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Wang J, Sun B, Sun L, Niu X, Li L, Xu ZP. "Trojan horse" nanoparticle-delivered cancer cell membrane vaccines to enhance cancer immunotherapy by overcoming immune-escape. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2020-2032. [PMID: 36601679 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell membranes (CCMs) have emerged as advanced cancer treatment vaccines to boost the immune response against cancer and have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, the CCM vaccine confronts the challenges of a weak and short immune response, ascribed to the immune escape and low accumulation of the CCM in antigen presentation cells (APCs). To overcome these shortcomings, we devised a "Trojan horse" CCM nano-vaccine delivered by layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles with mannose targeting and bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating to overcome the immune escape challenge, efficiently boosting the immune response to cancer cells. This "Trojan horse" CCM nano-vaccine, named LGCMB, is constructed by assembling the CCM antigen on CpG-LDH (LG), followed by mannose-BSA coating for the APC target and BSA coating to mask immune-escape protein on the CCM. The in vitro cellular uptake and maturation data have clearly shown that the BSA coating strategy with mannose as a "Trojan horse" efficiently targeted APCs (macrophages and DCs) and effectively inhibited the immune escape of the CCM, competently stimulating the APC maturation. Moreover, LGCMB can migrate to the draining lymph nodes (LNs) and trigger tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. As expected, the LGCMB nano-vaccine significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo, showing great potential as a precision cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Bing Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Luyao Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Xueming Niu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Recent advances in immunotherapy, immunoadjuvant, and nanomaterial-based combination immunotherapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060973. [PMID: 34073996 PMCID: PMC8225176 DOI: 10.3390/v13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
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Ma J, Liu W, Wang B, Yu S, Yu L, Song B, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Als3-Th-cell-epitopes plus the novel combined adjuvants of CpG, MDP, and FIA synergistically enhanced the immune response of recombinant TRAP derived from Staphylococcus aureus in mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:971-983. [PMID: 34010502 PMCID: PMC8342198 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, there are currently no high effective vaccine against S. aureus in humans and animals, the development of an efficient vaccine remains an important challenge to prevent S. aureus infection. Here, we prepared Als3-Th-cell-epitope-Target of RNAIII Activating Protein (TRAP) (ATT) proteins plus the novel combined adjuvants to develop a promising vaccine candidate against S. aureus. METHODS The recombinant pET-28a (+)-att plasmids were constructed, and the ATT proteins were expressed and obtained, then, ATT plus Freund's adjuvant or the novel combined adjuvants of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG), muramyl dipeptides (MDP), and FIA were immunized in mice. After booster immunization, the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and IL-17A cytokine were evaluated, the humoral immune responses against TRAP were detected in mice, and the survival rate of mice was confirmed by challenge assay. RESULTS The mice immunized with ATT plus Freund's adjuvant exhibited significantly higher level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A, and displayed the stronger humoral immune response against TRAP than control groups, importantly, the survival rate of these mice was significantly higher than control groups. In addition, compared with the control groups, ATT + CpG + MDP + FIA group was elicited significantly higher level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A and was triggered the stronger humoral immune responses against TRAP, moreover, generated the higher survival rate of mice. CONCLUSION Als3 epitopes significantly enhanced TRAP immunogenicity. ATT plus the novel combined adjuvants of CpG, MDP, and FIA induced the strong immune response and protection against S. aureus, revealing the combination of CpG, MDP, and FIA adjuvant acts the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Beiyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Cancer Vaccines: Antigen Selection Strategy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020085. [PMID: 33503926 PMCID: PMC7911511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike traditional cancer therapies, cancer vaccines (CVs) harness a high specificity of the host’s immunity to kill tumor cells. CVs can train and bolster the patient’s immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells by enhancing immune cells’ identification of antigens expressed on cancer cells. Various features of antigens like immunogenicity and avidity influence the efficacy of CVs. Therefore, the choice and application of antigens play a critical role in establishing and developing CVs. