1
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Albadari N, Xie Y, Li W. Deciphering treatment resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer: roles of drug transports, EGFR mutations, and HGF/c-MET signaling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1340401. [PMID: 38269272 PMCID: PMC10806212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1340401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2023, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. At the time of the initial visit, 20% of patients diagnosed with CRC have metastatic CRC (mCRC), and another 25% who present with localized disease will later develop metastases. Despite the improvement in response rates with various modulation strategies such as chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of mCRC is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of 14%, and the primary reason for treatment failure is believed to be the development of resistance to therapies. Herein, we provide an overview of the main mechanisms of resistance in mCRC and specifically highlight the role of drug transports, EGFR, and HGF/c-MET signaling pathway in mediating mCRC resistance, as well as discuss recent therapeutic approaches to reverse resistance caused by drug transports and resistance to anti-EGFR blockade caused by mutations in EGFR and alteration in HGF/c-MET signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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2
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Analysis of KRAS Mutation Status Prediction Model for Colorectal Cancer Based on Medical Imaging. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2021:3953442. [PMID: 34976107 PMCID: PMC8716224 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3953442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study retrospectively included some patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed by histopathology, to explore the feasibility of CT medical image texture analysis in predicting KRAS gene mutations in patients with colorectal cancer. Before any surgical procedure, all patients received an enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, as well as genetic testing. To define patient groups, divide all patients into test and validation sets based on the order of patient enrollment. A radiologist took a look at the plain axial CT image of the tumor, as well as the portal vein CT image, at the corresponding level. The physician points the computer's cursor to the relevant area in the image, and TexRAD software programs together texture parameters based on various spatial scale factors, also known as total mean, total variance, statistical entropy, overall total average, mean total, positive mean, skewness value, kurtosis value, and general skewness. Using the same method again two weeks later, the observer and another physician measured the image of each patient again to see if the method was consistent between observers. With regard to clinical information, the KRAS gene mutation group and the wild group of participants in the test set and validation set each had values for the texture parameter. In a study of patients with colorectal cancer, the results demonstrated that CT texture parameters were correlated with the presence of the KRAS gene mutation. The best CT prediction model includes the values of the medium texture image's slope and the other CT fine texture image's value of entropy, the medium texture image's slope and kurtosis, and the medium texture image's mean and the other CT fine texture image's value of entropy. Regardless of the training set or the validation set, patients with and without KRAS gene mutations did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics. This method can be used to identify mutations in the KRAS gene in patients with colorectal cancer, making it practical to implement CT medical image texture analysis technology for that purpose.
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3
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Sur D, Havasi A, Gorzo A, Burz C. A Critical Review of Second-Generation Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1034-1042. [PMID: 32718285 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a relevant solution for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Current anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies face a series of problems, including resistance and non-durable response, and RAS and BRAF mutations serve as exclusion criteria for treatment with anti-EGFR mAbs. Advances in molecular tumor profiling and information on subsequent pathways responsible for disease progression and drug resistance helped develop a new generation of anti-EGFR mAbs. These second-generation mAbs have been developed to overcome existing resistance mechanisms and to limit common side effects. For the moment, existing literature suggests that these novel anti-EGFR mAbs are far from finding their way to clinical practice soon. OBJECTIVE In this review, we summarize and evaluate current data regarding ongoing research and completed clinical trials for different second-generation anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION Anti-EGFR mAbs exhibit efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer, but second-generation mAbs failed to prove their benefit in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding the biological basis of primary and acquired drug resistance could allow scientists to design better clinical trials and develop improved second-generation mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj- Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alecsandra Gorzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Burz
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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4
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Huang D, Lu T, Du X, Xi X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang H, Sun F. Lattice complex assembled by noncompetitive anti-EGFR antibodies regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:129. [PMID: 32336949 PMCID: PMC7171787 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence of clinical trials highlights that the combination of two noncompetitive anti-EGFR antibodies can benefit patients with several cancers. Previous studies propose that a lattice complex assembled by antibodies and EGFR down-regulates surface EGFR by rapid internalization of the complex. However, there remains a paucity of evidence and understanding on the existence of a lattice complex on cell surface and its cellular processes of internalization. Methods Herein, we used three dimensions structured illumination microscopy to directly observe the actual morphology of the lattice complex formed on Hela cell membrane after noncompetitive anti-EGFR antibody combinations, and we explored the internalized mechanism of noncompetitive antibody combinations by constructing a PIP2 consumption system. Result We observed the lattice complex (length > 1 μm) on the surface of living cell after preincubation with Cetuximab and H11, but combination of Cetuximab and single domain antibody 7D12 fails to assemble the lattice, these results demonstrates the importance of symmetrical structure of conventional antibody for lattice formation. Interestingly, the lattice complex assembles along with cytoskeletal fibers, and its internalization recruits a large amount of PIP2 and triggers the rearrangement of F-actin. Conclusions The above data suggests that large-size lattice complex affects membrane fluidity and dynamic reorganization of cytoskeletal, which may be responsible for its rapid internalization. These new insight will aid in current rational combination design of anti-EGFR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshuai Huang
