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Hosseinzadeh A, Jamshidi Naeini A, Sheibani M, Gholamine B, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:487-503. [PMID: 38607587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi Naeini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Gholamine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT pathway as a pivotal regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38730433 PMCID: PMC11084110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, as the leading cause of cancer related deaths, is one of the main global health challenges. Despite various progresses in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality among lung cancer patients, which can be related to the lack of clinical symptoms to differentiate lung cancer from the other chronic respiratory disorders in the early tumor stages. Most lung cancer patients are identified in advanced and metastatic tumor stages, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in lung tumor progression and metastasis in order to introduce early diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in lung tumor metastasis, during which tumor cells gain the metastatic ability by acquiring mesenchymal characteristics. Since, majority of the oncogenic signaling pathways exert their role in tumor cell invasion by inducing the EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulation of EMT process during lung tumor metastasis. It has been reported that the PI3K/AKT acts as an inducer of EMT process through the activation of EMT-specific transcription factors in lung tumor cells. MicroRNAs also exerted their inhibitory effects during EMT process by inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. This review can be an effective step towards introducing the PI3K/AKT pathway as a suitable therapeutic target to inhibit the EMT process and tumor metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Liao WL, Liu YF, Ying TH, Shieh JC, Hung YT, Lee HJ, Shen CY, Cheng CW. Inhibitory Effects of Ursolic Acid on the Stemness and Progression of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Modulating Argonaute-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010366. [PMID: 36613808 PMCID: PMC9820512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The stemness and metastasis of cancer cells are crucial features in determining cancer progression. Argonaute-2 (AGO2) overexpression was reported to be associated with microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, supporting the self-renewal and differentiation characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpene compound, has multiple biological functions, including anticancer activity. In this study, we find that UA inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using the CCK-8 assay. UA induced a significant decrease in the fraction of CSC in which it was examined by changes in the expression of stemness biomarkers, including the Nanog and Oct4 genes. UA altered invasion and migration capacities by significant decreases in the levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins of slug and vimentin. Furthermore, the co-reduction in oncogenic miRNA levels (miR-9 and miR-221) was a result of the down-modulation in AGO2 in breast cancer cells in vitro. Mechanically, UA increases PTEN expression to inactivate the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and the decreased level of c-Myc in quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot imaging analyses. Our current understanding of the anticancer potential of UA in interrupting between EMT programming and the state of CSC suggests that UA can contribute to improvements in the clinical practice of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tzu Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2789-9036 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11677) (C.-W.C.); Fax: +886-2-2782-3047 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2372-3229 (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2789-9036 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11677) (C.-W.C.); Fax: +886-2-2782-3047 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2372-3229 (C.-W.C.)
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4
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Noie Alamdari A, Noee Alamdari Y, Abak A, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in squamous cell carcinoma with an especial focus on head and neck cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:254. [PMID: 35964082 PMCID: PMC9375325 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/AKT pathway is an important pathway in the carcinogenesis since it has central impacts in the regulation of metabolic pathways, cell proliferation and survival, gene expression and protein synthesis. This pathway has been reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers. In the current review, we summarize the role of this signaling pathway in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) originated from different parts of body cervix, oral cavity, head and neck and skin. The data presented in the current review shows the impact of dysregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway in survival of patients with SCC. Moreover, targeted therapies against this pathway have been found to be effective in reduction of tumor burden both in animal models and clinical settings. Finally, a number of molecules that regulate PI3K/AKT pathway can be used as diagnostic markers for different types of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Noie Alamdari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Gao Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhao D, Sun Q, Chen D. Lipid-mediated phase separation of AGO proteins on the ER controls nascent-peptide ubiquitination. