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Kamal S, Babar S, Ali W, Rehman K, Hussain A, Akash MSH. Sirtuin insights: bridging the gap between cellular processes and therapeutic applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9. [PMID: 38976046 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenges that organisms face today are effective responses or detection of life-threatening environmental changes due to an obvious semblance of stress and metabolic fluctuations. These are associated with different pathological conditions among which cancer is most important. Sirtuins (SIRTs; NAD+-dependent enzymes) are versatile enzymes with diverse substrate preferences, cellular locations, crucial for cellular processes and pathological conditions. This article describes in detail the distinct roles of SIRT isoforms, unveiling their potential as either cancer promoters or suppressors and also explores how both natural and synthetic compounds influence the SIRT function, indicating promise for therapeutic applications. We also discussed the inhibitors/activators tailored to specific SIRTs, holding potential for diseases lacking effective treatments. It may uncover the lesser-studied SIRT isoforms (e.g., SIRT6, SIRT7) and their unique functions. This article also offers a comprehensive overview of SIRTs, linking them to a spectrum of diseases and highlighting their potential for targeted therapies, combination approaches, disease management, and personalized medicine. We aim to contribute to a transformative era in healthcare and innovative treatments by unraveling the intricate functions of SIRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sharon Babar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Paula Ceballos M, Darío Quiroga A, Palma NF. Role of sirtuins in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and multidrug resistance: Mechanistical and pharmacological perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115573. [PMID: 37127248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Therapeutic strategies are still challenging due to the high relapse rate after surgery and multidrug resistance (MDR). It is essential to better understand the mechanisms for HCC progression and MDR for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of seven members, are related to tumor progression, MDR and prognosis and were proposed as potential prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets for treating cancer. SIRT1 is the most studied member and is overexpressed in HCC, playing an oncogenic role and predicting poor prognosis. Several manuscripts describe the role of SIRTs2-7 in HCC; most of them report an oncogenic role for SIRT2 and -7 and a suppressive role for SIRT3 and -4. The scenario is more confusing for SIRT5 and -6, since information is contradictory and scarce. For SIRT1 many inhibitors are available and they seem to hold therapeutic promise in HCC. For the other members the development of specific modulators has just started. This review is aimed to describe the features of SIRTs1-7 in HCC, and the role they play in the onset and progression of the disease. Also, when possible, we will depict the information related to the SIRTs modulators that have been tested in HCC and their possible implication in MDR. With this, we hope to clarify the role of each member in HCC and to shed some light on the most successful strategies to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Ceballos
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Darío Quiroga
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS) Sede Regional Rosario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. Pellegrini 1618 (S2000BUG), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Francisco Palma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, CONICET, UNR, Suipacha 70 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina; Área Morfología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Suipachs 570 (S2002LRL), Rosario, Argentina
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3
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Xu J, Shi S, Liu G, Xie X, Li J, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Zhang W, Shi PY, Liu H, Zhou J. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluations of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-based derivatives as potent and selective sirt6 activators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114998. [PMID: 36508969 PMCID: PMC9805530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirt6 activation has emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of various human diseases, while only limited Sirt6 activators have been reported. Herein, a series of novel pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-based derivatives have been identified as potent and selective Sirt6 activators with low cytotoxicity. Sirt6-knockdown findings have validated the on-target effects of this class of Sirt6 activators. Docking studies indicate the protonated nitrogen on the side chain of 38 forms π-cation interactions with Trp188, further stabilizing it into this extended binding pocket. New compounds 35, 36, 38, 46, 47, and 50 strongly repressed LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, while 38 also significantly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection with an EC50 value of 9.3 μM. Moreover, compound 36 significantly inhibited the colony formation of cancer cells. These new molecules may serve as useful pharmacological tools or potential therapeutics against cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shuizhen Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Chun KH. Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways of microRNA-122 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071380. [PMID: 35890276 PMCID: PMC9316959 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading global causes of cancer mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small interfering RNAs that alleviate the levels of protein expression by suppressing translation, inducing mRNA cleavage, and promoting mRNA degradation. miR-122 is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and is responsible for several liver-specific functions, including metabolism, cellular growth and differentiation, and hepatitis virus replication. Recent studies have shown that aberrant regulation of miR-122 is a key factor contributing to the development of HCC. In this review, the signaling pathways and the molecular targets of miR-122 involved in the progression of HCC have been summarized, and the importance of miR-122 in therapy has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Bandopadhyay S, Prasad P, Ray U, Das Ghosh D, Roy SS. SIRT6 promotes mitochondrial fission and subsequent cellular invasion in ovarian cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1657-1676. [PMID: 35686673 PMCID: PMC9433826 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in terms of cancer mortality in women due to lack of early diagnosis and poor clinical management. Characteristics like high cellular proliferation, EMT and metabolic alterations contribute to oncogenicity. Cancer, being a "metabolic disorder," is governed by various key regulatory factors like metabolic enzymes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressors. Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) belong to the group of NAD+ deacetylase and ADP-ribosylation enzymes that function as NAD+ sensors and metabolic regulators. Among sirtuin orthologs, SIRT6 emerges as an important oncogenic player, although its possible mechanistic involvement in ovarian cancer advancement is still elusive. Our data indicated a higher expression of SIRT6 in ovarian cancer tissues compared with the non-malignant ovarian tissue. Further, we observed that overexpression of SIRT6 enhances glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in ovarian cancer cells. The energy derived from these processes facilitates migration and invasion through invadopodia formation by reorganization of actin fibers. Mechanistically, SIRT6 has been shown to promote ERK1/2-driven activatory phosphorylation of DRP1 at serine-616, which has an obligatory role in inducing mitochondrial fission. These fragmented mitochondria facilitate cell movement important for metastases. siRNA-mediated downregulation of SIRT6 was found to decrease cellular invasion through compromised mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent reduction in stress fiber formation in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, the present report establishes the impact of SIRT6 in the regulation of morphological and functional aspects of mitochondria that modulates invasion in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bandopadhyay
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Parash Prasad
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Upasana Ray
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Damayanti Das Ghosh
- Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Wu X, Wang S, Zhao X, Lai S, Yuan Z, Zhan Y, Ni K, Liu Z, Liu L, Xin R, Zhou X, Yin X, Liu X, Zhang X, Cui W, Zhang C. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of SIRT6 in patients with solid tumors: a meta-analysis and TCGA data review. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35172823 PMCID: PMC8848894 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES In addition to its role in cellular progression and cancer, SIRT6, a member of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III deacylase sirtuin family, serves a variety of roles in the body's immune system. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship between the expression of SIRT6 and the clinicopathological outcomes of patients with solid tumours by conducting a meta-analysis of the available data. METHODS The databases PubMed and ISI Web of Science were searched for relevant literature, and the results were presented here. Using Stata16.0, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of SIRT6 on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in malignancy patients. The results were published in the journal Cancer Research. The dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to investigate the prognostic significance of SIRT6 in various types of tumors. RESULTS The inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by 15 studies. In patients with solid tumours, reduced SIRT6 expression was found to be related with improved overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45-0.97, P < 0.001) as well as improved disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26-0.91, P < 0.001). Low SIRT6 expression was found to be associated with a better OS in breast cancer (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.89, P = 0.179), but was found to be associated with a worse OS in gastrointestinal cancer (gastric cancer and colon cancer) (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.20-2.79, P = 0.939) after subgroup analysis. In terms of clinicopathological characteristics, SIRT6 expression was found to be linked with distant metastasis (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.59-5.57, P = 0.694). When the data from the TCGA dataset was compared to normal tissue, it was discovered that SIRT6 expression was significantly different in 11 different types of cancers. Meanwhile, reduced SIRT6 expression was shown to be associated with improved OS (P < 0.05), which was consistent with the findings of the meta-analysis. Aside from that, the expression of SIRT6 was found to be associated with both gender and clinical stage. CONCLUSION The overall data of the present meta-analysis indicated that low expression of SIRT6 may predict a favorable survival for patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xuanzhu Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sizhen Lai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yixiang Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kemin Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoce Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Ran Xin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Yin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China. .,Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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7
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Raghu S, Prabhashankar AB, Shivanaiah B, Tripathi E, Sundaresan NR. Sirtuin 6 Is a Critical Epigenetic Regulator of Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:337-360. [PMID: 36301499 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the mammalian sirtuin family with deacetylase, deacylase, and mono-ADP-ribosyl-transferase activities. It is a multitasking chromatin-associated protein regulating different cellular and physiological functions in cells. Specifically, SIRT6 dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related human diseases, including cancer. Studies indicate that SIRT6 has a tumor-specific role, and it is considered a tumor suppressor as well as a tumor growth inducer, depending on the type of cancer. In this chapter, we review the role of SIRT6 in metabolism, genomic stability, and cancer. Further, we provide an insight into the interplay of the tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles of SIRT6 in cancer. Additionally, we discuss the use of small-molecule SIRT6 modulators as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Raghu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arathi Bangalore Prabhashankar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhoomika Shivanaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Screening of SIRT6 inhibitors and activators: A