- 1Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- 1Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Du
- 1Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xi
- 1Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Changchun Intellicrown Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.1688 Jichang Road, Changchun, 130507 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xitian Zhang
- Changchun Intellicrown Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No.1688 Jichang Road, Changchun, 130507 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaoyou Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Gaoyou People's Hospital, No.116 Fuqian Street, Gaoyou, 225600 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- 1Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
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5
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Huang D, Fan Q, Liu Z, Zhang S, Huang W, Li H, Liang C, Sun F. An Epitope on EGFR Loading Catastrophic Internalization Serve as a Novel Oncotarget for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E456. [PMID: 32079107 PMCID: PMC7072198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is unknown and EGFR inhibitors have not achieved positive clinical results. The rapid and drastic internalization of EGFR has been proved to successfully treat EGFR inhibitor-resistant patients in recent clinical trials. Here, the anti-tumor efficacy of a protein (rLZ-8) from Ganoderma lucidum was evaluated, it was demonstrated that rLZ-8 could bind to EGFR specifically, drastically enter into Hepatoma cells, abrogate endosomal recycling and induce HCC cell death. Surprisingly, we screened a monoclonal antibody which possesses competitive binding site with rLZ-8, it also trigger catastrophic EGFR internalization. This result suggests that it is necessary to investigate the interface of EGFR and rLZ-8 complex. An internalization related epitope (S222/K269) was identified on the dimerization arm of EGFR extracellular domain (ECD). These results suggest vulnerability of HCC cells to catastrophic EGFR internalization that can be targeted by a novel epitope and point to the possible exploitation in the design of anti-EGFR therapeutic biologics for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshuai Huang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Qingjie Fan
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China;
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongrui Li
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; (D.H.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (W.H.); (H.L.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China;
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6
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Napolitano S, Matrone N, Muddassir AL, Martini G, Sorokin A, De Falco V, Giunta EF, Ciardiello D, Martinelli E, Belli V, Furia M, Kopetz S, Morgillo F, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. Triple blockade of EGFR, MEK and PD-L1 has antitumor activity in colorectal cancer models with constitutive activation of MAPK signaling and PD-L1 overexpression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:492. [PMID: 31842958 PMCID: PMC6915948 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms driving acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are complex but generally involve the activation of the downstream RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK pathway. Nevertheless, even if inhibition of EGFR and MEK could be a strategy for overcoming anti-EGFR resistance, its use is limited by the development of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) resistance. METHODS We have generated in vitro and in vivo different CRC models in order to underline the mechanisms of MEKi resistance. RESULTS The three different in vitro MEKi resistant models, two generated by human CRC cells quadruple wild type for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA genes (SW48-MR and LIM1215-MR) and one by human CRC cells harboring KRAS mutation (HCT116-MR) showed features related to the gene signature of colorectal cancer CMS4 with up-regulation of immune pathway as confirmed by microarray and western blot analysis. In particular, the MEKi phenotype was associated with the loss of epithelial features and acquisition of mesenchymal markers and morphology. The change in morphology was accompanied by up-regulation of PD-L1 expression and activation of EGFR and its downstream pathway, independently to RAS mutation status. To extend these in vitro findings, we have obtained mouse colon cancer MC38- and CT26-MEKi resistant syngeneic models (MC38-MR and CT26-MR). Combined treatment with MEKi, EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) and PD-L1 inhibitor (PD-L1i) resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor growth in both models. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a strategy to potentially improve the efficacy of MEK inhibition by co-treatment with EGFR and PD-L1 inhibitors via modulation of host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Napolitano
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicin0065, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - N Matrone
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy.,Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - A L Muddassir
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicin0065, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - G Martini
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy.,Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Gastrointestinal and neuroendocrine tumor group, C/Natzaret 115-117, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicin0065, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - V De Falco
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - E F Giunta
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - D Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - E Martinelli
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - V Belli
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - M Furia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - S Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicin0065, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - F Morgillo