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1313-1328.e8. [PMID: 35325613 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AGO/miRNA-mediated gene silencing and ubiquitin-mediated protein quality control represent two fundamental mechanisms that control proper gene expression. Here, we unexpectedly discover that fly and human AGO proteins, which are key components in the miRNA pathway, undergo lipid-mediated phase separation and condense into RNP granules on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to control protein production. Phase separation on the ER is mediated by electrostatic interactions between a conserved lipid-binding motif within the AGOs and the lipid PI(4,5)P2. The ER-localized AGO condensates recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase Ltn1 to catalyze nascent-peptide ubiquitination and coordinate with the VCP-Ufd1-Npl4 complex to process unwanted protein products for proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our study provides insight into the understanding of post-transcription-translation coupling controlled by AGOs via lipid-mediated phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Liu X, Tong Y, Xia D, Peng E, Yang X, Liu H, Ye T, Wang X, He Y, Ye Z, Chen Z, Tang K. Circular RNAs in prostate cancer: Biogenesis,biological functions, and clinical significance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1130-1147. [PMID: 34820150 PMCID: PMC8585584 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in various tumors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, more and more circRNAs have been found to be abnormally expressed and involved in the occurrence and development of PCa, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and radiotherapy resistance. Most of the circRNAs regulate biological behaviors of cancer through a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory mechanism, and some can exert their functions by binding to proteins. circRNAs are also associated with many clinicopathological features of PCa, including tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. In addition, circRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PCa. Considering their critical regulatory roles in the progression of PCa, circRNAs would be the potential therapeutic targets. In this paper, the current research status of circRNAs in PCa is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ejun Peng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hailang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinguang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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7
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Serum-derived exosomes promote CD8+ T cells to overexpress PD-1, affecting the prognosis of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:584. [PMID: 34717645 PMCID: PMC8557583 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) is associated with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Immune escape is one of the reasons for the poor prognosis of malignant tumors. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have been shown to play important roles in immune escape. However, the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in HPC remains unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of exosomes from HPC patient serum on CD8+ T cell function and PD-1/PD-L1 expression and, thus, on prognosis. We hope to provide guidance for the identification of new targets for HPC immunotherapy. METHODS PD-1 and CD8 expression in 71 HPC tissues and 16 paracarcinoma tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Concurrently, the clinicopathological data of the patients were obtained to conduct correlation analysis. Exosomes were isolated from serum and then identified by Western blotting (WB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Flow cytometry was used to assess the activity of CD8+ T cells after exosome stimulation. The effects of exosomes on the ability of CD8+ T cells to kill FaDu cells were assessed by CCK-8 assay. The expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PD-L1 expression in HPC tissue samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and prognosis was investigated with patient specimens. RESULTS PD-1 expression was significantly upregulated on CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues compared with those in normal tissues. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of PD-1-overexpressing patients were decreased. Serum exosomes from patients can elevate PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells and suppress their killing capacity and secretory function. The rate of positive PD-L1 expression was increased in HPC tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. The DFS and OS of the PD-1(+)-PD-L1(+) group were significantly lower than those of the PD-1(-)-PD-L1(-) group. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that serum exosomes from HPC patients can inhibit CD8+ T cell function and that the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the immune escape of HPC. Exosomes combined with immunotherapy may guide the treatment of patients with advanced disease in the future.