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), a group of proteins expressed at elevated levels in tumor cells but lower levels in healthy normal cells, have been well-studied and developed in CVs. However, immunological tolerance, HLA restriction, and adverse events are major obstacles that threaten TAA-based CVs’ efficacy due to the “self-protein” characteristic of TAAs. As “abnormal proteins” that are completely absent from normal cells, tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) can trigger a robust immune response against tumor cells with high specificity and without going through central tolerance, contributing to cancer vaccine development feasibility. In this review, we focus on the unique features of TAAs and TSAs and their application in vaccines, summarizing their performance in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Behravan J, Razazan A, Behravan G. Towards Breast Cancer Vaccines, Progress and Challenges. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:251-258. [PMID: 29732989 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180502164652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Mediphage Bioceuticals, Inc., 661 University Avenue, Suite 1300, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto M5G0B7, Canada
| | - Atefeh Razazan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazal Behravan
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang H, Huang W, Gao H, Liu TT. NY-ESO-1 Protein Vaccine Combining Alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 Complex Adjuvant Induces Protective and Therapeutic Anti-Tumor Responses in Murine Multiple Myeloma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8069-8077. [PMID: 32884292 PMCID: PMC7431605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NY-ESO-1 is an ideal target for multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Alum, CpG ODN and HH2 complex is a safe and effective adjuvant for cancer vaccine. Methods We constructed NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine combined with alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex adjuvant to immunize the BALB/c mice inoculated with NS-1 murine multiple myeloma cells. Then, we determined the immunogenicity and anti-tumor effects in prophylactic and therapeutic models by analyzing the NY-ESO-1 antibody titer, evaluating IL4/INF-γ expression, and assessing cytotoxic T lymphocytes activities. The side-effects of vaccines were also evaluated. Results The group of NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine combining alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex adjuvant is more capable of stimulating both humoral and cellular tumor-specific immune responses to prolong the survival of the mice and inhibit tumor growth in prophylactic and therapeutic immunotherapy. The marked side-effects were not detected in immunized mice. Discussion The results suggest that alum, CpG ODN, and HH2 complex as a novel immune adjuvant combined cancer vaccine could improve the immunity efficiency in a murine multiple myeloma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Patel BK, Wang C, Lorens B, Levine AD, Steinmetz NF, Shukla S. Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV)-Based Cancer Testis Antigen NY-ESO-1 Vaccine Elicits an Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4179-4187. [PMID: 34368641 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are promising adjuvant immunotherapies that can stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor-associated antigens and eliminate the residual or recurring disease. The aberrant and restricted expression of highly immunogenic cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in several malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer, melanoma, myelomas, and ovarian cancer, makes NY-ESO-1 an attractive antigenic target for cancer vaccines. This study describes a NY-ESO-1 vaccine based on a bio-inspired nanomaterial platform technology, specifically a plant virus nanoparticle. The 30 nm icosahedral plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) displaying multiple copies of human HLA-A2 restricted peptide antigen NY-ESO-1157-165 exhibited enhanced uptake and activation of antigen-presenting cells and stimulated a potent CD8+ T cell response in transgenic human HLA-A2 expressing mice. CD8+ T cells from immunized mice exhibited antigen-specific proliferation and cancer cell cytotoxicity, highlighting the potential application of a CPMV-NY-ESO-1 vaccine against NY-ESO-1+ malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindi K Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Braulio Lorens
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Medicine, Pediatrics Pathology, and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Ma J, Wang B, Yu L, Song B, Yu Y, Wu S, Dong Y, Zhu Z, Cui Y. The novel combinations of CTB, CpG, and aluminum hydroxide significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of clumping factor A 221-550 of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1846-1855. [PMID: 32501144 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1771170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we prepared the novel combined adjuvants, CTB as intra-molecular adjuvant, CpG and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) to strengthen the immunogenicity of clumping factor A221-550 of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The protein-immunoactive results showed CTB-ClfA221-550 elicited the strong immune responses to serum from mice immunized with CTB and ClfA221-550, respectively. The mice immunized