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Xie Q, Hu C, Luo C. The alterations in peripheral lymphocyte subsets predict the efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:2946-2955. [PMID: 37781071 PMCID: PMC10539567 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments are promising therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, not all HCC patients benefit from immunotherapy. Therefore, it is urgent to explore markers for the clinical efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy for liver cancer. This study aimed to investigate changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets after immunotherapy and to assess their predictive and prognostic value. Methods: Sixty-one patients with advanced HCC were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected from HCC patients before and after ICI treatment, and lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. The rank sum test, chi-square test, Kaplan‒Meier curve, and Cox regression model were used to determine the relationship between the changes in the percentages of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and clinicopathological characteristics, clinical efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: After ICI treatment, the percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells increased, and the percentage of B cells decreased. The changes in memory T cells percentages varied according to different immune efficacy groups. Age, history of hepatitis B infection, first-line therapy, and distant metastasis influenced the proportion of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, univariate analysis demonstrated that high percentage changes in the natural killer (NK) cells percentage change predicted longer PFS and OS. Conclusions: ICI treatment alters the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in immunotherapy-treated HCC patients. Changes in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets are influenced by variances in immunological response and clinicopathological features. A high degree of NK cells percentage change in HCC patients treated with ICI represents an independent prognostic predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Xie
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Can Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
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2
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Guo D, Zhang X, Du X, Yao W, Shen W, Zhu S. A novel DNA damage repair gene-related prognostic model for evaluating the prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 36803971 PMCID: PMC9940400 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic value of DNA damage repair genes (DDRGs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their relationship with immune-related characteristics. METHODS We analyzed DDRGs of the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE53625). Subsequently, the GSE53625 cohort was used to construct a prognostic model based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and Cox regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram. The immunological analysis algorithms explored the differences between the potential mechanism, tumor immune activity, and immunosuppressive genes in the high- and low-risk groups. Of the prognosis model-related DDRGs, we selected PPP2R2A for further investigation. Functional experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect on ESCC cells in vitro. RESULTS A 5-DDRG (ERCC5, POLK, PPP2R2A, TNP1 and ZNF350) prediction signature was established for ESCC, stratifying patients into two risk groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the 5-DDRG signature was an independent predictor of overall survival. Immune cells such as CD4 T cells and monocytes displayed lower infiltration levels in the high-risk group. Additionally, the immune, ESTIMATE, and stromal scores in the high-risk group were all considerably higher than those in the low-risk group. Functionally, knockdown of PPP2R2A significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in two ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and TE1). CONCLUSION The clustered subtypes and prognostic model of DDRGs could effectively predict the prognosis and immune activity of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Xingyu Du
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Weinan Yao
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Wenbin Shen
- grid.452582.cDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000 China
| | - Shuchai Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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3
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Ramasubramanian R, Meier HCS, Vivek S, Klopack E, Crimmins EM, Faul J, Nikolich-Žugich J, Thyagarajan B. Evaluation of T-cell aging-related immune phenotypes in the context of biological aging and multimorbidity in the Health and Retirement Study. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:33. [PMID: 35858901 PMCID: PMC9297609 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular changes in adaptive immune system accompany the process of aging and contribute to an aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) characterized by decrease in naïve T-cells (TN) and increase in memory T-cells (TM). A population-representative marker of ARIP and its associations with biological aging and age-related chronic conditions have not been studied previously. METHODS We developed two ARIP indicators based on well understood age-related changes in T cell distribution: TN/(TCM (Central Memory) + TEM (Effector Memory) + TEFF (Effector)) (referred as TN/TM) in CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. We compared them with existing ARIP measures including CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 + TN cells by evaluating associations with chronological age and the Klemera Doubal measure of biological age (measured in years) using linear regression, multimorbidity using multinomial logistic regression and two-year mortality using logistic regression. RESULTS CD8 + TN and CD8 + TN/TM had the strongest inverse association with chronological age (beta estimates: -3.41 and -3.61 respectively; p-value < 0.0001) after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity and CMV status. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN had the strongest inverse association with biological age (β = -0.23; p = 0.003 and β = -0.24; p = 0.004 respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and CMV serostatus. CD4/CD8 ratio was not associated with chronological age or biological age. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN was inversely associated with multimorbidity. For CD4 + TN/TM, people with 2 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of for 0.74 (95%CI: 0.63-0.86 p = 0.0003) compared to those without any chronic conditions while those with 3 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.90; p = 0.003) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, CMV serostatus, smoking, and BMI. The results for the CD4 + TN subset were very similar to the associations seen with the CD4 + TN/TM. CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN were both associated with two-year mortality (OR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67-0.95; p = 0.01) and 0.81 (0.70-0.94; p = 0.01), respectively). CONCLUSION CD4 + TN/TM and CD4 + TN had a stronger association with biological age, age-related morbidity and mortality compared to other ARIP measures. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the CD4 + subsets in predicting the risk of aging-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramasubramanian
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Helen C S Meier
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sithara Vivek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Klopack
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Deng J, Zhang Q, Lv L, Ma P, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Zhang Y. Identification of an autophagy-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7006. [PMID: 35488119 PMCID: PMC9054801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PAAD) is a cancerous growth that deteriorates rapidly and has a poor prognosis. Researchers are investigating autophagy in PAAD to identify a new biomarker and treatment target. An autophagy-related gene (ARG) model for overall survival (OS) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analyses. A cohort of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-PAAD was used as the training group as a basis for model construction. This prediction model was validated with several external datasets. To evaluate model performance, the analysis with receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) was performed. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) were investigated to validate the effects of ARGs expression on cancer cells. Comparing the levels of immune infiltration between high-risk and low-risk groups was finished through the use of CIBERSORT. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the low-/high-risk groups were analyzed further via Gene Ontology biological process (GO-BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, which were used to identify potential small-molecule compounds in Connectivity Map (CMap), followed by half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) examination with PANC-1 cells. The risk score was finally calculated as follows: BAK1 × 0.34 + ITGA3 × 0.38 + BAG3 × 0.35 + APOL1 × 0.26-RAB24 × 0.67519. ITGA3 and RAB24 both emerged as independent prognostic factors in multivariate Cox regression. Each PAAD cohort had a significantly shorter OS in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The high-risk group exhibited infiltration of several immune cell types, including naive B cells (p = 0.003), plasma cells (p = 0.044), and CD8 T cells (nearly significant, p = 0.080). Higher infiltration levels of NK cells (p = 0.025), resting macrophages (p = 0.020), and mast cells (p = 0.007) were found in the high-risk group than the low-risk group. The in vitro and in vivo expression of signature ARGs was consistent in the CCLE and HPA databases. The top 3 enriched Gene Ontology biological processes (GO-BPs) were signal release, regulation of transsynaptic signaling, and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, and the top 3 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were MAPK, cAMP, and cell adhesion molecules. Four potential small-molecule compounds (piperacetazine, vinburnine, withaferin A and hecogenin) that target ARGs were also identified. Taking the results together, our research shows that the ARG signature may serve as a useful prognostic indicator and reveal potential therapeutic targets in patients with PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Deng
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lv