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Teixeira AL, Patrão AS, Dias F, Silva C, Vieira I, Silva JF, Ferreira M, Morais A, Maurício J, Medeiros R. AGO2 expression levels and related genetic polymorphisms: influence in renal cell progression and aggressive phenotypes. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:1069-1079. [PMID: 34672687 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urological cancer and up to 40% of patients submitted to surgery will relapse. Thus, the study aim was to analyze the associations of AGO2 SNPs with RCC patients' prognosis, and evaluate their effect on AGO2 mRNA levels. Materials & methods: The AGO2 rs4961280, rs3928672 and rs11996715 polymorphisms and the relative quantification of AGO2 mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: We observed that AGO2 rs4961280 AC + AA genotypes carriers presented a higher cancer progression risk (odds ratio= 3.13, p < 0.001), a reduced progression-free survival (log rank test, p = 0.003) and an increased risk of an early relapse (hazard ratio= 2.26, p = 0.008). In fact, these patients also presented higher circulating levels of AGO2 mRNA (p = 0.043), with the high levels being associated with more aggressive tumors. Conclusion: The AGO2 rs4961280 AA/AC genotypes are unfavorable RCC prognostic biomarkers, with the AGO2 levels being a useful RCC aggressive phenotype biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto CCC)
| | - Ana Sofia Patrão
- Medical Oncology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISECI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto CCC)
| | - Carlos Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISECI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto CCC)
| | - Isabel Vieira
- Urology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Fernando Silva
- Urology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Medical Oncology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Morais
- Urology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquina Maurício
- Medical Oncology Department of The Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISECI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto CCC).,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for The Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.,FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, LPCC- Portuguese League Against Cancer (NR Norte), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Gholami L, Badrlou E, Nazer N, Sadeghi G, Haftlang MK, Mirzajani S, Shadnoush M, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Expression of apoptosome-related genes in periodontitis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Mao W, Liu Y, Ding J, Wang J, Yu Z, Huang R, Yang S, Sun Y, Dong P. 3-MA Enhanced Chemosensitivity in Cisplatin Resistant Hypopharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Inhibiting Beclin -1 Mediated Autophagy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:996-1005. [PMID: 33349212 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201221150431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is characterized by a high degree of malignancy. The most common pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs nowadays and cisplatin resistance is a major problem in current treatment strategies. Clinical researchers have reported that high autophagy levels often caused insensitivity to chemotherapy, a common phenomenon that greatly reduces the therapeutic effect in cisplatin- resistant tumor cell lines. 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of PI3K, plays a vital role in forming and developing autophagosomes. Therefore, we speculate that the use of 3-MA may reduce cisplatin resistance in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). METHODS Part I: Cisplatin-resistant FaDu cell line (Human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells) was established and cultured. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect drug resistance. An inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes at different concentrations, then the survival rate was calculated. After MDC staining, the autophagic vacuoles were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The expression of Beclin1 from each group was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot method. Part II: 3-MA was applied for cisplatin-resistant cells intervention, Beclin1 was knocked down by plasmid transfection. Cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry assay, apoptosis with necrosis was detected by staining with propidium iodide (PI). CCK-8 was used to observe the cell survival rate in each group. The expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin1, LC3I, LC3II, Atg-5 and P62 in each group was verified by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cisplatin-resistant FaDu cell line can be stably constructed by cisplatin intervention. Compared with normal group, autophagy and its related protein Beclin1 expression were enhanced in cisplatin resistant FaDu cells. Autophagy inhibition group showed significant cell cycle changes, mainly manifested by G1 arrest, increased apoptosis rate and significantly decreased survival rate at 24h level. The number of autophagy vacuoles were significantly reduced in the 3-MA group. Furthermore, Western blot showed that expression of Beclin1, lc3-I, lc3-II, atg-5 protein decreased significantly after 3-MA intervention, while the expression of p62 upregulated, which also confirmed autophagy flow was blocked. CONCLUSION Our work confirmed that enhanced autophagy is an important cause of cisplatin resistance in FaDu cells. The use of 3-MA can significantly reduce autophagy level and arresting its cell cycle, promote apoptosis and reverse the cisplatin resistance condition, this effect is partly mediated by inhibition of Beclin-1 expression. Our data provide a theoretical basis for the application of 3-MA in overcoming cisplatin resistance in hypopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ruofei Huang
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pin Dong
- Division of ENT & HN Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck, Shanghai, 200080, China
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11
