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Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:183-192. [PMID: 36790603 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and EGFR mutation is the most common genetic alteration among Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma. While osimertinib has been shown to be effective in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation, the majority of patients eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment. We explored the significance of the cyclin D1 expression in patients with EGFR mutation and the potential efficacy of adding abemaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, simultaneously with osimertinib in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining, using an anti-cyclin D1 antibody, of specimens from 83 patients with EGFR mutation (male, n = 27; pStage 0-I, n = 71) who were treated by surgical resection between 2017 and 2020, and the relationship between the cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. Additionally, the combined effect of osimertinib and abemaciclib in lung cancer cell lines were analyzed using a growth inhibition test, and the signaling pathway underlying the combined effect was investigated. RESULTS Cyclin D1 was negative in 18.1% of patients with EGFR mutation, and cyclin D1 negativity was associated with pStage ≥ II (p = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001), and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.01). The cyclin D1-negative group had significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (p = 0.02), although this difference disappeared when limited to pN0 patients. In EGFR mutated cell lines, the combination of osimertinib and abemaciclib demonstrated synergistic effects, which were thought to be mediated by the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors and EGFR-TKIs may be a promising approach.
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Cahuzac M, Langlois P, Péant B, Fleury H, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Pre-activation of autophagy impacts response to olaparib in prostate cancer cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:251. [PMID: 35318456 PMCID: PMC8940895 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays an essential role in DNA repair and is targeted by anticancer therapies using PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib. PARPi treatment in prostate cancer (PC) is currently used as a monotherapy or in combination with standard therapies (hormonotherapy) in clinical trials for patients with DNA damage response mutation. Unfortunately, 20% of these patients did not respond to this new treatment. This resistance mechanism in PC is still not well understood. Here, we report that autophagy affects differently the response of PC cell lines to olaparib depending on its activation status. Pre-activation of autophagy before olaparib resulted in an increase of DNA repair activity by homologous recombination (HR) to repair double-strand breaks induced by olaparib and enhanced cell proliferation. When autophagy was activated after olaparib treatment, or completely inhibited, PC cells demonstrated an increased sensitivity to this PARPi. This autophagy-mediated resistance is, in part, regulated by the nuclear localization of sequestrosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62). Decrease of SQSTM1/p62 nuclear localization due to autophagy pre-activation leads to an increase of filamin A (FLNA) protein expression and BRCA1/Rad51 recruitment involved in the HR pathway. Our results reveal that autophagy basal levels may in part determine amenability to PARPi treatment. Pre-activation of autophagy mediates resistance to olaparib by decreasing nuclear SQSTM1/p62, which increases homologous recombination-mediated repair through filamin A expression and BRCA1/Rad51 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Cahuzac
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Langlois
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Fleury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Phan M, Kim C, Mutsaers A, Poirier V, Coomber B. Modulation of mTOR signaling by radiation and rapamycin treatment in canine mast cell cancer cells. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2022; 86:3-12. [PMID: 34975216 PMCID: PMC8697317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin has been reported to reduce cancer cell survival in certain tumors following radiation therapy, but the mechanisms driving this phenomenon are unclear. Rapamycin inhibits mTOR signaling, a pathway responsible for several essential cell functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rapamycin and radiation on the activation and inhibition of mTOR signaling and the relationship between mTOR signaling and DNA damage response in vitro using canine mast cell tumor (MCT) cancer cell lines. Rapamycin rapidly inhibited S6K phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Ionizing radiation (3, 6, or 10 Gy) was able to activate mTOR signalling, but the combination of radiation and rapamycin maintained mTOR inhibition. The comet assay revealed that co-treatment with rapamycin induced modest increases in the severity of DNA damage to MCT cells, but that these differences were not statistically significant. Although the relationship between mTOR and DNA damage response in MCT cancer cell lines remains unclear, our findings suggest the possibility of interaction, leading to enhancement of radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morla Phan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Phan, Mutsaers, Coomber) and Department of Clinical Studies (Kim, Mutsaers, Poirier), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Changseok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Phan, Mutsaers, Coomber) and Department of Clinical Studies (Kim, Mutsaers, Poirier), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Anthony Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Phan, Mutsaers, Coomber) and Department of Clinical Studies (Kim, Mutsaers, Poirier), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Valerie Poirier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Phan, Mutsaers, Coomber) and Department of Clinical Studies (Kim, Mutsaers, Poirier), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Brenda Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Phan, Mutsaers, Coomber) and Department of Clinical Studies (Kim, Mutsaers, Poirier), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Osoegawa A, Yamaguchi M, Nakamura T, Morinaga R, Tanaka K, Kashiwabara K, Miura T, Suetsugu T, Harada T, Asoh T, Taguchi K, Nabeshima K, Kishimoto J, Sakai K, Nishio K, Sugio K. High Incidence of C797S Mutation in Patients With Long Treatment History of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Including Osimertinib. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100191. [PMID: 34590037 PMCID: PMC8474195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although treatment with osimertinib confers survival benefits in patients with lung cancer with the EGFR T790M mutation, the mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib remains poorly understood. We conducted a prospective observational study to identify the mechanism on the basis of repeated tissue biopsies. Methods Patients with EGFR-mutated advanced lung cancer with a T790M mutation detected on a tissue biopsy underwent a rebiopsy after developing acquired resistance to osimertinib. Nucleic acids extracted from the biopsy samples were subjected to targeted resequencing (Oncomine Comprehensive Assay), and circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) was analyzed by CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (AVENIO ctDNA Surveillance Kit). Results Between November 2016 and March 2020, a total of 87 patients were screened. Among them, 44 developed acquired resistance. Of these, 19 samples from rebiopsies and 12 from preosimertinib biopsies were able to be analyzed by an Oncomine Comprehensive Assay. A ccfDNA analysis was performed in 16 patients. Regarding the mechanisms of acquired resistance, structural change in EGFR, namely, C797S, G796S, or L792V, was the most frequent alteration, being observed in 57.9% of the cases. MET gain was observed in 31.6% of the cases, and gains in cell cycle genes were observed in 26.3% of the cases. In addition, we identified GAS6 gain and an ATM mutation in a patient with small-cell transformation and a BRAF V600E mutation in a patient with oligoprogressive disease. Conclusions A repeated tissue biopsy and a ccfDNA analysis were useful in analyzing the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance. A long treatment history of EGFR TKIs may result in a high percentage of EGFR structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Osoegawa
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Morinaga
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Oita Prefectural Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kashiwabara
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shinbeppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suetsugu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai Medical Association Hospital, Satsumasendai, Japan
| | - Taishi Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Asoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugio
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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In silico modeling and molecular docking insights of kaempferitrin for colon cancer-related molecular targets. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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SH3BP4 promotes neuropilin-1 and α5-integrin endocytosis and is inhibited by Akt. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1164-1181.e12. [PMID: 33761321 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells probe their surrounding matrix for attachment sites via integrins that are internalized by endocytosis. We find that SH3BP4 regulates integrin surface expression in a signaling-dependent manner via clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Dephosphorylated SH3BP4 at S246 is efficiently recruited to CCPs, while upon Akt phosphorylation, SH3BP4 is sequestered by 14-3-3 adaptors and excluded from CCPs. In the absence of Akt activity, SH3BP4 binds GIPC1 and targets neuropilin-1 and α5/β1-integrin for endocytosis, leading to inhibition of cell spreading. Similarly, chemorepellent semaphorin-3a binds neuropilin-1 to activate PTEN, which antagonizes Akt and thus recruits SH3BP4 to CCPs to internalize both receptors and induce cell contraction. In PTEN mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells with high Akt activity, expression of non-phosphorylatable active SH3BP4-S246A restores semaphorin-3a induced cell contraction. Thus, SH3BP4 links Akt signaling to endocytosis of NRP1 and α5/β1-integrins to modulate cell-matrix interactions in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues.