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Zhai Z, Wang Z, Jin M, Zhang K. Peripheral blood CD45RO+T cells is a predictor of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26214. [PMID: 34160385 PMCID: PMC8238272 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the changes in circulating CD45RO+T lymphocyte subsets following neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.The clinicopathological data of 185 patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy in the General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed. Venous blood samples were collected 1 week before neoadjuvant therapy and 1 week before surgery, and the expression of CD45RO+T was detected by flow cytometry. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of CD45RO+ratio. Log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze the overall survival rate (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DFS) associated with CD45RO+ratio.Circulating CD45RO+ratio of 1.07 was determined as the optimal cut-off point and CD45RO+ratio-high was associated with lower tumor regression grade grading (P = .031), T stage (P = .001), and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = .012). The 3-year DFS and OS rate in the CD45RO+ratio-high group was significantly higher than that in the CD45RO+ratio-low group (89.2% vs 60.1%, P<.001; 94.4% vs 73.2%, P<.001). The multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated CD45RO+ratio was an independent factor for better DFS (OR, 0.339; 95% CI, 0.153-0.752; P = .008) and OS (OR, 0.244; 95% CI,0.082-0.726; P = .011).Circulating CD45RO+ratio could predict the tumor regression grade of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer, as well as long-term prognosis. These findings could be used to stratify patients and develop alternative strategies for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunning Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Makau MC, Powell J, Prendergast J, Latré de Laté P, Morrison LJ, Fisch A, Gathura P, Kitala P, Connelley T, Toye P. Inverted CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio in Boran (Bos indicus) cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110126. [PMID: 33080530 PMCID: PMC7700890 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The CD4+/CD8+ ratio is used as a marker of the immune regulation of T cell balance. When the ratio in peripheral blood is less than 1, this is considered an indication of immune suppression in an individual. Previous work on bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) has consistently reported a ratio ≥1 as seen in other mammalian hosts, i.e. higher circulating CD4+ cell numbers than CD8+ cell numbers. However, a consistent inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio (<1) was observed in Boran cattle, an African Bos indicus breed. The T cell populations were characterized in Boran cattle (n = 52), revealing higher percentages of circulating CD8+ cells (31.9 % average) than CD4+ cells (19.1 % average), thus resulting in the inversion of the expected T cell homeostasis in these animals. The results show that this inversion is not an effect of age or relatedness of the cattle, rather, it was shared by almost all Boran cattle used in this study. Despite this inversion being a feature shared by both males and females, the female cattle had significantly higher CD4+/CD8+ ratios than the male Boran. This paper describes the characteristics of the T cell fractions in the study animals and compares the findings to those of other Boran cattle in Kenya, and four other cattle breeds representing African indicine, African taurine, Brazilian indicine and European taurine cattle. We demonstrate that the consistent observation of inverted CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio was restricted to the Boran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine C Makau
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Jessica Powell
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - James Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Perle Latré de Laté
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Liam J Morrison
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Andressa Fisch
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirao Preto Brazil
| | - Peter Gathura
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Phillip Kitala
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Connelley
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Toye
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Griffiths JI, Wallet P, Pflieger LT, Stenehjem D, Liu X, Cosgrove PA, Leggett NA, McQuerry JA, Shrestha G, Rossetti M, Sunga G, Moos PJ, Adler FR, Chang JT, Sharma S, Bild AH. Circulating immune cell phenotype dynamics reflect the strength of tumor-immune cell interactions in patients during immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16072-16082. [PMID: 32571915 PMCID: PMC7355015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918937117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which immune cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood reflect within-tumor immune activity prior to and early in cancer therapy is unclear. To address this question, we studied the population dynamics of tumor and immune cells, and immune phenotypic changes, using clinical tumor and immune cell measurements and single-cell genomic analyses. These samples were serially obtained from a cohort of advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients enrolled in a trial with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Using an ecological population model, fitted to clinical tumor burden and immune cell abundance data from each patient, we find evidence of a strong tumor-circulating immune cell interaction in responder patients but not in those patients that progress on treatment. Upon initiation of therapy, immune cell abundance increased rapidly in responsive patients, and once the peak level is reached tumor burden decreases, similar to models of predator-prey interactions; these dynamic patterns were absent in nonresponder patients. To interrogate phenotype dynamics of circulating immune cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing at serial time points during treatment. These data show that peripheral immune cell phenotypes were linked to the increased strength of patients' tumor-immune cell interaction, including increased cytotoxic differentiation and strong activation of interferon signaling in peripheral T cells in responder patients. Joint modeling of clinical and genomic data highlights the interactions between tumor and immune cell populations and reveals how variation in patient responsiveness can be explained by differences in peripheral immune cell signaling and differentiation soon after the initiation of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Griffiths
