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Di Giorgio E, Benetti R, Kerschbamer E, Xodo L, Brancolini C. Super-enhancer landscape rewiring in cancer: The epigenetic control at distal sites. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:97-148. [PMID: 37657861 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Super-enhancers evolve as elements at the top of the hierarchical control of gene expression. They are important end-gatherers of signaling pathways that control stemness, differentiation or adaptive responses. Many epigenetic regulations focus on these regions, and not surprisingly, during the process of tumorigenesis, various alterations can account for their dysfunction. Super-enhancers are emerging as key drivers of the aberrant gene expression landscape that sustain the aggressiveness of cancer cells. In this review, we will describe and discuss about the structure of super-enhancers, their epigenetic regulation, and the major changes affecting their functionality in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberta Benetti
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuela Kerschbamer
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Xodo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Laboratory of Epigenomics, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.
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ADAMTS1 as potential prognostic biomarker promotes malignant invasion of glioma. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:52-68. [PMID: 36371587 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, which is largely attributed to the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Previous evidence indicated that the matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 was implicated in the process of tumor invasion, but the involvement of ADAMTS1 in glioma malignant invasion remains poorly understood. METHODS The expression and prognosis values of ADAMTS1 were investigated in patients with glioma based on ONCOMINE and GEPIA databases. ADAMTS1 expression of different malignancy grade tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of ADAMTS1 on cell proliferation and invasion were determined by clone formation assay and Transwell migration assay. The animal experiment was performed in an intracranial orthotopic xenograft model by knockout of ADAMTS1. Stemness properties and Notch1-SOX2 pathway were examined in stable ADAMTS1 knockdown GSCs. RESULTS The expression levels of ADAMTS1 were significantly higher in glioma tissues and significantly correlated with the grade of malignancy and prognosis of glioma. Elevated ADAMTS1 expression was associated with SOX2, N-cadherin and the resistance of chemoradiotherapy of glioma patients. ADAMTS1 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice in vivo. Mechanistically, we found a blockade of the migration and invasiveness of GSCs and the expression levels of Notch1 and SOX2 in absence of ADAMTS1. CONCLUSION As a biomarker for prediction of prognosis, ADAMTS1 may affect the invasive phenotype of GSCs by regulating Notch1-SOX2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the invasive growth of glioma.
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Freire-Benéitez V, Pomella N, Millner TO, Dumas AA, Niklison-Chirou MV, Maniati E, Wang J, Rajeeve V, Cutillas P, Marino S. Elucidation of the BMI1 interactome identifies novel regulatory roles in glioblastoma. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab009. [PMID: 34316702 PMCID: PMC8210184 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive intrinsic brain tumour in adults. Epigenetic mechanisms controlling normal brain development are often dysregulated in GBM. Among these, BMI1, a structural component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), which promotes the H2AK119ub catalytic activity of Ring1B, is upregulated in GBM and its tumorigenic role has been shown in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have used protein and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to elucidate the protein composition of PRC1 in GBM and transcriptional silencing of defining interactors in primary patient-derived GIC lines to assess their functional impact on GBM biology. We identify novel regulatory functions in mRNA splicing and cholesterol transport which could represent novel targetable mechanisms in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Freire-Benéitez
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Thomas O Millner
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Anaëlle A Dumas
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AS UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AT, London, UK
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Serrano-Garrido O, Peris-Torres C, Redondo-García S, Asenjo HG, Plaza-Calonge MDC, Fernandez-Luna JL, Rodríguez-Manzaneque JC. ADAMTS1 Supports Endothelial Plasticity of Glioblastoma Cells with Relevance for Glioma Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010044. [PMID: 33396280 PMCID: PMC7823850 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas in general and the more advanced glioblastomas (GBM) in particular are the most usual tumors of the central nervous system with poor prognosis. GBM patients develop resistance to distinct therapies, in part due to the existence of tumor cell subpopulations with stem-like properties that participate in trans-differentiation events. Within the complex tumor microenvironment, the involvement of extracellular proteases remains poorly understood. The extracellular protease ADAMTS1 has already been reported to contribute to the plasticity of cancer cells. Accordingly, this basic knowledge and the current availability of massive sequencing data from human gliomas, reinforced the development of this work. We first performed an in silico study of ADAMTS1 and endothelial markers in human gliomas, providing the basis to further assess these molecules in several primary glioblastoma-initiating cells and established GBM cells with the ability to acquire an endothelial-like phenotype. Using a co-culture approach of endothelial and GBM cells, we noticed a relevant function of ADAMTS1 in GBM cells leading the organization of endothelial-like networks and, even more significantly, we found a blockade of the formation of tumor-spheres and a deficient response to hypoxia in the absence of ADAMTS1. Our data support a chief role of this protease modulating the phenotypic plasticity of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Serrano-Garrido