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Nowak I, Sarshad AA. Argonaute Proteins Take Center Stage in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040788. [PMID: 33668654 PMCID: PMC7918559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dysregulation of RNA interference (RNAi) has often been observed in cancers, where the main focus of research has been on the small RNA molecules directing RNAi. In this review, we focus on the activity of Argonaute proteins, central components of RNAi, in tumorigenesis, and also highlight their potential applications in grading tumors and anti-cancer therapies. Abstract Argonaute proteins (AGOs) play crucial roles in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) formation and activity. AGOs loaded with small RNA molecules (miRNA or siRNA) either catalyze endoribonucleolytic cleavage of target RNAs or recruit factors responsible for translational silencing and target destabilization. miRNAs are well characterized and broadly studied in tumorigenesis; nevertheless, the functions of the AGOs in cancers have lagged behind. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge on the role of AGOs in tumorigenesis, highlighting canonical and non-canonical functions of AGOs in cancer cells, as well as the biomarker potential of AGO expression in different of tumor types. Furthermore, we point to the possible application of the AGOs in development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aishe A. Sarshad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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12
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Annese T, Tamma R, De Giorgis M, Ribatti D. microRNAs Biogenesis, Functions and Role in Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581007. [PMID: 33330058 PMCID: PMC7729128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, evolutionary conserved. They target more than one mRNAs, thus influencing multiple molecular pathways, but also mRNAs may bind to a variety of miRNAs, either simultaneously or in a context-dependent manner. miRNAs biogenesis, including miRNA transcription, processing by Drosha and Dicer, transportation, RISC biding, and miRNA decay, are finely controlled in space and time. miRNAs are critical regulators in various biological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and development in both health and disease. Their dysregulation is involved in tumor initiation and progression. In tumors, they can act as onco-miRNAs or oncosuppressor-miRNA participating in distinct cellular pathways, and the same miRNA can perform both activities depending on the context. In tumor progression, the angiogenic switch is fundamental. miRNAs derived from tumor cells, endothelial cells, and cells of the surrounding microenvironment regulate tumor angiogenesis, acting as pro-angiomiR or anti-angiomiR. In this review, we described miRNA biogenesis and function, and we update the non-classical aspects of them. The most recent role in the nucleus, as transcriptional gene regulators and the different mechanisms by which they could be dysregulated, in tumor initiation and progression, are treated. In particular, we describe the role of miRNAs in sprouting angiogenesis, vessel co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry. The role of miRNAs in lymphoma angiogenesis is also discussed despite the scarcity of data. The information presented in this review reveals the need to do much more to discover the complete miRNA network regulating angiogenesis, not only using high-throughput computational analysis approaches but also morphological ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelina De Giorgis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Zhang Y, Sun X. Role of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Therapeutic Prospect. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10207-10220. [PMID: 33116602 PMCID: PMC7553669 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s270342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Among them, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of head and neck cancers, which occurs in the oral cavity, oral pharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients is only 63%, mainly because about 80–90% of patients with advanced HNSCC tend to suffer from local recurrence or even distant metastasis. Despite the more in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of HNSCC in recent years, effective targeted therapies are unavailable for HNSCC, which emphasize the urgent demand for studies in this area. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase that contributes to oncogenesis and tumor progression by its significant function in cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration. In addition, FAK exerts an effect on the tumor microenvironment, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, radiation (chemotherapy) resistance, tumor stem cells and regulation of inflammatory factors. Moreover, the overexpression and activation of FAK are detected in multiple types of tumors, including HNSCC. FAK inhibition can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, significantly decrease cell growth, invasion and migration in HNSCC cell lines. In this article, we mainly review the research progress of FAK in the occurrence, development and metastasis of HNSCC, and put forward the prospects for the therapeutic targets of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Cui P, Jing P, Liu X, Xu W. Prognostic Significance of PD-L1 Expression and Its Tumor-Intrinsic Functions in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5893-5902. [PMID: 32765090 PMCID: PMC7373417 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s257299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is common in various solid human cancers and it is an important therapeutic target. However, the expression pattern, clinical significance and potential mechanism of PD-L1 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) are still lacking. Methods PD-L1 expression in HSCC tumor tissues and paired adjacent hypopharyngeal mucosal tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry assay, and the clinical significance of PD-L1 in HSCC was characterized. In vitro assays including cell viability assays, migration assays, invasion assays as well as Western blot assays were performed to illuminate the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of PD-L1 in HSCC development. Results PD-L1 expression was detected in HSCC samples but we found no positive expression in matched normal hypopharyngeal mucosal tissues. The levels of PD-L1 expression were significantly correlated with advanced clinical progression and poor patient survival. Multivariable analysis of Cox model showed that PD-L1 