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Zhang N, Tian YN, Zhou LN, Li MZ, Chen HD, Song SS, Huan XJ, Bao XB, Zhang A, Miao ZH, He JX. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition synergizes with PARP inhibitors through the induction of homologous recombination deficiency in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33589588 PMCID: PMC7884722 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monotherapy with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors results in a limited objective response rate (≤60% in most cases) in patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cancer, which suggests a high rate of resistance in this subset of patients to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). To overcome resistance to PARPi and to broaden their clinical use, we performed high-throughput screening of 99 anticancer drugs in combination with PARPi to identify potential therapeutic combinations. Here, we found that GSK3 inhibitors (GSK3i) exhibited a strong synergistic effect with PARPi in a panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds. The combination of GSK3β and PARP inhibition causes replication stress and DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in increased anaphase bridges and abnormal spindles. Mechanistically, inhibition or genetic depletion of GSK3β was found to impair the HRR of DNA and reduce the mRNA and protein level of BRCA1. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition or depletion of GSK3β could enhance the in vivo sensitivity to simmiparib without toxicity. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the combination of PARP and GSK3 inhibition, and support the clinical development of this combination therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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PARP Inhibition Increases the Reliance on ATR/CHK1 Checkpoint Signaling Leading to Synthetic Lethality-An Alternative Treatment Strategy for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Independent from HR Effectiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249715. [PMID: 33352723 PMCID: PMC7766831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi, olaparib) impairs the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), resulting in double-strand breaks (DSBs) that cannot be repaired efficiently in homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient cancers such as BRCA1/2-mutant cancers, leading to synthetic lethality. Despite the efficacy of olaparib in the treatment of BRCA1/2 deficient tumors, PARPi resistance is common. We hypothesized that the combination of olaparib with anticancer agents that disrupt HRR by targeting ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) may be an effective strategy to reverse ovarian cancer resistance to olaparib. Here, we evaluated the effect of olaparib, the ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and the CHK1 inhibitor MK8776 alone and in combination on cell survival, colony formation, replication stress response (RSR) protein expression, DNA damage, and apoptotic changes in BRCA2 mutated (PEO-1) and HRR-proficient BRCA wild-type (SKOV-3 and OV-90) cells. Combined treatment caused the accumulation of DNA DSBs. PARP expression was associated with sensitivity to olaparib or inhibitors of RSR. Synergistic effects were weaker when olaparib was combined with CHK1i and occurred regardless of the BRCA2 status of tumor cells. Because PARPi increases the reliance on ATR/CHK1 for genome stability, the combination of PARPi with ATR inhibition suppressed ovarian cancer cell growth independently of the efficacy of HRR. The present results were obtained at sub-lethal doses, suggesting the potential of these inhibitors as monotherapy as well as in combination with olaparib.
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Vydzhak O, Bender K, Klermund J, Busch A, Reimann S, Luke B. Checkpoint adaptation in recombination-deficient cells drives aneuploidy and resistance to genotoxic agents. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102939. [PMID: 32777450 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human cancers frequently harbour mutations in DNA repair genes, rendering the use of DNA damaging agents as an effective therapeutic intervention. As therapy-resistant cells often arise, it is important to better understand the molecular pathways that drive resistance in order to facilitate the eventual targeting of such processes. We employ recombination-defective diploid yeast as a model to demonstrate that, in response to genotoxic challenges, nearly all cells eventually undergo checkpoint adaptation, resulting in the generation of aneuploid cells with whole chromosome losses that have acquired resistance to the initial genotoxic challenge. We demonstrate that adaptation inhibition, either pharmacologically, or genetically, drastically reduces the occurrence of resistant cells. Additionally, the aneuploid phenotypes of the resistant cells can be specifically targeted to induce cytotoxicity. We provide evidence that TORC1 inhibition with rapamycin, in combination with DNA damaging agents, can prevent both checkpoint adaptation and the continued growth of aneuploid resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vydzhak
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Katharina Bender
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Julia Klermund
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Anke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Stefanie Reimann
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Brian Luke
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
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Zebrafish Xenografts Unveil Sensitivity to Olaparib beyond BRCA Status. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071769. [PMID: 32630796 PMCID: PMC7408583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in BRCA-mutated cells results in an incapacity to repair DNA damage, leading to cell death caused by synthetic lethality. Within the treatment options for advanced triple negative breast cancer, the PARP inhibitor olaparib is only given to patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, these patients may show resistance to this drug and BRCA1/2 wild-type tumors can show a striking sensitivity, making BRCA status a poor biomarker for treatment choice. Aiming to investigate if the zebrafish model can discriminate sensitivities to olaparib, we developed zebrafish xenografts with different BRCA status and measured tumor response to treatment, as well as its impact on angiogenesis and metastasis. When challenged with olaparib, xenografts revealed sensitivity phenotypes independent of BRCA. Moreover, its combination with ionizing radiation increased the cytotoxic effects, showing potential as a combinatorial regimen. In conclusion, we show that the zebrafish xenograft model may be used as a sensitivity profiling platform for olaparib in monotherapy or in combinatorial regimens. Hence, this model presents as a promising option for the future establishment of patient-derived xenografts for personalized medicine approaches beyond BRCA status.