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - F Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - T Troiani
- Medical Oncology Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Russo R, Matrone N, Belli V, Ciardiello D, Valletta M, Esposito S, Pedone PV, Ciardiello F, Troiani T, Chambery A. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Molecular Determinant of the Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab Resistance in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101430. [PMID: 31557914 PMCID: PMC6826402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical impact of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab targeting the EGFR in colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely recognized. Nevertheless, the onset of cetuximab resistance is a serious issue that limits the effectiveness of this drug in targeted therapies. Unraveling the molecular players involved in cancer resistance is the first step towards the identification of alternative signaling pathways that can be targeted to circumvent resistance mechanisms restoring the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in a tailored manner. Methods: By applying a nanoLC-MS/MS TMT isobaric labeling-based approach, we have delineated a molecular hallmark of cetuximab-resistance in CRC. Results: We identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a molecular determinant capable of triggering cancer resistance in sensitive human CRC cells. Blocking the MIF axis in resistant cells by a selective MIF inhibitor restores cell sensitivity to cetuximab. The combined treatment with cetuximab and the MIF inhibitor further enhanced cell growth inhibition in CRC resistant cell lines with a synergistic effect depending on inhibition of key downstream effectors of the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Conclusions: Collectively, our results suggest the association of MIF signaling and its dysregulation to cetuximab drug resistance, paving the way to the development of personalized combination therapies targeting the MIF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Matrone
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Belli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Valletta
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Esposito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vincenzo Pedone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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8
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Belli V, Matrone N, Napolitano S, Migliardi G, Cottino F, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Martinelli E, Morgillo F, Ciardiello D, De Falco V, Giunta EF, Bracale U, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. Combined blockade of MEK and PI3KCA as an effective antitumor strategy in HER2 gene amplified human colorectal cancer models. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:236. [PMID: 31164152 PMCID: PMC6549349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) either alone or in combination with chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small percentage of mCRC patients receive clinical benefits from anti-EGFR therapies, due to the development of resistance mechanisms. In this regard, HER2 has emerged as an actionable target in the treatment of mCRC patients with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. METHODS We have used SW48 and LIM1215 human colon cancer cell lines, quadruple wild-type for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PI3KCA genes, and their HER2-amplified (LIM1215-HER2 and SW48-HER2) derived cells to perform in vitro and in vivo studies in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies in HER2 gene amplified human colorectal cancer. RESULTS LIM1215-HER2 and SW48-HER2 cells showed over-expression and activation of the HER family receptors and concomitant intracellular downstream signaling including the pro-survival PI3KCA/AKT and the mitogenic RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathways. HER2-amplified cells were treated with several agents including anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab, SYM004 and MM151); anti-HER2 (trastuzumab, pertuzumab and lapatinib) inhibitors; anti-HER3 (duligotuzumab) inhibitors; and MEK and PI3KCA inhibitors, such as refametinib and pictilisib, as single agents and in combination. Subsequently, different in vivo experiments have been performed. MEK plus PI3KCA inhibitors treatment determined the best antitumor activity. These results were validated in vivo in HER2-amplified patient derived tumor xenografts from three metastatic colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that combined therapy with MEK and PI3KCA inhibitors could represent a novel and effective treatment option for HER2-amplified colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Belli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Matrone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Giorgia Migliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Cottino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute – FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Bracale
- Department of Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and Endoscopic Surgery, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Tintelnot J, Baum N, Schultheiß C, Braig F, Trentmann M, Finter J, Fumey W, Bannas P, Fehse B, Riecken K, Schuetze K, Bokemeyer C, Rösner T, Valerius T, Peipp M, Koch-Nolte F, Binder M. Nanobody Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Ectodomain Variants Overcomes Resistance to Therapeutic EGFR Antibodies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:823-833. [PMID: 30824613 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ectodomain variants mediating primary resistance or secondary treatment failure in cancer patients treated with cetuximab or panitumumab support the need for more resistance-preventive or personalized ways of targeting this essential pathway. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the EGFR nanobody 7D12 fused to an IgG1 Fc portion (7D12-hcAb) would overcome EGFR ectodomain-mediated resistance because it targets a very small binding epitope within domain III of EGFR. Indeed, we found that 7D12-hcAb bound and inhibited all tested cell lines expressing common resistance-mediating EGFR ectodomain variants. Moreover, we assessed receptor functionality and binding properties in synthetic mutants of the 7D12-hcAb epitope to model resistance to 7D12-hcAb. Because the 7D12-hcAb epitope almost completely overlaps with the EGF-binding site, only position R377 could be mutated without simultaneous loss of receptor functionality, suggesting a low risk of developing secondary resistance toward 7D12-hcAb. Our binding data indicated that if 7D12-hcAb resistance mutations occurred in position R377, which is located within the cetuximab and panitumumab epitope, cells expressing these receptor variants would retain sensitivity to these antibodies. However, 7D12-hcAb was equally ineffective as cetuximab in killing cells expressing the cetuximab/panitumumab-resistant aberrantly N-glycosylated EGFR R521K variant. Yet, this resistance could be overcome by introducing mutations into the Fc portion of 7D12-hcAb, which enhanced immune effector functions and thereby allowed killing of cells expressing this variant. Taken together, our data demonstrate a broad range of activity of 7D12-hcAb across cells expressing different EGFR variants involved in primary and secondary EGFR antibody resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Baum
