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Ioka T, Shindo Y, Ueno M, Nagano H. Current progress in perioperative chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2023; 7:565-571. [PMID: 37416744 PMCID: PMC10319609 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTCs) is a heterogeneous malignancy divided into cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampullary cancer. Due to little or no symptoms, most patients with BTCs are diagnosed with unresectable or metastatic disease. Only 20%-30% of all BTCs are suitable for potentially resectable diseases. Although radical resection with a negative surgical margin is the only potentially curative method for BTCs, most patients develop postoperative recurrence, which is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, perioperative treatment is necessary to improve survival. There are very few randomized phase III clinical trials of perioperative chemotherapy due to the relative rarity of BTCs. Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for patients with resected BTC significantly increased overall survival compared with upfront surgery in a recent ASCOT trial. In East Asia, S-1 is currently considered the standard adjuvant chemotherapy, while capecitabine may still be used in other areas. Since then, our phase III trial (KHBO1401), gemcitabine and cisplatin plus S-1 (GCS) has become the standard chemotherapy for advanced BTCs. GCS not only improved overall survival but demonstrated a high response rate. The efficacy of GCS as a preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable BTCs has been investigated in a randomized phase III trial (JCOG1920) in Japan. In this review, we summarize the current and ongoing clinical trials focusing on adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ioka
- Department of Oncology CenterYamaguchi University HospitalUbeJapan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology DivisionKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine SurgeryYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
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Bhatia A, Upadhyay AK, Sharma S. miRNAs are now starring in "No Time to Die: Overcoming the chemoresistance in cancer". IUBMB Life 2023; 75:238-256. [PMID: 35678612 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with about 19.3 million new cases reported each year. Current therapies for cancer management include-chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, they are loaded with side effects and tend to cause toxicity in the patient's body posttreatment, ultimately hindering the response towards the treatment building up resistance. This is where noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs help provide us with a helping hand for taming the chemoresistance and providing potential holistic cancer management. MicroRNAs are promising targets for anticancer therapy as they perform critical regulatory roles in various signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Combining miRNAs and anticancer drugs and devising a combination therapy has managed cancer well in various independent studies. This review aims to provide insights into how miRNAs play a mechanistic role in cancer development and progression and regulate drug resistance in various types of cancers. Furthermore, next-generation novel therapies using miRNAs in combination with anticancer treatments in multiple cancers have been put forth and how they improve the efficacy of the treatments. Exemplary studies currently in the preclinical and clinical models have been summarized. Ultimately, we briefly talk through the challenges that come forward with it and minimize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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RRM1 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker for Unresectable or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204652. [PMID: 34682775 PMCID: PMC8538709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) is regarded as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). Several proteins including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1 (RRM1) are known to be involved in gemcitabine uptake and metabolism. This study was aimed to identify the predictive and prognostic values of these biomarkers in patients who treated with GP for advanced BTC. Tumor samples were obtained from 34 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who were treated with GP between August 2015 and February 2018. Intratumoral expression of hENT1, DCK, CDA and RRM1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for association with chemotherapy response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Median OS was significantly longer in the RRM1-negative group than in the RRM1-positive (9.9 months vs. 5.9 months, p = 0.037). Multivariate adjustment analyses also demonstrated RRM1 expression as an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients treated with GP chemotherapy. Increased intratumoral expression of RRM1 on immunohistochemical staining may be a biomarker predicting poor survival in patients with GP chemotherapy for advanced BTC. Large-scale well-predefined prospective research is needed to validate the utility of biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Potential role of CMPK1, SLC29A1, and TLE4 polymorphisms in gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients: pharmacogenetic study results from the prospective randomized phase II study of eribulin plus gemcitabine versus paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (KCSG-BR-13-11). ESMO Open 2021; 6:100236. [PMID: 34438242 PMCID: PMC8390551 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms of 23 genes associated with gemcitabine metabolism and the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine in breast cancer patients. Patients and methods This prospective, pharmacogenetic study was conducted in cooperation with a phase II clinical trial. A total of 103 genetic polymorphisms of the 23 genes involved in gemcitabine transport and metabolism were selected for genotyping. The associations of genetic polymorphisms with overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and 6-month PFS were analyzed. Results A total of 91 breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. In terms of 6-month PFS, rs1044457 in CMPK1 was the most significant genetic polymorphism [55.9% for CT and TT and 78.9% for CC, P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 4.444, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.905-10.363]. For the rs693955 in SLC29A1, the median duration of PFS was 5.4 months for AA and 10.5 months for CA and CC (P = 0.002, HR: 3.704, 95% CI: 1.615-8.497). For the rs2807312 in TLE4, the median duration of PFS was 5.7 months for TT and 10.4 months for CT and CC (P = 0.005, HR: 4.948, 95% CI: 1.612-15.190). In survival analysis with a multi-gene model, the TT genotype of rs2807312 had the worst PFS regardless of other genetic polymorphisms, whereas the CA genotype of rs693955 or the CT genotype of rs2807312 without the AA genotype of rs693955 had the best PFS compared with those of other genetic groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms of rs1044457 in CMPK1, rs693955 in SLC29A1, and rs2807312 in TLE4 were significantly associated with the 6-month PFS rate and/or the duration of PFS. Further studies with a larger sample size and expression study would be helpful to validate the association of genetic polymorphisms and clinical efficacy of gemcitabine. This is the largest pharmacogenetic study of gemcitabine-based breast cancer treatment in a prospective clinical trial. Several genetic polymorphisms in CMPK1, SLC29A1, and TLE4 were associated with 6-month PFS rate and the duration of PFS. The result of this study may contribute to the personalized treatment of breast cancer.
