotic effect of IL-29 on cancer cells correlated with increased expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule TRAILR1. IL-29 inhibits cervical cancer cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Thus, IL-29 might be a promising cytokine for immunotherapy of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L Ha
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Erin Kaser
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Tianyun Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Hengyang, China
| | - Trenton G Mayberry
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Luke A Smith
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kyle D'mello
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio-UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lijun Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yujiang Fang
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA.
- The Department of Surgery and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Zhao Y, Li J, Chen J, Ye M, Jin X. Functional roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in prostate cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1125-1144. [PMID: 35816219 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the prostate gland with a high male cancer incidence. Numerous studies indicate that abnormal function of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is associated with the progression and metastasis of PCa. E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of UPS, determine the specificity of substrates, and substantial advances of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been reached recently. Herein, we introduce the structures and functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and summarize the mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligases-related PCa signaling pathways. In addition, some progresses in the development of inhibitors targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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The RBPJ/DAPK3/UBE3A signaling axis induces PBRM1 degradation to modulate the sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:295. [PMID: 35368029 PMCID: PMC8976838 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kind of malignant tumor originating from the renal tubular epithelium. Approximately 30% of patients with renal cancer are found to have metastasis when first diagnosed. Exploring other effective treatment methods in addition to surgery is an urgent need in the research field of renal cell carcinoma. Polybromo 1 (PBRM1) is the second most mutated gene in RCC, with a mutation rate of ~40%. Notably, the posttranscriptional modification of PBRM1 in RCC is unclear. In this study, we performed unbiased mass spectrometry of PBRM1 and identified ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), an extensively studied E3 ligase that can bind with PBRM1 and regulate the stability of PBRM1 in renal cancer cells. We further found that RBPJ/DAPK3 modulated the E3 ligase activity of UBE3A by interfering with the PKA phosphorylation of UBE3A. Finally, we demonstrated that the RBPJ/DAPK3/UBE3A/PBRM1/p21 axis contributed to the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors. In addition, in combination with RBPJ inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors showed synergistically enhanced effects on renal cancer cells. In summary, we not only revealed a novel RBPJ/DAPK3/UBE3A/PBRM1/p21 signaling axis but also identified a combination strategy for overcoming the resistance of renal cancer cells to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Brandes N, Linial N, Linial M. Genetic association studies of alterations in protein function expose recessive effects on cancer predisposition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14901. [PMID: 34290314 PMCID: PMC8295298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of germline genetic variation affecting cancer risk, known as cancer predisposition, is fundamental to preventive and personalized medicine. Studies of genetic cancer predisposition typically identify significant genomic regions based on family-based cohorts or genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the results of such studies rarely provide biological insight or functional interpretation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of cancer predisposition in the UK Biobank cohort using a new gene-based method for detecting protein-coding genes that are functionally interpretable. Specifically, we conducted proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) to identify genetic associations mediated by alterations to protein function. With PWAS, we identified 110 significant gene-cancer associations in 70 unique genomic regions across nine cancer types and pan-cancer. In 48 of the 110 PWAS associations (44%), estimated gene damage is associated with reduced rather than elevated cancer risk, suggesting a protective effect. Together with standard GWAS, we implicated 145 unique genomic loci with cancer risk. While most of these genomic regions are supported by external evidence, our results also highlight many novel loci. Based on the capacity of PWAS to detect non-additive genetic effects, we found that 46% of the PWAS-significant cancer regions exhibited exclusive recessive inheritance. These results highlight the importance of recessive genetic effects, without relying on familial studies. Finally, we show that many of the detected genes exert substantial cancer risk in the studied cohort determined by a quantitative functional description, suggesting their relevance for diagnosis and genetic consulting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Brandes
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathan Linial
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Linial
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Mathieu NA, Levin RH, Spratt DE. Exploring the Roles of HERC2 and the NEDD4L HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Subfamily in p53 Signaling and the DNA Damage Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659049. [PMID: 33869064 PMCID: PMC8044464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is governed by the precise expression of genes that control the translation, localization, and termination of proteins. Oftentimes, environmental and biological factors can introduce mutations into the genetic framework of cells during their growth and division, and these genetic abnormalities can result in malignant transformations caused by protein malfunction. For example, p53 is a prominent tumor suppressor protein that is capable of undergoing more than 300 posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and is involved with controlling apoptotic signaling, transcription, and the DNA damage response (DDR). In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and interactions that occur between p53, the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases WWP1, SMURF1, HECW1 and HERC2, and other oncogenic proteins in the cell to explore how irregular HECT-p53 interactions can induce tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Mathieu
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Rafael H Levin
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Donald E Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
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Fhu CW, Ali A. Dysregulation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Human Malignancies: A Window for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071513. [PMID: 33805973 PMCID: PMC8037609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of the UPS results in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, and is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss the mechanisms linking dysregulated UPS to human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review. Abstract The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. This process is tightly regulated through the activation and transfer of polyubiquitin chains to target proteins which are then recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome complex. The role of UPS is crucial in regulating protein levels through degradation to maintain fundamental cellular processes such as growth, division, signal transduction, and stress response. Dysregulation of the UPS, resulting in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss functional links of dysregulated UPS in human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review.