novel activator has an impact on breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111452. [PMID: 33684691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of sirtuin family (SIRT1-7), regulates a variety of cellular processes involved in aging, metabolism, and cancer. Dysregulation of SIRT6 is widely observed in different breast cancer subtypes; however, the role and function of SIRT6 in cancer development remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify novel compounds targeting SIRT6 which may provide a new approach in development of anti-cancer therapy for breast cancer. Virtual screening was utilized to discover potential compounds targeting SIRT6 for in vitro screening. In addition, novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were synthetized and further subjected for the screening. The impact of the compounds on the deacetylation activity of SIRT6 was determined with HPLC method. The anti-cancer activities were screened for a panel of breast cancer cells. A set of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was identified as SIRT6 inhibitors. A SIRT6 activating compound, (2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-8-yl)acetate (later called as 4H-chromen), was discovered and it provided 30-40-fold maximal activation. 4H-chromen was proposed to bind similarly to quercetin and place to previously reported SIRT6 activator sites. 4H-chromen was investigated in various breast cancer cells, and it decreased cell proliferation in all cells as well as arrested cell cycle in triple negative cells. Overall, this study describes a highly potent SIRT6 activator and new inhibitors that represent a novel tool to study the mechanism of SIRT6 function.
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Liu G, Chen H, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhou J. Emerging roles of SIRT6 in human diseases and its modulators. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1089-1137. [PMID: 33325563 PMCID: PMC7906922 DOI: 10.1002/med.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6; e.g., deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and mono-ADP-ribosylation) play a pivotal role in regulating lifespan and several fundamental processes controlling aging such as DNA repair, gene expression, and telomeric maintenance. Over the past decades, the aberration of SIRT6 has been extensively observed in diverse life-threatening human diseases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the critical roles of SIRT6 in the onset and progression of human diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, steatohepatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, renal and corneal injuries, as well as the elucidation of the related signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the advances in the development of small molecule SIRT6 modulators including activators and inhibitors as well as their pharmacological profiles toward potential therapeutics for SIRT6-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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10
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Shi L, Wang Y, Oppong TB, Fu X, Yang H, Wang Y. Prognostic role of SIRT6 in gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:358-365. [PMID: 33335996 PMCID: PMC7712292 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays a critical role in the progression and development of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the association between SIRT6 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients remains inconclusive. Consequently, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the importance of SIRT6 expression in various types of gastrointestinal cancers. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to screen the relevant literature. The reported or estimated hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to assess the strength of the association. Nine studies involving 867 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall analysis showed that high SIRT6 expression was related to better overall survival in gastrointestinal cancers (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47–0.82). High SIRT6 expression was also related to a favorable tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.28–0.70) among gastrointestinal cancer patients. Our meta-analysis revealed that high SIRT6 expression might be a potential biomarker predicting better prognosis in gastrointestinal cancers, which may offer options for gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Timothy Bonney Oppong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China
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11
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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12
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Zhang C, Yu Y, Huang Q, Tang K. SIRT6 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1575-1582. [PMID: 31257493 PMCID: PMC6625461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, and exhibits a high mortality rate. Sirtuin (SIRT)6 is a member of the sirtuin family, which may be useful targets in the treatment of tumors. The present study aimed to explore the expression of SIRT6 in numerous HCC cell lines and investigate the role of SIRT6 in the proliferation and apoptosis of the HCC cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Overexpression and silencing of SIRT6 were performed by transfection of Huh‑7 cells with synthetic overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The apoptosis rate was measured via flow cytometry. Cloning efficiency was assessed using plate clone formation assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins were determined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. SIRT6 was overexpressed in Hep3B, Huh‑7, MHCC‑97H, MHCC‑97L, MHCC‑LM6, MHCC‑LM3, YY‑8103 and SK‑hep‑1 cell lines, compared with MIHA and HL‑7702 normal liver cell lines. Overexpression of SIRT6 increased the proliferation of Huh‑7 cells, upregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 and phosphorylation of extracellular‑signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), and decreased the expression of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) in Huh‑7 cells. siRNA‑mediated silencing of SIRT6 decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of Huh‑7 cells, downregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 and phosphorylated‑ERK, and promoted the expression of cleaved‑caspase‑3 and Bax. The proliferation of Huh‑7 cells was decreased using the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. The results suggested that SIRT6 affected the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells via the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway, altering the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. SIRT6 