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Ciudad Universitaria, Panamá 3366, Panama
| | - Carlos Peris-Torres
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
| | - Silvia Redondo-García
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
| | - Helena G. Asenjo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
| | - María del Carmen Plaza-Calonge
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
| | - José Luis Fernandez-Luna
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida Valdecilla, s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Manzaneque
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/Universidad de Granada/Junta de Andalucía, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (O.S.-G.); (C.P.-T.); (S.R.-G.); (H.G.A.); (M.d.C.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500 (ext. 118)
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Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family comprises 19 proteases that regulate the structure and function of extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix and blood. The best characterized cardiovascular role is that of ADAMTS-13 in blood. Moderately low ADAMTS-13 levels increase the risk of ischeamic stroke and very low levels (less than 10%) can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recombinant ADAMTS-13 is currently in clinical trials for treatment of TTP. Recently, new cardiovascular roles for ADAMTS proteases have been discovered. Several ADAMTS family members are important in the development of blood vessels and the heart, especially the valves. A number of studies have also investigated the potential role of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 in cardiovascular disease. They cleave proteoglycans such as versican, which represent major structural components of the arteries. ADAMTS-7 and -8 are attracting considerable interest owing to their implication in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively. Mutations in the ADAMTS19 gene cause progressive heart valve disease and missense variants in ADAMTS6 are associated with cardiac conduction. In this review, we discuss in detail the evidence for these and other cardiovascular roles of ADAMTS family members, their proteolytic substrates and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santamaria
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rens de Groot
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 51 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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Wen YC, Lin YW, Chu CY, Yang YC, Yang SF, Liu YF, Hsiao M, Lee WJ, Chien MH. Melatonin-triggered post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of ADAMTS1 coordinately retard tumorigenesis and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12668. [PMID: 32408377 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family are widely implicated in tissue remodeling events manifested in cancer development. ADAMTS1, the most fully characterized ADAMTS, plays conflicting roles in different cancer types; however, the role of ADAMTS1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Herein, we found that ADAMTS1 is highly expressed in RCC tissues compared to normal renal tissues, and its expression was correlated with an advanced stage and a poor prognosis of RCC patients. In vitro, we observed higher expression of ADAMTS1 in metastatic (m)RCC cells compared to primary cells, and manipulation of ADAMTS1 expression affected cell invasion and clonogenicity. Results from protease array showed that ADAMTS1 is modulated by melatonin through mechanisms independent of the MT1 receptor in mRCC cells, and overexpression of ADAMTS1 relieved the invasion/clonogenicity and growth/metastasis inhibition imposed by melatonin treatment in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft model. The human microRNA (miR) OneArray showed that miR-181d and miR-let-7f were induced by melatonin and, respectively, targeted the 3'-UTR and non-3'-UTR of ADAMTS1 to suppress its expression and mRCC invasive ability. Clinically, RCC patients with high levels of miR-181d or miR-let-7f and a low level of ADAMTS1 had the most favorable prognoses. In addition, ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of ADAMTS1 can also be triggered by melatonin. Together, our study indicates that ADAMTS1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting RCC progression. The novel convergence between melatonin and ADAMTS1 post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation provides new insights into the role of melatonin-induced molecular regulation in suppressing RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen F, Peng P, Zhou Y, Yang ZY, Zhang HQ, Ao XS, Zhou DQ, Xiang CX. A GLO10 score for the prediction of prognosis in high grade gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70899-70906. [PMID: 29050331 PMCID: PMC5642606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common lethal brain tumours and remain great heterogeneity in terms of histopathology and clinical outcomes. Among them, glioblastomas are the most aggressive tumours that lead to a median of less than one-year survival in patients. Despite the little improvement of in diagnosis and treatments for last decades, there