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8
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Pan M, Blattner C. Regulation of p53 by E3s. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:745. [PMID: 33670160 PMCID: PMC7916862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years of research on p53 have given us tremendous knowledge about this protein. Today we know that p53 plays a role in different biological processes such as proliferation, invasion, pluripotency, metabolism, cell cycle control, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, apoptosis, inflammation and autophagy. In the nucleus, p53 functions as a bona-fide transcription factor which activates and represses transcription of a number of target genes. In the cytoplasm, p53 can interact with proteins of the apoptotic machinery and by this also induces cell death. Despite being so important for the fate of the cell, expression levels of p53 are kept low in unstressed cells and the protein is largely inactive. The reason for the low expression level is that p53 is efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the vast inactivity of the tumor suppressor protein under normal growth conditions is due to the absence of activating and the presence of inactivating posttranslational modifications. E3s are important enzymes for these processes as they decorate p53 with ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like proteins and by this control p53 degradation, stability and its subcellular localization. In this review, we provide an overview about E3s that target p53 and discuss the connection between p53, E3s and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO-box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
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Samaržija I. Post-Translational Modifications That Drive Prostate Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33572160 PMCID: PMC7915076 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While a protein primary structure is determined by genetic code, its specific functional form is mostly achieved in a dynamic interplay that includes actions of many enzymes involved in post-translational modifications. This versatile repertoire is widely used by cells to direct their response to external stimuli, regulate transcription and protein localization and to keep proteostasis. Herein, post-translational modifications with evident potency to drive prostate cancer are explored. A comprehensive list of proteome-wide and single protein post-translational modifications and their involvement in phenotypic outcomes is presented. Specifically, the data on phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, and lipidation in prostate cancer and the enzymes involved are collected. This type of knowledge is especially valuable in cases when cancer cells do not differ in the expression or mutational status of a protein, but its differential activity is regulated on the level of post-translational modifications. Since their driving roles in prostate cancer, post-translational modifications are widely studied in attempts to advance prostate cancer treatment. Current strategies that exploit the potential of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Celebi G, Kesim H, Ozer E, Kutlu O. The Effect of Dysfunctional Ubiquitin Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of Most Common Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176335. [PMID: 32882786 PMCID: PMC7503467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a multi-step enzymatic process that involves the marking of a substrate protein by bonding a ubiquitin and protein for proteolytic degradation mainly via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The process is regulated by three main types of enzymes, namely ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3). Under physiological conditions, ubiquitination is highly reversible reaction, and deubiquitinases or deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can reverse the effect of E3 ligases by the removal of ubiquitin from substrate proteins, thus maintaining the protein quality control and homeostasis in the cell. The dysfunction or dysregulation of these multi-step reactions is closely related to pathogenic conditions; therefore, understanding the role of ubiquitination in diseases is highly valuable for therapeutic approaches. In this review, we first provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of ubiquitination and UPS; then, we attempt to summarize the most common diseases affecting the dysfunction or dysregulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Hale Kesim
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ebru Ozer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (G.C.); (H.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-483-9000 (ext. 2413)
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The HECT E3 Ligase E6AP/UBE3A as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer and Neurological Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082108. [PMID: 32751183 PMCID: PMC7464832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The HECT (Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus)-family protein E6AP (E6-associated protein), encoded by the UBE3A gene, is a multifaceted ubiquitin ligase that controls diverse signaling pathways involved in cancer and neurological disorders. The oncogenic role of E6AP in papillomavirus-induced cancers is well known, with its action to trigger p53 degradation in complex with the E6 viral oncoprotein. However, the roles of E6AP in non-viral cancers remain poorly defined. It is well established that loss-of-function alterations of the UBE3A gene cause Angelman syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance modified by genomic imprinting on chromosome 15q. Moreover, excess dosage of the UBE3A gene markedly increases the penetrance of autism spectrum disorders, suggesting that the expression level of UBE3A must be regulated tightly within a physiologically tolerated range during brain development. In this review, current the knowledge about the substrates of E6AP-mediated ubiquitination and their functions in cancer and neurological disorders is discussed, alongside with the ongoing efforts to pharmacologically modulate this ubiquitin ligase as a promising therapeutic target.