may be a potential target for the treatment of HCC; however, its role requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuisheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Qingxian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Wu X, Tian H, Xue L, Wang L. SIRT6 abrogation promotes adrenocortical carcinoma through activation of NF-κB signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 458:1-10. [PMID: 30989475 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an uncommon malignancy in the adrenal gland, adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is characterized by thorny diagnosis and poor clinical outcome, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a tumor suppressor, modulates aerobic glycolysis of malignant cells and has an impact on tumorigenesis. This study focused on investigating SIRT6 expression in ACC and how it generates cancer phenotypes. SIRT6 expression was inhibited in ACC tissues according to western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. MTT assay, TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the contribution of SIRT6 to cell invasion, proliferation, death, and migration. It was shown that SIRT6 knockdown promoted cell invasion, proliferation, and migration, and inhibited cell death. Moreover, it was found that SIRT6 knockdown upregulated TLR4 and reinforced phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 as well as inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase. Additionally, SIRT6 knockdown significantly enhanced expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide as well as transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1. It also reinforced reactive oxygen species generation. Overall, our research findings demonstrate that SIRT6 serves as a tumor suppressor via regulation of the NF-κB pathway, which could offer an innovative strategy to treat ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Long Xue
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610043, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Department of Eugenics, Women and Children's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610043, China
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Hu Y, Mao Z, Xu L, Yin L, Tao X, Tang Z, Qi Y, Sun P, Peng J. Protective effect of dioscin against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via adjusting miR-351-5p-mediated oxidative stress. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Hu Y, Tao X, Han X, Xu L, Yin L, Sun H, Qi Y, Xu Y, Peng J. MicroRNA-351-5p aggravates intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the targeting of MAPK13 and Sirtuin-6. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3594-3609. [PMID: 29952043 PMCID: PMC6086990 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is a serious clinical problem. Here we have investigated novel mechanisms and new drug targets in II/R injury by searching for microRNAs regulating such injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) of IEC-6 cell cultures and models of II/R models in rats and mice. Microarray assays were used to identify target miRNAs from rat intestinal. Real-time PCR, Western blot and dual luciferase reporter assays, and agomir and antagomir in vitro and in vivo were used to assess the effects of the target miRNA on II/R injury. KEY RESULTS The miR-351-5p was differentially expressed in our models and it targeted MAPK13 and sirtuin-6. This miRNA reduced levels of sirtuin-6 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and activated forkhead box O3 (FoxO3α) phosphorylation to cause oxidative stress. Also, miR-351-5p markedly reduced MAPK13 level, activated polycystic kidney disease 1/NF-κB signal and increased NF-κB (p65). Moreover, miR-351-5p up-regulated levels of Bcl2-associated X, cytochrome c, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1, cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-caspase 9 by reducing sirtuin-6 levels to promote apoptosis. In addition, miR-351-5p mimic in IEC-6 cells and agomir in mice aggravated these effects, and miR-351-5p inhibitor and antagomir in mice alleviated these actions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data showed that miR-351-5p aggravated II/R injury by promoting intestinal mucosal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis by targeting MAPK13 and sirtuin-6.These data provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating II/R injury, and of miR-351-5p could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for such injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Hu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xu Han
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lina Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yan Qi
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of PharmacyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Tian J, Yuan L. Sirtuin 6 inhibits colon cancer progression by modulating PTEN/AKT signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:109-116. [PMID: 29957460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of the tumor suppressor sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) protein plays a role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SIRT6 and its underlying mechanism in colon cancer progression. As shown by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), SIRT6 expression was down-regulated in colon cancer tissues and different colon cancer cell lines, and down-regulation of SIRT6 showed a negative correlation with the overall survival of colon cancer patients. To assess the effects of SIRT6 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were carried out, respectively. Results demonstrated that over-expression of SIRT6 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and enhanced cell apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Western blotting showed that up-regulation of SIRT6 increased the combined quantity of PTEN with SIRT6 proteins, and promoted the expression of PTEN and PIP2, as well as the stability of PTEN. SIRT6 also reduced the ubiquitination of PTEN and decreased protein levels of AKT1, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), mTOR, cyclin d1, and c-myc. In addition, compared with cells over-expressed SIRT6, cell apoptosis was repressed and cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were enhanced in cells with SIRT6 over-expression and PTEN knockdown. In conclusion, the present study confirms that SIRT6 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in colon cancer by modulating PTEN/AKT signaling, which may provide a novel target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Tian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Leilei Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China. 13905370037.@163.com
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