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Pierre Wallet
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Lance T Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - David Stenehjem
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Neena A Leggett
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Gajendra Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Gemalene Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Frederick R Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Translational Oncology Research & Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010;
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8
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Wang YY, Zhou N, Liu HS, Gong XL, Zhu R, Li XY, Sun Z, Zong XH, Li NN, Meng CT, Bai CM, Li TS. Circulating activated lymphocyte subsets as potential blood biomarkers of cancer progression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5086-5094. [PMID: 32459060 PMCID: PMC7367640 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to predict the value of lymphocyte subsets in cancer progression. Peripheral blood was obtained from 327 untreated patients with cancer and 158 healthy volunteers. Levels of lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. There were decreased levels of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and naïve CD4+/CD4+ T cells in untreated patients with cancer compared to those in healthy controls. Inversely, there were elevated levels of the following T‐cell percentages in cancer patients compared to those in healthy controls: memory CD4+/CD4+, CD8+ T cells, HLA‐DR/CD8+, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+. In addition, there are a decreasing trend in terms of CD4+ T‐cell counts and an increase CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T‐cell and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T‐cell percentages in the advanced stage. An increasing trend with advanced tumor stage and the percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T cells and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T cells was shown in this study. There are a negative correlation for CD4+ T‐cell counts and positive correlation for percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T cell and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T cells with the lymph node metastasis. In the presence of distant metastatic spread, we observed higher NK‐cell counts, CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T‐cell percentages, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T‐cell percentages, as well as lower CD4+ T‐cell counts than those in the absence of distant metastases spread. Abnormal levels of NK cell, CD8+ T cells, memory CD4+/CD4+, naïve CD4+/ CD4+, CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ can be a potential blood biomarkers of cancer development. CD4+ T‐cell counts and percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/ CD8+ and CD8+ CD38+/ CD8+ can predict the cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Medical Record, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Hong Zong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wangshi Town Hospital, Haicheng, China
| | - Ning-Ning Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chun-Mei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Sheng Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Multicentre Harmonisation of a Six-Colour Flow Cytometry Panel for Naïve/Memory T Cell Immunomonitoring. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1938704. [PMID: 32322591 PMCID: PMC7153001 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1938704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Personalised medicine in oncology needs standardised immunological assays. Flow cytometry (FCM) methods represent an essential tool for immunomonitoring, and their harmonisation is crucial to obtain comparable data in multicentre clinical trials. The objective of this study was to design a harmonisation workflow able to address the most effective issues contributing to intra- and interoperator variabilities in a multicentre project. Methods The Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS) managed a multiparametric flow cytometric panel harmonisation among thirteen operators belonging to five clinical and research centres of Lazio region (Italy). The panel was based on a backbone mixture of dried antibodies (anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD45RA, and anti-CCR7) to detect naïve/memory T cells, recognised as potential prognostic/predictive immunological biomarkers in cancer immunotherapies. The coordinating centre distributed frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and fresh whole blood (WB) samples from healthy donors, reagents, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to participants who performed experiments by their own equipment, in order to mimic a real-life scenario. Operators returned raw and locally analysed data to ISS for central analysis and statistical elaboration. Results Harmonised and reproducible results were obtained by sharing experimental set-up and procedures along with centralising data analysis, leading to a reduction of cross-centre variability for naïve/memory subset frequencies particularly in the whole blood setting. Conclusion Our experimental and analytical working process proved to be suitable for the harmonisation of FCM assays in a multicentre setting, where high-quality data are required to evaluate potential immunological markers, which may contribute to select better therapeutic options.