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Panov J, Simchi L, Feuermann Y, Kaphzan H. Bioinformatics Analyses of the Transcriptome Reveal Ube3a-Dependent Effects on Mitochondrial-Related Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114156. [PMID: 32532103 PMCID: PMC7312912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBE3A gene encodes the ubiquitin E3-ligase protein, UBE3A, which is implicated in severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Lack of UBE3A expression results in Angelman syndrome, while UBE3A overexpression, due to genomic 15q duplication, results in autism. The cellular roles of UBE3A are not fully understood, yet a growing body of evidence indicates that these disorders involve mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. We utilized bioinformatics approaches to delineate the effects of murine Ube3a deletion on the expression of mitochondrial-related genes and pathways. For this, we generated an mRNA sequencing dataset from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in which both alleles of Ube3a gene were deleted and their wild-type controls. Since oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation might not be exhibited in the resting baseline state, we also activated mitochondrial functioning in the cells of these two genotypes using TNFα application. Transcriptomes of the four groups of MEFs, Ube3a+/+ and Ube3a-/-, with or without the application of TNFα, were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools and machine learning approaches. Our results indicate that Ube3a deletion affects the gene expression profiles of mitochondrial-associated pathways. We further confirmed these results by analyzing other publicly available human transcriptome datasets of Angelman syndrome and 15q duplication syndrome.
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Simchi L, Panov J, Morsy O, Feuermann Y, Kaphzan H. Novel Insights into the Role of UBE3A in Regulating Apoptosis and Proliferation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051573. [PMID: 32455880 PMCID: PMC7290732 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBE3A gene codes for a protein with two known functions, a ubiquitin E3-ligase which catalyzes ubiquitin binding to substrate proteins and a steroid hormone receptor coactivator. UBE3A is most famous for its critical role in neuronal functioning. Lack of UBE3A protein expression leads to Angelman syndrome (AS), while its overexpression is associated with autism. In spite of extensive research, our understanding of UBE3A roles is still limited. We investigated the cellular and molecular effects of Ube3a deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Angelman syndrome (AS) mouse model hippocampi. Cell cultures of MEFs exhibited enhanced proliferation together with reduced apoptosis when Ube3a was deleted. These findings were supported by transcriptome and proteome analyses. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed alterations in mitochondria-related genes. Moreover, an analysis of adult AS model mice hippocampi also found alterations in the expression of apoptosis- and proliferation-associated genes. Our findings emphasize the role UBE3A plays in regulating proliferation and apoptosis and sheds light into the possible effects UBE3A has on mitochondrial involvement in governing this balance.