with CTB-ClfA221-550 plus CpG and Alum adjuvant exhibited significantly stronger CD4+ T cell responses for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17 and displayed the higher proliferation response of splenic lymphocytes than the control groups, in addition, these mice generated the strongest humoral immune response against ClfA221-550 among all groups. Our results also showed CTB-ClfA221-550 plus CpG and Alum adjuvant obviously increased the survival percentage of the mice challenged by S. aureus. These data suggested that the novel combined adjuvants, CTB, CpG, and Alum, significantly enhance the immune responses triggered with ClfA221-550, and could provide a new approach against infection of S. aureus. ABBREVIATIONS CTB: Cholera Toxin B; CpG: Cytosine preceding Guanosine; ODN: Oligodeoxynucleotides; Alum: Aluminum hydroxide; TRAP: Target of RNAIII-activating Protein; TLR9: Toll-like Receptor 9; TMB: 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine; mAbs: Monoclonal Antibodies; OD: Optical Densities; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; ClfA: Clumping factor A; FnBPA: Fibronection-binding protein A; IsdB: Iron-regulated surface determinant B; SasA: Staphylococcus aureus Surface Protein A; GapC: Glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Beiyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yazun Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
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Annona muricata L.-Derived Polysaccharides as a Potential Adjuvant to a Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine in a Thymoma-Bearing Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061602. [PMID: 32486094 PMCID: PMC7352220 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are often used to evaluate adjuvants, particularly for adjuvant selection for various vaccines. Here, polysaccharides (named ALP) isolated from leaves of Annona muricata L., which are used in traditional medicine such as for bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases, were evaluated as an adjuvant candidate that can induce anti-tumor activity. We first confirmed the phenotypic (surface molecules, cytokines, antigen uptake, and antigen-presenting ability) and functional alterations (T cell proliferation/activation) of DCs in vitro. We also confirmed the adjuvant effect by evaluating anti-tumor activity and immunity using an ALP-treated DC-immunized mouse model. ALP functionally induced DC maturation by up-regulating the secretion of Th1-polarizing pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of surface molecules, and antigen-presenting ability. ALP triggered DC maturation, which is dependent on the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. ALP-activated DCs showed an ample capacity to differentiate naive T cells to Th1 and activated CD8+ T cells effectively. The systemic administration of DCs that pulse ALP and ovalbumin peptides strongly increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity (by 9.5% compared to that in the control vaccine groups), the generation of CD107a-producing multifunctional T cells, and Th1-mediated humoral immunity, and caused a significant reduction (increased protection by 29% over that in control vaccine groups) in tumor growth. ALP, which triggers the Th1 and CTL response, provides a basis for a new adjuvant for various vaccines.
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George PJ, Tai W, Du L, Lustigman S. The Potency of an Anti-MERS Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine Depends on a Unique Combinatorial Adjuvant Formulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020251. [PMID: 32471056 PMCID: PMC7350031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful strategies to prevent human infectious diseases. Combinatorial adjuvants have gained increasing interest as they can stimulate multiple immune pathways and enhance the vaccine efficacy of subunit vaccines. We investigated the adjuvanticity of Aluminum (alum) in combination with rASP-1, a protein adjuvant, using the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV receptor-binding-domain (RBD) vaccine antigen. A highly enhanced anti-MERS-CoV neutralizing antibody response was induced when mice were immunized with rASP-1 and the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in two separate injection sites as compared to mice immunized with RBD + rASP-1 + alum formulated into a single inoculum. The antibodies produced also significantly inhibited the binding of RBD to its cell-associated receptor. Moreover, immunization with rASP-1 co-administered with the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in separate sites resulted in an enhanced frequency of TfH and GC B cells within the draining lymph nodes, both of which were positively associated with the titers of the neutralizing antibody response related to anti-MERS-CoV protective immunity. Our findings not only indicate that this unique combinatorial adjuvanted RBD vaccine regimen improved the immunogenicity of RBD, but also point to the importance of utilizing combinatorial adjuvants for the induction of synergistic protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakkal Jovvian George