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Yamamoto M, Sanomachi T, Suzuki S, Uchida H, Yonezawa H, Higa N, Takajo T, Yamada Y, Sugai A, Togashi K, Seino S, Okada M, Sonoda Y, Hirano H, Yoshimoto K, Kitanaka C. Roles for hENT1 and dCK in gemcitabine sensitivity and malignancy of meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:945-954. [PMID: 33556172 PMCID: PMC8168817 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-grade meningiomas are aggressive tumors with high morbidity and mortality rates that frequently recur even after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. However, limited information is currently available on the biology of these tumors, and no alternative adjuvant treatment options exist. Although we previously demonstrated that high-grade meningioma cells were highly sensitive to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Methods We examined the roles of hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1) and dCK (deoxycytidine kinase) in the gemcitabine sensitivity and growth of meningioma cells in vitro. Tissue samples from meningiomas (26 WHO grade I and 21 WHO grade II/III meningiomas) were immunohistochemically analyzed for hENT1 and dCK as well as for Ki-67 as a marker of proliferative activity. Results hENT1 and dCK, which play critical roles in the intracellular transport and activation of gemcitabine, respectively, were responsible for the high gemcitabine sensitivity of high-grade meningioma cells and were strongly expressed in high-grade meningiomas. hENT1 expression was required for the proliferation and survival of high-grade meningioma cells and dCK expression. Furthermore, high hENT1 and dCK expression levels correlated with stronger tumor cell proliferative activity and shorter survival in meningioma patients. Conclusions The present results suggest that hENT1 is a key molecular factor influencing the growth capacity and gemcitabine sensitivity of meningioma cells and also that hENT1, together with dCK, may be a viable prognostic marker for meningioma patients as well as a predictive marker of their responses to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamamoto
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sanomachi
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shuhei Suzuki
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Yonezawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nayuta Higa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takajo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Asuka Sugai
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keita Togashi
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shizuka Seino
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Departments of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Piquemal D, Noguier F, Pierrat F, Bruno R, Cros J. Predictive Values of Blood-Based RNA Signatures for the Gemcitabine Response in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113204. [PMID: 33143297 PMCID: PMC7692046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to be the second cause of cancer death by 2022. For nearly 80% of patients, diagnosis occurs at an advanced, nonsurgical stage, making such patients incurable. Gemcitabine is still an important component in PDAC treatment and is most often used as a backbone to test new targeted therapies and there is, to date, no routine biomarker to predict its efficacy. Samples from a phase III randomized trial were used to develop through a large approach based on blood-based liquid biopsy, transcriptome profiling, and machine learning, a nine gene predictive signature for gemcitabine sensitivity. Patients with a positive test (41.6%) had a significantly longer progression free survival (PFS) (3.8 months vs. 1.9 months p = 0.03) and a longer overall survival (OS) (14.5 months vs. 5.1, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, this signature was independently associated with PFS (HR = 0.5 (0.28-0.9) p = 0.025) and OS (HR = 0.39 (0.21-0.7) p = 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Piquemal
- Acobiom, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (F.N.); (F.P.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-419-743
| | - Florian Noguier
- Acobiom, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (F.N.); (F.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Fabien Pierrat
- Acobiom, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (F.N.); (F.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Roman Bruno
- Acobiom, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34790 Grabels, France; (F.N.); (F.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Jerome Cros
- Department of Pathology, Beaujon Hospital-Université de Paris–INSERM U1149, 92110 Clichy, France;
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Belkouz A, Wilmink JW, Haj Mohammad N, Hagendoorn J, de Vos-Geelen J, Dejong CHC, Homs MYV, Groot Koerkamp B, van Gulik TM, van Oijen MGH, Punt CJA, Klümpen H. Advances in adjuvant therapy of biliary tract cancer: an overview of current clinical evidence based on phase II and III trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 151:102975. [PMID: 32464483 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) have a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection. To reduce the risk of recurrence and to improve survival, several chemotherapeutic agents that have shown to be active in locally advanced and metastatic BTC have been investigated in the adjuvant setting in prospective clinical trials. Based on the results of the BILCAP phase III trial, capecitabine was adapted as the standard of care by the ASCO clinical practice guideline. Ongoing randomized controlled trials mainly compare capecitabine with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. This review provides an update of adjuvant therapy in BTC based on published data of phase II and III trials and ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belkouz
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J W Wilmink
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Haj Mohammad
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center/RAKU, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Hagendoorn
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center/RAKU, Dept. of Surgery, Utrecht University, Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J de Vos-Geelen
- Maastricht UMC+, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Dept. Internal Medicine, Div. of of Medical Oncology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C H C Dejong
