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Association between Lipoprotein Subfractions, Hemostatic Potentials, and Coronary Atherosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2993309. [PMID: 36082237 PMCID: PMC9448618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2993309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Dyslipidemias are associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and a prothrombotic state, thus increasing the risk of both atherosclerotic vascular disease and atherothrombotic adverse events. We sought to explore the association between lipoprotein subfractions, overall hemostasis, and coronary calcifications in individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk. Methods. Consecutive statin-naive individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk referred for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scanning were included. CACS was assessed using a 128-slice dual-source CT scanner. Traditional lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions 2 and 3, and small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) were measured with commercially available assays. Overall hemostatic (OHP) and coagulation potentials (OCP) were measured spectrophotometrically, using fibrin aggregation curves after exposure to thrombin and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, respectively. Overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP) was calculated as a difference between the two areas under curves. Results. We included 160 patients (median age 63 (interquartile range (IQR), 56-71 years, 52% women, and median CACS 8, IQR 0-173 Agatston units). HDL3 levels—but not sdLDL or hemostatic potentials—were significantly associated with CACS zero, even after adjusting for age, sex, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking history (OR 0.980 (0.962-0.999),
). HDL3 was also significantly associated with OCP (
,
adjusted for age and sex 0.037). Conclusions. In patients at intermediate cardiovascular risk, HDL3 is associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and overall coagulation. Our findings are in line with studies reporting on an inverse relationship between HDL3 and atherosclerosis and provide one possible mechanistic explanation for the association between novel lipid biomarkers and coagulation derangements.
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Surma S, Banach M. Fibrinogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases-Review of the Literature and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010193. [PMID: 35008616 PMCID: PMC8745133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, represent a significant cause of premature death worldwide. Biomarkers, the evaluation of which would allow the detection of ASCVD at the earliest stage of development, are intensively sought. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, a valuable biomarker should also enable the assessment of the patient’s prognosis. It has been known for many years that the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma increases, inter alia, in patients with ASCVD. On the one hand, an increased plasma fibrinogen concentration may be the cause of the development of atherosclerotic lesions (increased risk of atherothrombosis); on the other hand, it may be a biomarker of ASCVD, as it is an acute phase protein. In addition, a number of genetic polymorphisms and post-translational modifications of fibrinogen were demonstrated that may contribute to the risk of ASCVD. This review summarizes the current data on the importance of fibrinogen as a biomarker of ASCVD, and also presents the relationship between molecular modifications of this protein in the context of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-422-711-124
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Fibrin Clot Properties in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Outcomes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132999. [PMID: 34279484 PMCID: PMC8268932 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin is a major component of thrombi formed on the surface of atherosclerotic plaques. Fibrin accumulation as a consequence of local blood coagulation activation takes place inside atherosclerotic lesions and contributes to their growth. The imbalance between thrombin-mediated fibrin formation and fibrin degradation might enhance atherosclerosis in relation to inflammatory states reflected by increased fibrinogen concentrations, the key determinant of fibrin characteristics. There are large interindividual differences in fibrin clot structure and function measured in plasma-based assays and in purified fibrinogen-based systems. Several observational studies have demonstrated that subjects who tend to generate denser fibrin networks displaying impaired clot lysis are at an increased risk of developing advanced atherosclerosis and arterial thromboembolic events. Moreover, the majority of cardiovascular risk factors are also associated with unfavorably altered fibrin clot properties, with their improvement following effective therapy, in particular with aspirin, statins, and anticoagulant agents. The prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype has been reported to have a predictive value in terms of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute limb ischemia. This review article summarizes available data on the association of fibrin clot characteristics with atherosclerotic vascular disease and its potential practical implications.