expression was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HSCC patients. Functional experiments showed that the ectopic expression of PD-L1 markedly influenced the proliferation, migration and invasion of FaDu cells in vitro. Mechanistically, investigations demonstrated that PD-L1 could promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of FaDu cells. Meanwhile, PD-L1 knockdown inhibited, while PD-L1 overexpression activated the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in FaDu cells. The EMT induced by PD-L1 overexpression could be reversed by the Akt inhibitor. Conclusion In summary, the expression of PD-L1 can act as a significant biomarker for the adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of patients with HSCC. PD-L1 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of FaDu cells and consequently enhance the aggressiveness. Moreover, PD-L1 induces EMT through AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. These suggest that PD-L1 has important tumor-intrinsic functions independent of its immunopathogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihang Jing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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From the Argonauts Mythological Sailors to the Argonautes RNA-Silencing Navigators: Their Emerging Roles in Human-Cell Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114007. [PMID: 32503341 PMCID: PMC7312461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression has emerged as a fundamental element of transcript homeostasis. Key effectors in this process are the Argonautes (AGOs), highly specialized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that form complexes, such as the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). AGOs dictate post-transcriptional gene-silencing by directly loading small RNAs and repressing their mRNA targets through small RNA-sequence complementarity. The four human highly-conserved family-members (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO4) demonstrate multi-faceted and versatile roles in transcriptome’s stability, plasticity, and functionality. The post-translational modifications of AGOs in critical amino acid residues, the nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations, and the deregulation of expression and interactions are tightly associated with aberrant activities, which are observed in a wide spectrum of pathologies. Through constantly accumulating information, the AGOs’ fundamental engagement in multiple human diseases has recently emerged. The present review examines new insights into AGO-driven pathology and AGO-deregulation patterns in a variety of diseases such as in viral infections and propagations, autoimmune diseases, cancers, metabolic deficiencies, neuronal disorders, and human infertility. Altogether, AGO seems to be a crucial contributor to pathogenesis and its targeting may serve as a novel and powerful therapeutic tool for the successful management of diverse human diseases in the clinic.
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Accumulation of AGO2 Facilitates Tumorigenesis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1631843. [PMID: 32420319 PMCID: PMC7210519 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1631843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AGO2 (Argonaute RISC Catalytic Component 2) plays an important role in small RNA-guided gene silencing processes. It has been implied in tumorigenesis of different types of tumors. In this study, we found that AGO2 expression was remarkably increased in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues when compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. High expression of AGO2 was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of AGO2 in SMMC-7721 cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced significant G1 phase arrest of cell cycle. Inhibition of cell migration was also observed in SMMC-7721 AGO2−/− cells. In vivo experiments showed that tumors grew slower in nude mice transplanted with AGO2−/− cells than in SMMC-7721 cell-derived xenograft mice. Microarray analysis and western blot analysis revealed that AGO2 depletion decreased expression of Survivin, Vimentin, and Snail. Overexpression of AGO2 in SMMC-7721 and Huh-7 cells could reverse the knockout-induced inhibition effects on either cell behaviors or expression of Survivin, Vimentin, and Snail Therefore, our data demonstrated that AGO2 might facilitate HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis through modulating expression of Survivin, Vimentin, and Snail.
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Ali Syeda Z, Langden SSS, Munkhzul C, Lee M, Song SJ. Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1723. [PMID: 32138313 PMCID: PMC7084905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are virtually involved at the post-transcriptional level and bind to 3' UTR of their target messenger RNA (mRNA) to suppress expression. Dysfunction of miRNAs disturbs expression of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive target genes, which is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. As such, a large number of miRNAs have been found to be downregulated or upregulated in human cancers and to function as oncomiRs or oncosuppressor miRs. Notably, the molecular mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer has been recently uncovered. The genetic deletion or amplification and epigenetic methylation of miRNA genomic loci and the transcription factor-mediated regulation of primary miRNA often alter the landscape of miRNA expression in cancer. Dysregulation of the multiple processing steps in mature miRNA biogenesis can also cause alterations in miRNA expression in cancer. Detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in cancer is essential for understanding its physiological role and the implications of cancer-associated dysfunction and dysregulation. In this review, we elucidate how miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer, paying particular attention to the cancer-associated transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that execute miRNA programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ali Syeda
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Siu Semar Saratu’ Langden
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Choijamts Munkhzul
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Mihye Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (Z.A.S.); (S.S.S.L.); (C.M.)