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Kim JY, Kim KM, Yang JH, Cho SS, Kim SJ, Park SJ, Ahn SG, Lee GH, Yang JW, Lim SC, Kang KW, Ki SH. Induction of E6AP by microRNA-302c dysregulation inhibits TGF-β-dependent fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2020. [PMID: 31949242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57322-w.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are essential for liver fibrosis. E6 associated protein (E6AP) is one of the E3-ubiquitin-protein ligase and has been studied in proliferation and cellular stress. Currently, no information is available on the role of E6AP on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and hepatic fibrogenesis. This study examined whether E6AP is overexpressed in activated HSCs, and if so, its effect on hepatic fibrogenesis and the molecular mechanism. E6AP was expressed higher in HSCs than hepatocytes, and was up-regulated in activated HSCs, HSCs from the livers of carbon tetrachloride-injected mice, or TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. The TGF-β-mediated E6AP up-regulation was not due to altered mRNA level nor protein stability. Thus, we performed microRNA (miRNA, miR) analysis and found that miR-302c was dysregulated in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells or activated primary HSCs. We revealed that miR-302c was a modulator of E6AP. E6AP overexpression inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in LX-2 cells, albeit it was independent of Smad pathway. Additionally, E6AP inhibited TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. To conclude, E6AP overexpression due to decreased miR-302c in HSCs attenuated hepatic fibrogenesis through inhibition of the TGF-β-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, implying that E6AP and other molecules may contribute to protection against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Gum Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Induction of E6AP by microRNA-302c dysregulation inhibits TGF-β-dependent fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:444. [PMID: 31949242 PMCID: PMC6965100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are essential for liver fibrosis. E6 associated protein (E6AP) is one of the E3-ubiquitin-protein ligase and has been studied in proliferation and cellular stress. Currently, no information is available on the role of E6AP on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and hepatic fibrogenesis. This study examined whether E6AP is overexpressed in activated HSCs, and if so, its effect on hepatic fibrogenesis and the molecular mechanism. E6AP was expressed higher in HSCs than hepatocytes, and was up-regulated in activated HSCs, HSCs from the livers of carbon tetrachloride-injected mice, or TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. The TGF-β-mediated E6AP up-regulation was not due to altered mRNA level nor protein stability. Thus, we performed microRNA (miRNA, miR) analysis and found that miR-302c was dysregulated in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells or activated primary HSCs. We revealed that miR-302c was a modulator of E6AP. E6AP overexpression inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in LX-2 cells, albeit it was independent of Smad pathway. Additionally, E6AP inhibited TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. To conclude, E6AP overexpression due to decreased miR-302c in HSCs attenuated hepatic fibrogenesis through inhibition of the TGF-β-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, implying that E6AP and other molecules may contribute to protection against liver fibrosis.
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16
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Gâtel P, Piechaczyk M, Bossis G. Ubiquitin, SUMO, and Nedd8 as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:29-54. [PMID: 32274752 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin defines a family of approximately 20 peptidic posttranslational modifiers collectively called the Ubiquitin-like (UbLs). They are conjugated to thousands of proteins, modifying their function and fate in many ways. Dysregulation of these modifications has been implicated in a variety of pathologies, in particular cancer. Ubiquitin, SUMO (-1 to -3), and Nedd8 are the best-characterized UbLs. They have been involved in the regulation of the activity and/or the stability of diverse components of various oncogenic or tumor suppressor pathways. Moreover, the dysregulation of enzymes responsible for their conjugation/deconjugation has also been associated with tumorigenesis and cancer resistance to therapies. The UbL system therefore constitutes an attractive target for developing novel anticancer therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the roles and dysregulations of Ubiquitin, SUMO, and Nedd8 pathways in tumorigenesis, as well as recent advances in the identification of small molecules targeting their conjugating machineries for potential application in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gâtel
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, IGMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Ballar Kirmizibayrak P, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Gozen O, Erzurumlu Y. Divergent Modulation of Proteostasis in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:117-151. [PMID: 32274755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis regulates key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which proteostasis is regulated are crucial and the deterioration of cellular proteostasis has been significantly associated with tumorigenesis since it specifically targets key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Androgens mediate one of the most central signaling pathways in all stages of PCa via the androgen receptor (AR). In addition to their regulation by hormones, PCa cells are also known to be highly secretory and are particularly prone to ER stress as proper ER function is essential. Alterations in various complex signaling pathways and cellular processes including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis are critical factors influencing PCa development through key molecular changes mainly by posttranslational modifications in PCa-related proteins, including AR, NKX3.1, PTEN, p53, cyclin D1, and p27. Several ubiquitin ligases like MDM2, Siah2, RNF6, CHIP, and substrate-binding adaptor SPOP; deubiquitinases such as USP7, USP10, USP26, and USP12 are just some of the modifiers involved in the regulation of these key proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Some ubiquitin-like modifiers, especially SUMOs, have been also closely associated with PCa. On the other hand, the proteotoxicity resulting from misfolded proteins and failure of ER adaptive capacity induce unfolded protein response (UPR) that is an indispensable signaling mechanism for PCa development. Lastly, ER-associated degradation (ERAD) also plays a crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis. In this section, the relationship between prostate cancer and proteostasis will be discussed in terms of UPS, UPR, SUMOylation, ERAD, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oguz Gozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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18