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Trentmann
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Finter
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Obstetrics and Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Fumey
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schuetze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thies Rösner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine ll, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Wong OK, Tran TT, Ho WH, Casas MG, Au M, Bateman M, Lindquist KC, Rajpal A, Shelton DL, Strop P, Liu SH. RN765C, a low affinity EGFR antibody drug conjugate with potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical solid tumor models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33446-33458. [PMID: 30323890 PMCID: PMC6173368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a clinically validated target and often overexpressed in some solid tumors. Both EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ligand-blocking antibodies have been approved for treatment of NSCLC, head and neck cancers and colorectal cancers. However, clinical response is limited and often accompanied by significant toxicities due to normal tissue expression. To improve the effectiveness of targeting EGFR while minimizing the toxicities on normal tissues, we developed a low-affinity anti-EGFR antibody drug conjugate (ADC), RN765C. Potent in vitro cytotoxicity of RN765C, with nanomolar to subnanomolar EC50, was observed on a panel of cancer cell lines expressing moderate to high level of EGFR. In contrast, RN765C was less effective in killing normal human keratinocytes, presumably due to its lower receptor expression. Mechanistically, RN765C has multiple modes of action: inducing payload mediated mitotic arrest and cell death, blocking EGFR pathway signal and mediating antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. In preclinical studies, a single dose of RN765C at 1.5-3 mg/kg was generally sufficient to induce tumor regression in multiple cell line and patient-derived xenograft models, including those that are resistant to EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our data support further investigation of RN765C in the clinic to treat EGFR expressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Kwan Wong
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Hsien Ho
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Alector Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meritxell Galindo Casas
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,acib GmbH Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melinda Au
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie Bateman
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin C Lindquist
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - David L Shelton
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Strop
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Oncology R&D, Cancer Immunology Discovery Unit, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Abmart Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
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11
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Napolitano S, Ciardiello F. Novel In Vitro Cancer Models for Optimizing Anti-EGFR Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:727-729. [PMID: 29222163 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models, which are able to recapitulate the biology and pathology of the original individual cancer, are needed to better investigate mechanisms of response and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this respect, novel in vitro models for metastatic colorectal cancer could be of high value. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 727-9. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Luraghi et al., p. 807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Internistica Cinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi," Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Dipartimento di Internistica Cinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi," Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy.
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12
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Hirabayashi F, Iwanaga K, Okinaga T, Takahashi O, Ariyoshi W, Suzuki R, Sugii M, Maruyama K, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted sonoporation with microbubbles enhances therapeutic efficacy in a squamous cell carcinoma model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185293. [PMID: 28938010 PMCID: PMC5609770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation is a drug and gene delivery system using ultrasonication that allows the intracellular delivery of foreign molecules that cannot enter cells under normal conditions. We previously reported that sonoporation with microbubbles (MBs) could achieve effective intracellular drug delivery to human gingival squamous carcinoma Ca9-22 cells. In this study, we developed anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody-conjugated MBs (EGFR-MBs) and evaluated their capacity to enhance anti-cancer drug toxicity in vitro and in vivo. We first assessed the effect of sonoporation with EGFR-MBs on Ca9-22 cells by the WST-8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechst's staining in vitro. Sonoporation and EGFR-MB had a strong cytotoxic effect on Ca9-22 cells with low-dose bleomycin. Furthermore, bleomycin delivery using sonoporation with EGFR-MBs remarkably increased the number of apoptotic cells. We next examined the effect of EGFR-MBs in a murine squamous cell carcinoma model. Bleomycin delivery by sonoporation with EGFR-MBs exhibited remarkable antitumor activity. Together, our results show that EGFR-MBs and ultrasound treatment increases the efficacy and specificity of intracellular drug uptake, suggesting this could be a novel drug-targeting modality for oral squamous cell carcinoma chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Hirabayashi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Iwanaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sugii
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Science of Physical Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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