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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Huang W, Huang F, Lei Z, Luo H. LncRNA SNHG11 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, Apoptosis, and Autophagy by Regulating hsa-miR-184/AGO2 in HCC. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:413-421. [PMID: 32021286 PMCID: PMC6969695 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s237161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common malignant tumor of the digestive system is HCC. However, the mechanism and pathogenesis of HCC occurrence and progress are still unknown. LncRNA is closely related to the occurrence and progress of HCC. It is important to investigate the effect and role of lncRNA in HCC. Materials and Methods LncRNA microarray assay was used to screen the differential expression profile of lncRNA. SNHG11, miR-184 and GO2 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. The ability of SNHG11 to serve as a sponge for miRNA and the fact that miR-184 directly targets mRNA were revealed by dual luciferase assay and RIP. Apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Results LncRNA microarray assay and RT-PCR results revealed that the expression of SNHG11 was increased in HCC tumor tissues and also upregulated in HCC cells. SNHG11 had a connection with poor survival rate in HCC. In addition, dual luciferase assay and RIP results revealed that SNHG11 serves as a sponge for miR-184 and miR-184 directly targets AGO2. Pearson correlation analysis showed that SNHG11 with miR-184 and miR-184 with AGO2 were negative correlations, and SNHG11 with AGO2 was a positive correlation. Cell function assay and Western blot showed SNHG4/miR-184/AGO2 regulatory loop was critical for HCC cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the expression of SNHG11 is higher in HCC; moreover, SNHG11 promotes proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy by regulating AGO2 via miR-184 in HCC. Our verification of the role of SNHG11 may provide a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Jin X, Luan H, Chai H, Yan L, Zhang J, Wang Q, Cao L. Netrin‑1 interference potentiates epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway under the hypoxic microenvironment conditions of non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1457-1465. [PMID: 30968155 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin‑1 is overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, whether netrin‑1 can potentiate hypoxia‑induced tumor progression in lung cancer has not been reported to date. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether netrin‑1 regulates cancer cell migration and invasion under hypoxic conditions in lung cancer and explore the underlying mechanism. A three‑dimensional microfluidic chip was used to observe real‑time changes in cancer cells, and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to simulate a hypoxic microenvironment. Netrin‑1 siRNA was employed in the A549 and PC9 cell lines to downregulate the expression of netrin‑1. Microfluidic chip, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. The expression levels of E‑cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blotting. The data demonstrated that netrin‑1 mediated epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 and PC9 cells in vitro, which may be associated with the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/AKT pathway. This effect of netrin‑1 on the EMT was not observed in the normoxic microenvironment. In this retrospective study, netrin‑1 concentrations were evaluated in serum obtained from patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared with healthy control samples by quantitative enzyme‑linked immunosorbent analysis. The serum concentration of netrin‑1 was found to be significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy donors. Taken together, the findings of the present study highlight a novel role for netrin‑1 in tumor development under hypoxia in NSCLC and provide further evidence for the use of netrin‑1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Heqi Luan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Xu S, Hui L, Yang N, Wang Y, Zhao N, Jiang XJ. Upregulation of microRNA‑194‑5p inhibits hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SMURF1 via the mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1245-1255. [PMID: 30720112 PMCID: PMC6411369 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) is an aggressive malignancy with the worst prognosis among all head and neck cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of many human cancers, and may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of miRNA (miR)-194-5p on the proliferation and invasion of HPC cells and to identify the potential regulatory mechanism. First, miR-194-5p and Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) expression levels were examined in HPC tissues. Subsequently, to explore the effects of miR-194-5p on SMURF1, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the target relationship. To define