is an urgent need for prognostic markers to distinguish high- and low-risk patients before treatment.Here, we generated a list of genes associated with glioblastoma progressions and then performed a comprehensive statistical modelling strategy to derive a 10-gene (GLO10) score from genome wide expression profiles of a large glioblastoma cohort (n=844). Our study demonstrated that the GLO10 score could successfully distinguish high- and low-risk patients with glioblastomas regardless their traditional pathological factors. Validated in four independent cohorts, the utility of GLO10 score could provide clinicians a robust prognostic prediction tool to assess risk levels upfront treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Quan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Ao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Da-Quan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiang Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P. R. China
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Li F, Li Y, Zhang K, Li Y, He P, Liu Y, Yuan H, Lu H, Liu J, Che S, Li Z, Bie L. FBLN4 as candidate gene associated with long-term and short-term survival with primary glioblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:387-395. [PMID: 28144153 PMCID: PMC5248947 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s117165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant and lethal type of primary central nervous system tumor in humans. In spite of its high lethality, a small percentage of patients have a relatively good prognosis, with median survival times of 36 months or longer. The identification of clinical subsets of GBM associated with distinct molecular genetic profiles has made it possible to design therapies tailored to treat individual patients. Methods We compared microarray data sets from long-term survivors (LTSs) and short-term survivors (STSs) to screen for prognostic biomarkers in GBM patients using the WebArrayDB platform. We focused on FBLN4, IGFBP-2, and CHI3L1, all members of a group of 10 of the most promising, differentially regulated gene candidates. Using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded GBM samples, we corroborated the relationship between these genes and patient outcomes using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MGMT methylation status and quantitative reverse transcription PCR for expression of these genes. Results Expression levels of the mRNAs of these 3 genes were higher in the GBM samples than in normal brain samples and these 3 genes were significantly upregulated in STSs compared to the levels in LTS samples (P<0.01). Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the expression patterns of FBLN4 and IGFBP-2 serve as independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report describing FBLN4 as a prognostic factor for GBM patient survival, demonstrating that increased GBM survival time correlates with decreased FBLN4 expression. Understanding FBLN4 expression patterns could aid in the creation of powerful tools to predict clinical prognoses of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Ping He
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine
| | - Honghua Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital
| | - Songtian Che
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Clinical Hospital
| | - Zhenju Li
- Department of Neurosurgery of the Fourth Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bie
- Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical Hospital; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Rodríguez-Manzaneque JC, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Rodríguez-Baena FJ, Iruela-Arispe ML. ADAMTS proteases in vascular biology. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:38-45. [PMID: 25698314 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) proteases comprise the most recently discovered branch of the extracellular metalloenzymes. Research during the last 15years, uncovered their association with a variety of physiological and pathological processes including blood coagulation, tissue repair, fertility, arthritis and cancer. Importantly, a frequent feature of ADAMTS enzymes relates to their effects on vascular-related phenomena, including angiogenesis. Their specific roles in vascular biology have been clarified by information on their expression profiles and substrate specificity. Through their catalytic activity, ADAMTS proteases modify rather than degrade extracellular proteins. They predominantly target proteoglycans and glycoproteins abundant in the basement membrane, therefore their broad contributions to the vasculature should not come as a surprise. Furthermore, in addition to their proteolytic functions, non-enzymatic roles for ADAMTS have also been identified expanding our understanding on the multiple activities of these enzymes in vascular-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, Universidad de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Pickard A, McCance DJ. IGF-Binding Protein 2 - Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:25. [PMID: 25774149 PMCID: PMC4343188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in cancer is unclear. In general, IGFBP2 is considered to be oncogenic and its expression is often observed to be elevated in cancer. However, there are a number of conflicting reports in vitro and in vivo where IGFBP2 acts in a tumor suppressor manner. In this mini-review, we discuss the factors influencing the variation in IGFBP2 expression in cancer and our interpretation of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pickard
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- *Correspondence: Adam Pickard, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT7 9BL, UK e-mail:
| | - Dennis J. McCance
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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