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Guo C, Zhang F, Wu X, Yu X, Wu X, Shi D, Wang L. BTH-8, a novel poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor, causes DNA double-strand breaks and exhibits anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:238-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Brinkman JA, Liu Y, Kron SJ. Small-molecule drug repurposing to target DNA damage repair and response pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:230-241. [PMID: 32113999 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades genotoxic therapy has been a mainstay in the treatment of cancer, based on the understanding that the deregulated growth and genomic instability that drive malignancy also confer a shared vulnerability. Although chemotherapy and radiation can be curative, only a fraction of patients benefit, while nearly all are subjected to the harmful side-effects. Drug repurposing, defined here as retooling existing drugs and compounds as chemo or radiosensitizers, offers an attractive route to identifying otherwise non-toxic agents that can potentiate the benefits of genotoxic cancer therapy to enhance the therapeutic ratio. This review seeks to highlight recent progress in defining cellular mechanisms of the DNA damage response including damage sensing, chromatin modification, DNA repair, checkpoint signaling, and downstream survival and death pathways, as a framework to determine which drugs and natural products may offer the most potential for repurposing as chemo- and/or radiosensitizers. We point to classical examples and recent progress that have identified drugs that disrupt cellular responses to DNA damage and may offer the greatest clinical potential. The most important next steps may be to initiate prospective clinical trials toward translating these laboratory discoveries to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Brinkman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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PARP Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Agent for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancers. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040435. [PMID: 30934991 PMCID: PMC6517993 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) play an important role in various cellular processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Emphasizing PARP's role in facilitating DNA repair, the PARP pathway has been a target for cancer researchers in developing compounds which selectively target cancer cells and increase sensitivity of cancer cells to other anticancer agents, but which also leave normal cells unaffected. Since certain tumors (BRCA1/2 mutants) have deficient homologous recombination repair pathways, they depend on PARP-mediated base excision repair for survival. Thus, inhibition of PARP is a promising strategy to selectively kill cancer cells by inactivating complementary DNA repair pathways. Although PARP inhibitor therapy has predominantly targeted BRCA-mutated cancers, this review also highlights the growing conversation around PARP inhibitor treatment for non-BRCA-mutant tumors, those which exhibit BRCAness and homologous recombination deficiency. We provide an update on the field's progress by considering PARP inhibitor mechanisms, predictive biomarkers, and clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in development. Bringing light to these findings would provide a basis for expanding the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA-mutant breast tumors.
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Augustine T, Maitra R, Zhang J, Nayak J, Goel S. Sensitization of colorectal cancer to irinotecan therapy by PARP inhibitor rucaparib. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:948-960. [PMID: 30612311 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intended to explore synthetic lethality and develop better combinatorial regimens, we screened colorectal cancer (CRC) cells using poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. We studied four PARP inhibitors and three DNA-damaging agents, and their combinations using sulforhodamine B assay. Rucaparib demonstrated the greatest synergy with irinotecan, followed by olaparib and PJ34. Rucaparib and irinotecan was further subjected to detailed examination to determine combination index (CI) and underlying mechanism of action. Effectiveness and sequence dependence of this combination were assessed in microsatellite stable (MSS) and unstable (MSI) CRC and HCT116 isogenic cell lines. The degree of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was determined by FACS. In vivo studies were performed to confirm efficacy of this combination. PAR levels in MSI and PARP expression in MSI and MSS cell lines were diminished upon combinatorial treatment. HCT116 isogenic cells revealed the importance of p21, p53 and PTEN in exerting synergy. In MSI cells, administration of rucaparib prior to irinotecan enhanced cytotoxicity compared to other strategies explored. FACS revealed S-phase arrest and increased late-stage apoptosis in MSS, and G2-M arrest and total and early-stage apoptosis in MSI cells. In in vivo murine xenograft models, a significant reduction in tumor volume and expression of Ki67, pancytokeratin and RPS6KB1, and increase in expression of caspase 3 were observed with the combination. In conclusion, among the various combinations studied, rucaparib plus irinotecan was the most synergistic one. Alterations in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were dependent on MSI status in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titto Augustine
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Radhashree Maitra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jay Nayak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Acquired resistance to an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in an uncommon G719S EGFR mutation. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:999-1005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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