the role of miR-194-5p in HPC progression, miR-194-5p upregulation and depletion were used to evaluate its effects on cell viability, invasion and migration. SMURF1 silencing and rapamycin [an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway] treatment were also used to analyze the regulatory mechanism in HPC. Finally, tumor growth was assessed in xenografted tumors in nude mice. SMURF1 was demonstrated to be highly expressed, whereas miR-194-5p was poorly expressed in HPC tissues; SMURF1 was identified as a target gene of miR-194-5p. FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells treated with miR-194-5p mimics exhibited decreased viability, invasion and migration. The results indicated that miR-194-5p may inactivate the mTOR signaling pathway by targeting SMURF1. In addition, the in vivo experiments further verified these regulatory effects. These data suggested that miR-194-5p-targeted SMURF1 inhibition may be involved in the disruption of HPC progression through the repression of the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lian Hui
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Jiang
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Circular RNA circAGO2 drives cancer progression through facilitating HuR-repressed functions of AGO2-miRNA complexes. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1346-1364. [PMID: 30341421 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Argonaute 2 (AGO2), the core component of microRNA (miRNA)-induced silencing complex, plays a compelling role in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness. However, the mechanisms regulating the functions of AGO2 in cancer still remain elusive. Herein, we indentify one intronic circular RNA (circRNA) generated from AGO2 gene (circAGO2) as a novel regulator of AGO2-miRNA complexes and cancer progression. CircAGO2 is up-regulated in gastric cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and neuroblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. CircAGO2 promotes the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that circAGO2 physically interacts with human antigen R (HuR) protein to facilitate its activation and enrichment on the 3'-untranslated region of target genes, resulting in reduction of AGO2 binding and repression of AGO2/miRNA-mediated gene silencing associated with cancer progression. Pre-clinically, administration of lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting circAGO2 inhibits the expression of downstream target genes, and suppresses the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of xenografts in nude mice. In addition, blocking the interaction between circAGO2 and HuR by cell-penetrating inhibitory peptide represses the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicate that oncogenic circAGO2 drives cancer progression through facilitating HuR-repressed functions of AGO2-miRNA complexes.
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Sang L, Lu D, Zhang J, Du S, Zhao X. Mifepristone inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of HUUA cells and promotes its apoptosis by regulation of FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5441-5449. [PMID: 30233205 PMCID: PMC6129030 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim was to investigate mifepristone effects on endometrial carcinoma and the related mechanism. Methods HHUA cells were treated with DMEM containing different concentrations of mifepristone. HHUA cells treated with 100 μmol/L mifepristone were named the Mifepristone group. HHUA cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-PI3K and pcDNA3.1-AKT overexpression vectors were treated with 100 μmol/L mifepristone and named the Mifepristone + PI3K/AKT group. mRNA expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Protein expression was performed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was conducted by MTT assay. Wound-healing assay was conducted. Transwell was used to detect cells migration and invasion. Apoptosis detection was performed by flow cytometry. Results Mifepristone inhibited HHUA cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with HHUA cells treated with 0 μmol/L mifepristone, HHUA cells treated by 50–100 μmol/L mifepristone had a lower wound-healing rate, a greater number of migrating and invasive cells (P<0.01), as well as a higher percentage of apoptotic cells and Caspase-3 expression (P<0.01). When HHUA cells were treated with 50–100 μmol/L of mifepristone, FAK, p-FAK, p-PI3K and p-AKT relative expression was all significantly lower than HHUA cells treated with 0 μmol/L of mifepristone (P<0.01). Compared with the Mifepristone group, HHUA cells of the Mifepristone + PI3K/AKT group had a lower cell growth inhibition rate and percentage of apoptotic cells (P<0.01). Conclusion Mifepristone inhibited HUUA cells proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted its apoptosis by regulation of FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei City Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
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