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Patoulias D, Stavropoulos K, Imprialos K, Athyros V, Grassos H, Doumas M, Faselis C. Inflammatory Markers in Cardiovascular Disease; Lessons Learned and Future Perspectives. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:323-342. [PMID: 32188386 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200318104434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is now established that inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, and thus, it is closely linked to cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review is to summarize and critically appraise the most relevant evidence regarding the potential use of inflammatory markers in the field of CVD. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive research of the relevant literature, searching MEDLINE from its inception until November 2018, primarily for meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and observational studies. RESULTS Established markers of inflammation, mainly C-reactive protein, have yielded significant results both for primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Newer markers, such as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, cytokines, myeloperoxidase, cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and the CD40/CD40 ligand system, have been largely evaluated in human studies, enrolling both individuals from the general population and patients with established CVD. Some markers have yielded conflicting results; however, others are now recognized not only as promising biomarkers of CVD, but also as potential therapeutic targets, establishing the role of anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic drugs in CVD. CONCLUSION There is significant evidence regarding the role of consolidated and novel inflammatory markers in the field of diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. However, multimarker model assessment, validation of cut-off values and cost-effectiveness analyses are required in order for those markers to be integrated into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Patoulias
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Imprialos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michael Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charles Faselis
- VA Medical Center, and George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, United States
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Risk Factors for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:8816805. [PMID: 33763128 PMCID: PMC7964100 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common critical disease with a certain fatality rate. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), another critical ill condition, is a regular occurrence in the UGIB. We identified risk factors for ACS in UGIB. Methods 676 patients diagnosed with UGIB were enrolled retrospectively. We assessed the occurrence of ACS in UGIB patients and identified the risk factors for ACS by logistic regression analysis and random forest analysis. Results After propensity score matching (PSM), the ACS group (n = 69) and non-ACS group (n = 276) were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis showed that syncope (P = 0.001), coronary heart disease history (P = 0.001), Glasgow Blatchford score (P ≤ 0.001), Rockall risk score (P = 0.004), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (P ≤ 0.001), total bilirubin (TBil) (P = 0.046), fibrinogen (P ≤ 0.001), and hemoglobin (P = 0.001) had important roles in ACS patients. With Mean Decrease Gini (MDG) sequencing, fibrinogen, RDW, and hemoglobin were ranked the top three risk factors associated with ACS. In ROC analysis, fibrinogen (AUC = 0.841, 95% CI: 0.779-0.903) and RDW (AUC = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.769-0.883) obtained good discrimination performance. According to sensitivity > 80%, the pAUC of fibrinogen and RDW were 0.077 and 0.101, respectively, and there was no significant difference (P = 0.326). However, according to specificity > 80%, the pAUC of fibrinogen was higher than that of RDW (0.126 vs. 0.088, P = 0.018). Conclusion Fibrinogen and RDW were important risk factors for ACS in UGIB. Additionally, combination with coronary heart disease, syncope, hemoglobin, and TBil played important roles in the occurrence of ACS. Meanwhile, it was also noted that Rockall score and Glasgow Blatchford score should be performed to predict the risk.
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Body Mass Index (BMI) and Its Influence on the Cardiovascular and Operative Risk Profile in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: Impact of Inflammation and Leptin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5724024. [PMID: 32685095 PMCID: PMC7333063 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5724024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and worse outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. Adipose tissue itself is an endocrine organ that secretes many humoral mediators, such as adipokines, which can induce or reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Objectives We investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), inflammation, and oxidative stress by measuring serum levels of leptin, interleukin-6, and 3-nitrotyrosine in CABG patients and correlate their levels to the cardiovascular and operative risk profiles. Methods and Results 45 men (<75 years) with a median BMI of 29 (21-51) kg/m2, who were diagnosed with CAD and scheduled for elective CABG, were included after applying the following exclusion criteria: prior myocardial infarction, reoperation, female gender, and smoking. Patients' blood samples were taken preoperatively. Several markers were measured. We found significant correlations between leptin and BMI (p < 0.0001) as well as between leptin and 3-nitrotyrosine (p = 0.006). Interleukin-6 was correlated with C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001) and with the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (p = 0.036), arterial hypertension (p = 0.044), reduced left ventricular function (p = 0.003), and severe coronary calcification (p = 0.015). It was also associated with significantly longer extracorporeal bypass time (p = 0.009). Postoperative deep sternal wound infections could be predicted by a higher BMI (p = 0.003) and leptin level (p = 0.001). Conclusions There seems to be a correlation between inflammatory processes and cardiovascular morbidity in our cohort. Further, the incidence of deep sternal wound infections is related to a higher BMI and leptin serum level.
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Clinical association between pre-treatment levels of plasma fibrinogen and bone metastatic burden in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2684-2689. [PMID: 31725446 PMCID: PMC6940101 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the different treatments for low-volume metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) as well as high-volume ones, evaluation of bone metastatic status is clinically significant. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between pre-treatment plasma fibrinogen and the burden of bone metastasis in newly diagnosed PCa patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis, focusing on prostate biopsies of newly diagnosed PCa patients, was performed. A total of 261 patients were enrolled in this study in a 4-year period. All subjects were submitted to single-photon emission computerized tomography-computed tomography to confirm the status of bone metastasis and, if present, the number of metastatic lesions would then be calculated. Clinical information such as age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), fibrinogen, clinical T stage, and Gleason score were collected. Patients were divided into three groups: (i) a non-metastatic group, (ii) a high volume disease (HVD) group (>3 metastases with at least one lesion outside the spine), and (iii) a low volume disease (LVD) group (metastatic patients excluding HVD ones). The main statistical methods included non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and logistic regression. Results: Fibrinogen positively correlated with Gleason score (r = 0.180, P = 0.003), PSA levels (r = 0.216, P < 0.001), and number of metastatic lesions (r = 0.296, P < 0.001). Compared with the non-metastatic and LVD groups, the HVD group showed the highest PSA (104.98 ng/mL, median) and fibrinogen levels (3.39 g/L, median), as well as the largest proportion of Gleason score >7 (86.8%). Both univariate (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.536–3.038, P < 0.001) and multivariate (OR = 1.726, 95% CI: 1.206–2.472, P = 0.003) logistic regressions showed that fibrinogen was independently associated with HVD. The ROC curve suggested that fibrinogen acts as a predictor of HVD patients, yielding a cut-off of 3.08 g/L, with a sensitivity of 0.684 and a specificity of 0.760 (area under the curve = 0.739, 95% CI: 0.644–0.833, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Pre-treatment plasma fibrinogen is positively associated with bone metastatic burden in PCa patients. Our results indicate that fibrinogen might be a potential predictor of HVD.