- Department of Surgery and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands and Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Y V Homs
- Erasmus MC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - T M van Gulik
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M G H van Oijen
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C J A Punt
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Klümpen
- Amsterdam UMC, Dept. of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Vos LJ, Yusuf D, Lui A, Abdelaziz Z, Ghosh S, Spratlin JL, Mackey JR. Predictive and Prognostic Properties of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 Expression in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatobiliary Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-22. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gemcitabine, the primary drug for the treatment of pancreatobiliary cancer (PBC), requires human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) to enter cells. High tumoral hENT1 expression has been linked with improved survival among patients with PBC treated with gemcitabine; however, this finding has been inconsistent, and studies used different expression assays. Methods Databases were reviewed for studies that examined hENT1 and clinical outcome in PBC. Of 307 publications, 34 studies were found that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) with one of eight anti–hENT1 antibody assays. Five studies were excluded for redundancy, and 29 studies underwent detailed review. Results On average, 51% of tumor samples had high hENT1 expression (range, 7% to 92%). Among studies that examined hENT1 expression and overall survival (OS), 58% (15 of 26 studies) showed an association between high tumoral hENT1 and improved OS for gemcitabine-treated patients. Among 10D7G2 antibody studies, 88% (seven of eight studies) demonstrated this association. Studies with other antibodies—in particular, SP120 (two of nine studies)—were less consistent. The ability to detect an association between improved OS and high hENT1 was antibody dependent (χ2 P = .0237). An association between high tumoral hENT1 expression and improved disease-free/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) was demonstrated in 71% of studies (15 of 21 studies). Pooled hazard ratio (HR) analyses of all antibody studies demonstrated a link between high hENT1 tumor expression and improved OS (HR, 0.674; 95% CI, 0.509 to 0.893; P = .006) and DFS/PFS (HR, 0.740; 95% CI, 0.517 to 0.1.059; P = .10). This signal was stronger among studies that used the 10D7G2 antibody in comparison to those in which another antibody was used, with HRs of 0.488 (95% CI, 0.396 to 0.602; P < .001) and 0.410 (95% CI, 0.280 to 0.599; P < .001), respectively. Conclusion High tumoral hENT1 expression on IHC with 10D7G2 is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker for improved outcome among gemcitabine-treated patients with PBC.
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Prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers of chemotherapy efficacy in biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Significance of serum ferritin as a prognostic factor in advanced hepatobiliary cancer patients treated with Korean medicine: a retrospective cohort study. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:176. [PMID: 29879960 PMCID: PMC5992645 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Advanced hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that require precise prediction in clinical practice. Serum ferritin level increases in malignancy and high serum ferritin level is associated with poor survival in various cancers. This study aimed to identify whether serum ferritin could independently predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers. Methods The retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing medical records of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers from June 2006 to September 2016. The demographic and clinicopathological characteristics as well as the biochemical markers were evaluated at the initiation of Korean medicine (KM) treatment. The OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the independent prognostic significance of serum ferritin for survival. Results The median OS of all subjects was 5.1 months (range, 0.5–114.9 months). The median OS of group with low ferritin levels and that with high ferritin levels was 7.5 months (range, 0.7–114.9 months) and 2.8 months (range, 0.5–22.8 months), respectively (P < 0.001). The results of the univariate analysis showed that the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) (P = 0.002), tumor type (P = 0.001), prior treatment (P = 0.023), serum ferritin (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (P = 0.002), total bilirubin (P = 0.002), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P = 0.007), albumin (P = 0.013), white blood cell (P = 0.002), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) were significant factors for the patients’ survival outcome. On multivariate analysis controlling confounding factors, ferritin (P = 0.041), CRP (P = 0.010), ECOG-PS (P = 0.010), and tumor type (P = 0.018) were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions These results indicate that serum ferritin is a valid clinical biochemical marker to predict survival of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers.
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Sarkar BK, Lee SS. The novel strategies for next-generation cancer treatment: miRNA combined with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:10164-10174. [PMID: 29515800 PMCID: PMC5839381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical practitioners are recommending combination therapy in cancer for its various advantages. Combination therapy increases the efficacy of treatment due to its synergistic effects in cancer treatment. In this post-genomic era, microRNAs (miRNAs) are receiving attention for their role in human disease and disease therapy. In this review, we discuss the combination of miRNAs and chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. Moreover, we attempted to portray the role of miRNAs in cancer therapy; outline combination therapy, especially chemo-combination therapy, and discuss the basis for miRNA-based chemo-combination therapies and chemo-combination therapy with miRNA for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bimal Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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