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10
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Qiu J, Zhou F, Li X, Zhang S, Chen Z, Xu Z, Lu G, Zhu Z, Ding N, Lou J, Ye Z, Qian Q. Changes and Clinical Significance of Detailed Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Evaluating the Immunity for Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:209-219. [PMID: 32021437 PMCID: PMC6957005 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s221586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The evaluation of lymphocyte subsets is widely regarded as an important factor for monitoring tumor progression and response to therapy. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive and detailed assessment of peripheral lymphocyte subsets with a multi-parametric flow cytometry assay for response prediction and prognosis evaluation of cancer patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples collected from 40 cancer patients and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were tested for 29 lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. The univariate analysis was applied to establish the reference interval of healthy samples, and the ratio and proportion of 29 lymphocyte subsets between patient samples and healthy controls were compared to evaluate their clinical significance by Mann–Whitney U-test model. Results The reference ranges of 29 lymphocyte subsets were established with a normal distribution and no significant differences were observed between genders. Compared with healthy control group, lower proportion and ratio of specific parameters, such as Naïve Th cells (p<0.01), Naïve Tc cells (p<0.01), CM (central memory) Tc cells (p<0.01), Naïve T cells/Memory T cells (p<0.001), Naïve T cells/EM (effector memory) T cells (p<0.001) and Naive Th cells/Memory Th cells (p< 0.001), and higher proportion and ratio of EM Th cells (p<0.001), EM Tc cells (p<0.01), effector Tc cells (p<0.05), EM Th cells/CM Th cells (p<0.01) and EM Tc cells/CM Tc cells (p<0.01), as well as Breg (p<0.001), B cells (p<0.05) and CD16-NK cells (p<0.001) were found in cancer cohorts. Conclusion This study suggests that the changes in certain lymphocyte subsets might be helpful to evaluate the immunity of cancer patients, and holds great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiong Lu
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ding
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Lou
- Shanghai Mengchao Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Ye
- Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Qian
- Department of Biotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Baize Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Mengchao Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu C, Xu B, Li Q, Li A, Li L, Yue J, Hu Q, Yu J. Smoking history influences the prognostic value of peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:176. [PMID: 31320838 PMCID: PMC6617618 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the effect of smoking on tumor immunity, we attempted to investigate the impact of smoking history on the prognostic value of circulating naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemo(radio)therapy. Methods Of 196 histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC, 98 eligible ones were enrolled. Naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Kaplan-Meier curves helped estimate patients' survival. The uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed in the assessment of the prognostic value of factors. Results Multivariate survival analyses showed that peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells independently predicted favorable overall survival (OS) in ever smokers with advanced NSCLC (P = 0.007), but unfavorable OS in never smokers with the same ailment (P = 0.012). Ever smokers presented a different distribution of naïve and memory T cells: low expression levels of naïve CD4+ T (P = 0.005), naïve CD8+ T (P = 0.031), CD4+ naïve/memory ratio (P = 0.020), and CD8+ naïve/memory ratio (P = 0.019), and high distributions of memory CD4 + T (P = 0.004), memory CD8 + T (P = 0.034), and naïve CD8/CD4 ratio (P = 0.020), when compared to never smokers. Conclusions We revealed the impact of cigarette-smoking on peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells' prognostic value in advanced NSCLC patients. These results could help in refining personalized treatment for advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Bin Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Qian Li
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Aijie Li
- 4Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong China
| | - Lan Li
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Jinbo Yue
- 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Jinming Yu
- 1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China.,2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
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12
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Givechian KB, Garner C, Benz S, Song B, Rabizadeh S, Soon-Shiong P. An immunogenic NSCLC microenvironment is associated with favorable survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1840-1849. [PMID: 30956762 PMCID: PMC6442995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of an intricately organized system through which immune cells and cancer cells may communicate to regulate anti-tumor immunogenicity. To this end, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been shown to activate a variety of immunological mechanisms, thereby broadening our understanding of lung cancer immunobiology. However, while recent work has highlighted the importance of NSCLC immunology and prognosis, studies have not yet examined the tumor microenvironment (TME) globally in regards to the survival outcomes between two major NSCLC subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the present study, we identify an immunogenic tumor microenvironment state in NSCLC that is enriched for the lung adenocarcinoma subtype. By utilizing TME cell enrichment scores and RNA-seq expression data, we show that the inflamed TME is associated with favorable patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma, but this does not hold true for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, differentially regulated pathways between immune-inflamed and immune-excluded tumors within LUAD and LUSC were not subtype specific. Instead, immune-inflamed LUSC samples possessed elevated immune checkpoint marker expression when compared to those of the LUAD samples, thereby offering a putative explanation for our prognostic observations. These results shed light on the immunological prognostic effects within lung cancer and may encourage further TME exploration between these two subtypes as the landscape of NSCLC therapy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad Garner
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Steve Benz
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Bing Song