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Li X, Song C, Wang K, Li N, Sun S, Li N, Zhao Z, Li M. Prognostic significance of LAPTM4B and p27kip1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:19-27. [PMID: 31033460 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis, and the lack of druggable markers leads to the unavailability of targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify potential targets for triple-negative breast cancer. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the expression of LAPTM4B and p27kip1 in triple-negative breast cancer, and its clinical significance. METHODS We analyzed the expression and association of LAPTM4B and p27kip1 in human breast cancer databases. To analyze the role of LAPTM4B in the aggressiveness of the human triple-negative breast cancer, the expressions of LAPTM4B were knocked down in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1187 cell lines. Then, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were assessed in vitro. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry examinations of LAPTM4B and p27kip1 expression were performed using surgical specimens from 188 primary triple-negative breast cancer patients. RESULTS Through analyses of several independent breast cancer cohorts, we found the correlation of the LAPTM4B and p27kip1 expression. Remarkably, the knockdown of LAPTM4B restored p27kip1 expression and inhibited the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, the knockdown of p27kip1 relieved the suppression of cell migration. Consistent with the analyses of human breast cancer cohorts, the immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression levels of LAPTM4B and p27kip1 were correlated in 188 triple-negative breast cancer samples (p= 0.019). We also validated that the higher LAPTM4B expression, the lower p27kip1 expression (p= 0.0001), and the LAPTM4B+/p27kip1- subgroup (p< 0.0001) were poor prognostic indicators, as well as the higher histologic grade (p= 0.0001). In the multivariate Cox regression, p27kip1 expression was considered as an independent predictor of survival (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of LAPTM4B and the loss of p27kip1 expression are correlated. Meanwhile, the up-regulated expression of LAPTM4B together with the down-regulated expression of p27kip1 could classified a group of breast cancer patients with poor prognosis, consequently considered as a potentially prognostic marker and candidate target for therapeutic intervention of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Li
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Foreign Language, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Foreign Language, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Siwen Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology and Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Gamell C, Bandilovska I, Gulati T, Kogan A, Lim SC, Kovacevic Z, Takano EA, Timpone C, Agupitan AD, Litchfield C, Blandino G, Horvath LG, Fox SB, Williams SG, Russo A, Gallo E, Paul PJ, Mitchell C, Sandhu S, Keam SP, Haupt S, Richardson DR, Haupt Y. E6AP Promotes a Metastatic Phenotype in Prostate Cancer. iScience 2019; 22:1-15. [PMID: 31739170 PMCID: PMC6864340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although primary prostate cancer is largely curable, progression to metastatic disease is associated with very poor prognosis. E6AP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a transcriptional co-factor involved in normal prostate development. E6AP drives prostate cancer when overexpressed. Our study exposed a role for E6AP in the promotion of metastatic phenotype in prostate cells. We revealed that elevated levels of E6AP in primary prostate cancer correlate with regional metastasis and demonstrated that E6AP promotes acquisition of mesenchymal features, migration potential, and ability for anchorage-independent growth. We identified the metastasis suppressor NDRG1 as a target of E6AP and showed it is key in E6AP induction of mesenchymal phenotype. We showed that treatment of prostate cancer cells with pharmacological agents upregulated NDRG1 expression suppressed E6AP-induced cell migration. We propose that the E6AP-NDRG1 axis is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of E6AP-driven metastatic prostate cancer. Elevated E6AP levels in primary PC in men correlate with regional metastasis Elevated E6AP levels promote mesenchymal features and migration potential E6AP promotes a metastatic phenotype by reducing NDRG1 expression levels Pharmacological upregulation of NDRG1 suppresses E6AP-induced cell migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gamell
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ivona Bandilovska
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Twishi Gulati
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arielle Kogan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Clelia Timpone
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Arjelle D Agupitan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Cassandra Litchfield
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Lisa G Horvath
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrea Russo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Piotr J Paul
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
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20