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Cao YX, Zhou BY, Sun D, Li S, Guo YL, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Xu RX, Liu G, Dong Q, Li JJ. Differences in phenotype, genotype and cardiovascular events between patients with probable and definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Per Med 2019; 16:467-478. [PMID: 31691639 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigated the potential differences between probable and definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) patients diagnosed by Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Methods: Clinical characteristics, lipid profile, severity of coronary artery stenosis and gene mutations were compared. Kaplan-Meier curve was performed to evaluate the cardiovascular events. Results: Overall, 325 participants were included and divided into two groups: probable (n = 233) and definite HeFH (n = 92). Definite HeFH patients had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized-LDL and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 levels, and higher prevalence of tendon xanthomas. The incidence of genetic mutations was statistically higher in definite HeFH than probable HeFH patients. The coronary stenosis calculated by Gensini score was statistically severer in definite HeFH patients. The best LDL-C threshold for predicting mutations was 5.14 mmol/l. Definite HeFH had lower event-free survival rates. Conclusion: Definite HeFH patients had higher severity of phenotype and genotype, and higher risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xuan Cao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bing-Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
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Involvement of circulating inflammatory factors in prognosis and risk of cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Zhao Y, Yang J, Ji Y, Wang S, Wang T, Wang F, Tang J. Usefulness of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio to predict no-reflow and short-term prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1600-1607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Wang J, Jia L, Li X, Jin S, Li X, Liu F, Shan C, Zhang Y, Yang Y. New Insights into the Association between Fibrinogen and Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: An Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Study. Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 2019:8563717. [PMID: 31772619 PMCID: PMC6740041 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8563717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen levels have been associated with coronary plaque vulnerability in experimental studies. However, it has yet to be determined if serum fibrinogen levels are independently associated with coronary plaque vulnerability as detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who underwent coronary angiography and OCT in our department from January 2015 to August 2018 were included in this study. Coronary lesions were categorized as ruptured plaque, nonruptured with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), and nonruptured and non-TCFA. Presence of ruptured plaque and nonruptured with TCFA was considered to be vulnerable lesions. Determinants of coronary vulnerability were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 154 patients were included in this study; 17 patients had ruptured plaques, 15 had nonruptured plaques with TCFA, and 122 had nonruptured plaques with non-TCFA. Results of univariate analyses showed that being male, diabetes, current smoking, high body mass index (BMI), and clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were associated with coronary vulnerability. No significant differences were detected in patient characteristics, coronary angiographic findings, and OCT results between patients with higher and normal fibrinogen. Results of multivariate logistic analyses showed that diabetes and ACS were associated with TCFA, while diabetes, higher BMI, and ACS were associated with plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, higher BMI, and ACS are independently associated with coronary vulnerability as detected by OCT. Serum fibrinogen was not associated with coronary vulnerability in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Siyu Jin
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chunfang Shan
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
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Qi J, Pan W, Tan Y, Luo J, Fan D, Yu J, Wu J, Zhang M. Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108958-108969. [PMID: 29312582 PMCID: PMC5752495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shexiang Tongxin dropping pill (STDP) is a formulae of Chinese Medicine commonly used to treating angina pectoris in China. However, its mechanism of action is still yet unclear. This study investigated the roles of STDP on myocardial ischemia injury. We constructed a rat model of myocardial injury (isoproterenol subcutaneous injection, i.h, 85 mg/kg/day for 2 days), and compared among 4 groups: CON (control), ISO (ischemic injury model), MET (metoprolol), and STDP. Serum contents of Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (α-HBD), and Aspartate Aminotransferase were detected and five STDP doses (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 mg/kg/day) were chosen to obtain a dose-response curve. Western-blot was used to detect phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and camodulin kinase II (CamkII). Furthermore, an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, and a CamKII inhibitor, KN-93 were administered i.h. RESULTS cTnI, CK, CK-MB, α-HBD, and LDH were significantly lower in STDP than ISO (P<0.05). STDP exhibited a dose-dependent effect with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 42 mg/kg/day. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was enhanced in the STDP group (vs. ISO, P<0.05), while AKT and CamkII were not changed. Further, the protective effects of STDP were offset by PD98059 administration i.h. In conclusion, STDP protected against the ISO-induced myocardial ischemic injury via an ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which provided a mechanism to support clinical applications of STDP as treatment for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Qi
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Pan
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yafang Tan
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaru Luo
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Animal Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiashin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- AMI Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Intensive Care Research Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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