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Shahrooz Rabizadeh
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Patrick Soon-Shiong
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantBioscience, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
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13
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Hang J, Huang J, Zhou S, Wu L, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Zhou H, Xu K, Jiang H, Yang X. The clinical implication of CD45RA + naïve T cells and CD45RO + memory T cells in advanced pancreatic cancer: a proxy for tumor biology and outcome prediction. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1326-1335. [PMID: 30767430 PMCID: PMC6434335 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve and memory T cells play a pivotal role in solid tumor pathogenesis but their role in pancreatic cancer progression remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to investigate their clinical potential in advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the level of baseline peripheral naïve and memory T cells from 137 APC patients before receiving first‐line chemotherapy. Interrelationships between naïve, memory T cells and clinicopathological variables were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation. The prognostic impact of naïve and memory T cells were assessed by Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression. The correlation between naïve/memory T cells and tumor progression was investigated by Student’s t test. CD4+ naïve/memory ratio showed close correlations with hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet while CD8+ naïve/memory ratio was correlated with hemoglobin, RBC and CEA. Higher baseline lever of CD4+CD45RO+/CD4+ was correlated with better overall survival (OS) (P = 0.036). Patients with CD4+ naïve/memory ratio ≥0.36 had a poorer OS than those with CD4+ naïve/memory ratio <0.36 (P = 0.021). In addition, CD4+ naïve/memory ratio showed independent prognostic impact (HR 1.427, 95% CI 1.033‐1.973, P = 0.031). Furthermore, poorer clinical response was correlated with higher level of CD8+ naïve/memory ratio after the third cycle of chemotherapy (P = 0.01). Besides, patients with a lower level of CD8+ naïve/memory ratio had longer progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = 0.028). We propose CD4+ naïve/memory ratio as a novel prognostic biomarker for APC. In addition, CD8+ naïve/memory ratio can be a candidate marker for predicting PFS and the change of its level may reflect the progression of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai JingAn District ZhaBei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kequn Xu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Riemann D, Cwikowski M, Turzer S, Giese T, Grallert M, Schütte W, Seliger B. Blood immune cell biomarkers in lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:179-189. [PMID: 30246868 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of host immune cell parameters prior to treatment is expected to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome as well as to elucidate why some patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. We monitored blood immune cells from 58 patients with non-small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery of the primary tumor and from 50 age-matched healthy volunteers. Complete leukocyte blood count, the number of circulating dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DRlow monocytes and several lymphocytic subpopulations were determined by eight-color flow cytometry. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the immune cell parameters investigated was evaluated by patients' survival analysis. Compared to the control group, blood of NSCLC patients contained more neutrophils resulting in a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), but a lower number of blood DC, in particular of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), natural killer (NK) cells and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and HLA-DRlow monocytes was detected, and smoking had a significant impact on these values. HLA-DRlow monocytes were positively correlated to the number of neutrophils, monocytes and NLR, but negatively associated with the number of pDC and naive CD4+ T cells. The frequency of Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the ratios of CD4/HLA-DRlow monocytes and HLA-DRlow monocytes/pDC correlated with patient's overall survival. Next to Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive T cells represent prognostic markers for NSCLC patients and might be useful for monitoring of patients' responses to immunotherapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riemann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M Cwikowski
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - S Turzer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - M Grallert
- Department of Thorax Surgery of the Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - W Schütte
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - B Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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15
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Schnell A, Schmidl C, Herr W, Siska PJ. The Peripheral and Intratumoral Immune Cell Landscape in Cancer Patients: A Proxy for Tumor Biology and a Tool for Outcome Prediction. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E25. [PMID: 29495308 PMCID: PMC5874682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional systemic and local immunity is required for effective anti-tumor responses. In addition to an active engagement with cancer cells and tumor stroma, immune cells can be affected and are often found to be dysregulated in cancer patients. The impact of tumors on local and systemic immunity can be assessed using a variety of approaches ranging from low-dimensional analyses that are performed on large patient cohorts to multi-dimensional assays that are technically and logistically challenging and are therefore confined to a limited sample size. Many of these strategies have been established in recent years leading to exciting findings. Not only were analyses of immune cells in tumor patients able to predict the clinical course of the disease and patients' survival, numerous studies also detected changes in the immune landscape that correlated with responses to novel immunotherapies. This review will provide an overview of established and novel tools for assessing immune cells in tumor patients and will discuss exemplary studies that utilized these techniques to predict patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Schmidl
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology and University Medical Center of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology and University Medical Center of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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