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Yin G, Zhang B, Li J. miR‑221‑3p promotes the cell growth of non‑small cell lung cancer by targeting p27. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:604-612. [PMID: 31180541 PMCID: PMC6580017 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the critical function of microRNAs in regulating the growth of cancer cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that miR-221-3p was overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines compared with that noted in the normal controls. Downregulation of miR-221-3p suppressed the proliferation, colony formation and invasion of NSCLC cells. To further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential oncogenic function of miR-221-3p in NSCLC, the downstream targets of miR-221-3p were predicted using bioinformatic databases. The prediction suggested the cell cycle regulator p27 as one of the targets of miR-221-3p. Molecular experiments showed that miR-221-3p was able to bind with the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of p27 and decreased the expression of p27 in NSCLC cells. Consistent with the suppressive role of p27 in controlling cell cycle progression, overexpression of miR-221-3p decreased the expression of p27 and promoted cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Collectively, our findings identified miR-221-3p as a novel regulator of NSCLC cell growth via modulating the expression of p27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Yin
- Department of Oncology, Xianyang Hospital, Yan'an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Radiation Department, People's Hospital of Ankang City, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China
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21
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Bandilovska I, Keam SP, Gamell C, Machicado C, Haupt S, Haupt Y. E6AP goes viral: the role of E6AP in viral- and non-viral-related cancers. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:707-714. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Since its discovery, the E3 ubiquitin ligase E6-associated protein (E6AP) has been studied extensively in two pathological contexts: infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and the neurodevelopmental disorder, Angelman syndrome. Vital biological links between E6AP and other viruses, namely hepatitis C virus and encephalomyocarditis virus, have been recently uncovered. Critically, oncogenic E6AP activities have been demonstrated to contribute to cancers of both viral and non-viral origins. HPV-associated cancers serve as the primary example of E6AP involvement in cancers driven by viruses. Studies over the past few years have exposed a role for E6AP in non-viral-related cancers. This has been demonstrated in B-cell lymphoma and prostate cancers, where oncogenic E6AP functions drive these cancers by acting on key tumour suppressors. In this review we discuss the role of E6AP in viral infection, viral propagation and viral-related cancer. We discuss processes affected by oncogenic E6AP, which promote cancers of viral and non-viral aetiology. Overall, recent findings support the role of oncogenic E6AP in disrupting key cellular processes, including tumour suppression and the immune response. E6AP is consequently emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for a number of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bandilovska
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Machicado
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Gulati T, Huang C, Caramia F, Raghu D, Paul PJ, Goode RJA, Keam SP, Williams SG, Haupt S, Kleifeld O, Schittenhelm RB, Gamell C, Haupt Y. Proteotranscriptomic Measurements of E6-Associated Protein (E6AP) Targets in DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1170-1183. [PMID: 29463595 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death in men. E6AP (E6-Associated Protein), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a transcription cofactor, is elevated in a subset of prostate cancer patients. Genetic manipulations of E6AP in prostate cancer cells expose a role of E6AP in promoting growth and survival of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo However, the effect of E6AP on prostate cancer cells is broad and it cannot be explained fully by previously identified tumor suppressor targets of E6AP, promyelocytic leukemia protein and p27. To explore additional players that are regulated downstream of E6AP, we combined a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. We identified and quantified 16,130 transcripts and 7,209 proteins in castration resistant prostate cancer cell line, DU145. A total of 2,763 transcripts and 308 proteins were significantly altered on knockdown of E6AP. Pathway analyses supported the known phenotypic effects of E6AP knockdown in prostate cancer cells and in parallel exposed novel potential links of E6AP with cancer metabolism, DNA damage repair and immune response. Changes in expression of the top candidates were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these, clusterin, a stress-induced chaperone protein, commonly deregulated in prostate cancer, was pursued further. Knockdown of E6AP resulted in increased clusterin transcript and protein levels in vitro and in vivo Concomitant knockdown of E6AP and clusterin supported the contribution of clusterin to the phenotype induced by E6AP. Overall, results from this study provide insight into the potential biological pathways controlled by E6AP in prostate cancer cells and identifies clusterin as a novel target of E6AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twishi Gulati
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- §Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Piotr J Paul
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J A Goode
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- §Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- ‖Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- **Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; .,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,‡‡Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,¶¶Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Gamell C, Ginsberg D, Haupt S, Haupt Y. New insights on the regulation of INK4/ARF locus expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106147-106148. [PMID: 29290925 PMCID: PMC5739710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gamell
- Cristina Gamell: The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Doron Ginsberg
- Cristina Gamell: The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Cristina Gamell: The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Cristina Gamell: The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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