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (W.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (W.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Tornesello AL, Tagliamonte M, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Buonaguro L. Nanoparticles to Improve the Efficacy of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1049. [PMID: 32340356 PMCID: PMC7226445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent a potent antigen presentation and delivery system to elicit an optimal immune response by effector cells targeting tumor-associated antigens expressed by cancer cells. Many types of nanoparticles have been developed, such as polymeric complexes, liposomes, micelles and protein-based structures such as virus like particles. All of them show promising results for immunotherapy approaches. In particular, the immunogenicity of peptide-based cancer vaccines can be significantly potentiated by nanoparticles. Indeed, nanoparticles are able to enhance the targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and trigger cytokine production for optimal T cell response. The present review summarizes the categories of nanoparticles and peptide cancer vaccines which are currently under pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Franco M. Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.L.T.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
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Wang X, Cao F, Yan M, Liu Y, Zhu X, Sun H, Ma G. Alum-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomplexes for effective anticancer vaccination. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:390-399. [PMID: 30448435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvant (e.g., aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH), known as the commercial Alhydrogel® (Alum)) is the first adjuvant to be used in human vaccines. Although Alum shows a robust induction of antibody-mediated immunity, its weak stimulation of cell-mediated immunity makes it a questionable adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we described a novel formulation of Alum-based adjuvant by preparing AlO(OH)-modified graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GO-AlO(OH)), which, in addition to maintaining the induction of humoral immune response by AlO(OH), could further elicit the cellular immune response by GO. Similar to Alum, GO-AlO(OH) vaccine formulation could be constructed by the incorporation of antigen using a facile mixing/adsorption approach. Antigen-loaded GO-AlO(OH) nanocomplexes facilitated cellular uptake and cytosolic release of antigens and promoted DC maturation, thereby eliciting higher antigen-specific IgG titers, inducing robust CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte response, and inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, by employing tumor cell lysate-based cancer vaccines, GO-AlO(OH) nanocomplexes led to significant inhibition of tumor growth and can be implemented as a personalized treatment strategy for cancer vaccine development. Overall, GO-AlO(OH) nanocomplexes described herein may serve as a facile and efficient approach for effective anticancer vaccination. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Herein, we described a novel formulation of aluminum-based adjuvant by preparing aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH)) (known as "Alum")-modified graphene oxide (GO) nanocomplexes (GO-AlO(OH)), which, in addition to maintaining the induction of humoral immune response by AlO(OH), could further elicit the cellular immune response by GO. GO-AlO(OH) nanocomplexes can be prepared easily and in large scale by a chemical precipitation method. Similar to "Alum," antigen-loaded GO-AlO(OH) vaccine formulation could be constructed by the incorporation of antigen using a facile mixing/adsorption approach. The very simple and reproductive preparation process of vaccines and the powerful ability to raise both humoral and cellular immune responses provide a novel approach for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Fengqiang Cao
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xianghui Zhu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongfan Sun
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Guilei Ma
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China.
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15
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Chen Y, Yuan F, Jiang X, Lv Q, Luo N, Gong C, Wang C, Yang L, He G. Discovery of a self-assembling and self-adjuvant lipopeptide as a saccharide-free peptide vaccine targeting EGFRvIII positive cutaneous melanoma. Biomater Sci 2018. [PMID: 29528348 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tumor immunotherapy has achieved great progress in the treatment of hematological and solid neoplasms. The DC vaccines, KLH-conjugated vaccines or glycosylated peptide vaccines can efficiently induce immune responses against tumors. In the current study, we have discovered cholesteryl PADRE-EGFRvIII epitope-conjugated lipopeptide self-assembled micelles as a potential self-adjuvant vaccine against cutaneous melanoma. The lipopeptide vaccines were synthesized using a standard solid phase peptide synthesis method, and these vaccines could elicit both a humoral and a cellular immune response to EGFRvIII positive melanoma cells. Their high humoral immunoreaction stimulation properties in combination with their cytotoxic T-cell eliciting properties provide them with potent tumor inhibitory capacity. In therapeutic and preventive xenograft models of B16-EGFRvIII melanoma cells, the self-adjuvant lipopeptide vaccine micelles efficiently prevented tumor growth as well as tumorigenesis. Our results provide a novel platform for eliciting immune responses to non-antigenic cancer-related epitopes in peptide cancer vaccine discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of breast surgery and Department of dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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16
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Lai C, Duan S, Ye F, Hou X, Li X, Zhao J, Yu X, Hu Z, Tang Z, Mo F, Yang X, Lu X. The enhanced antitumor-specific immune response with mannose- and CpG-ODN-coated liposomes delivering TRP2 peptide. Theranostics 2018; 8:1723-1739. [PMID: 29556352 PMCID: PMC5858178 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines is a newly emerging and potent form of immune therapy. As for any new technology, there are still considerable challenges that need to be addressed. Here, we investigate the antitumor potential of a novel liposomal vaccine, M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo. METHODS We developed a vaccination strategy by assembling the DC-targeting mannose and immune adjuvant CpG-ODN on the surface of liposomes, which were loaded with melanoma-specific TRP2180-188 peptide as liposomal vaccine. M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo treatment was used to intendedly induce activation of DCs and antitumor- specific immune response in vivo. RESULTS Our results demonstrated in vitro that the prepared liposomal particles were efficiently taken up by DCs. This uptake led to an enhanced activation of DCs, as measured by the upregulation of MHC II, CD80, and CD86. Furthermore, M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo effectively inhibited the growth of implanted B16 melanoma and prolonged the survival of mice. This therapy significantly reduced the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells, while simultaneously increasing the number of activated T cells, tumor antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and interferon-γ-producing cells. At the same time, it was found to suppress tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, as well as up-regulate their apoptosis. Interestingly, MyD88-knockout mice had significantly shorter median survival times compared to wild-type mice following the administration of M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the antitumor activities of the vaccine partially rely on the Myd88 signaling pathway. Interestingly, compared to whole tumor cell lysate-based vaccine, M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo, tumor specific antigen peptide-based vaccine, improved survival of tumor-bearing mice as well as enhanced their antitumor responses. All in all, we describe a novel vaccine formulation, M/CpG-ODN-TRP2-Lipo, with the aim of improving antitumor responses by alleviating the immunosuppressive environment in tumors.
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17
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Maletzki C, Gladbach YS, Hamed M, Fuellen G, Semmler ML, Stenzel J, Linnebacher M. Cellular vaccination of MLH1 -/- mice - an immunotherapeutic proof of concept study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1408748. [PMID: 29399413 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch-repair deficiency (MMR-D) is closely linked to hypermutation and accordingly, high immunogenicity. MMR-D-related tumors thus constitute ideal vaccination targets for both therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. Herein, the prophylactic and therapeutic impact of a cellular vaccine on tumor growth and tumor-immune microenvironment was studied in a murine MLH1-/- knockout mouse model. Prophylactic application of the lysate (+/- CpG ODN 1826) delayed tumor development, accompanied by increased levels of circulating T cell numbers. Therapeutic application of the vaccine prolonged overall survival (median time: 11.5 (lysate) and 12 weeks (lysate + CpG ODN) vs. 3 weeks (control group), respectively) along with reduced tumor burden, as confirmed by PET/CT imaging and immune stimulation (increased CD3+CD8+ T - and NK cell numbers, reduced levels of TIM-3+ cells in both treatment groups). Coding microsatellite analysis of MMR-D-related target genes revealed increased mutational load upon vaccination (total mutation frequency within 28 genes: 28.6% vaccine groups vs. 14.9% control group, respectively). Reactive immune cells recognized autologous tumor cells, but also NK cells target YAC-1 in IFNγ ELISpot and, even more importantly, in functional kill assays. Assessment of tumor microenvironment revealed infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and granulocytes, but also upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules (LAG-3, PD-L1). The present study is the first reporting in vivo results on a therapeutic cellular MMR-D vaccine. Vaccination-induced prolonged survival was achieved in a clinically-relevant mouse model for MMR-D-related diseases by long-term impairment of tumor growth and this could be attributed to re-activated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maletzki
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Saara Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research - IBIMA Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research - IBIMA Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research - IBIMA Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Semmler
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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