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Ou Y, Wang M, Xu Q, Sun B, Jia Y. Small molecule agents for triple negative breast cancer: Current status and future prospects. Transl Oncol 2024; 41:101893. [PMID: 38290250 PMCID: PMC10840364 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. The number of cases increased by 2.26 million in 2020, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in the world. TNBCs lack hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), which limits treatment options. Currently, paclitaxel-based drugs combined with other chemotherapeutics remain the main treatment for TNBC. There is currently no consensus on the best therapeutic regimen for TNBC. However, there have been successful clinical trials exploring large-molecule monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule targeted drugs, and novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Although monoclonal antibodies have produced clinical success, their large molecular weight can limit therapeutic benefits. It is worth noting that in the past 30 years, the FDA has approved small molecule drugs for HER2-positive breast cancers. The lack of effective targets and the occurrence of drug resistance pose significant challenges in the treatment of TNBC. To improve the prognosis of TNBC, it is crucial to search for effective targets and to overcome drug resistance. This review examines the clinical efficacy, adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, and potential solutions of targeted small molecule drugs in both monotherapies and combination therapies. New therapeutic targets, including nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1) and hedgehog (Hh), are emerging as potential options for researchers and become integrated into clinical trials for TNBC. Additionally, there is growing interest in the potential of targeted protein degradation chimeras (PROTACs), degraders of rogue proteins, as a future therapy direction. This review provides potentially valuable insights with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ou
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengchao Wang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Xu
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Binxu Sun
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Jeruss JS. The Promise of Ongoing Discovery and Growth: 10 Years after Receiving the Jacobson Promising Investigator Award. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:788-792. [PMID: 37466266 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Jeruss
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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3
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Yang C, Wang M, Gong Y, Deng M, Ling Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhou Y. Discovery and identification of a novel PI3K inhibitor with enhanced CDK2 inhibition for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106779. [PMID: 37579621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Blocking the PI3K pathway has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of novel PI3K inhibitors utilizing 7-azaindole-based fragment-oriented growth. Among them, compound FD2056 stands out as the most promising candidate, maintaining potent inhibitory activity against PI3K and enhanced CDK2 inhibition, and showing moderate selectivity among 108 kinases. In cellular assays, the inhibitor FD2056 demonstrated superior anti-proliferative profiles over reference compounds against TNBC cells and significantly increased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, FD2056 showed more efficacious anti-TNBC activity than the corresponding drugs BKM120 and CYC202 at an oral dose of 15 mg/kg in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model, inhibiting tumor growth by 43% with no observable toxic effects. All these results suggest that FD2056 has potential for further development as a promising anticancr compound, and co-targeting PI3K and CDK2 pathways may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yimin Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingli Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Fanta BS, Lenjisa J, Teo T, Kou L, Mekonnen L, Yang Y, Basnet SKC, Hassankhani R, Sykes MJ, Yu M, Wang S. Discovery of N,4-Di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine-Derived CDK2 Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072951. [PMID: 37049714 PMCID: PMC10096391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been garnering considerable interest as a target to develop new cancer treatments and to ameliorate resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, a selective CDK2 inhibitor has yet to be clinically approved. With the desire to discover novel, potent, and selective CDK2 inhibitors, the phenylsulfonamide moiety of our previous lead compound 1 was bioisosterically replaced with pyrazole derivatives, affording a novel series of N,4-di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines that exhibited potent CDK2 inhibitory activity. Among them, 15 was the most potent CDK2 inhibitor (Ki = 0.005 µM) with a degree of selectivity over other CDKs tested. Meanwhile, this compound displayed sub-micromolar antiproliferative activity against a panel of 13 cancer cell lines (GI50 = 0.127–0.560 μM). Mechanistic studies in ovarian cancer cells revealed that 15 reduced the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma at Thr821, arrested cells at the S and G2/M phases, and induced apoptosis. These results accentuate the potential of the N,4-di(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine scaffold to be developed into potent and selective CDK2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Fanta BS, Mekonnen L, Basnet SKC, Teo T, Lenjisa J, Khair NZ, Kou L, Tadesse S, Sykes MJ, Yu M, Wang S. 2-Anilino-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine-derived CDK2 inhibitors as anticancer agents: Design, synthesis & evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117158. [PMID: 36706608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and its activating partners, cyclins A and E, is associated with the pathogenesis of a myriad of human cancers and with resistance to anticancer drugs including CDK4/6 inhibitors. Thus, CDK2 has become an attractive target for the development of new anticancer therapies and for the amelioration of the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Bioisosteric replacement of the thiazole moiety of CDKI-73, a clinically trialled CDK inhibitor, by a pyrazole group afforded 9 and 19 that displayed potent CDK2-cyclin E inhibition (Ki = 0.023 and 0.001 μM, respectively) with submicromolar antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cell lines (GI50 = 0.025-0.780 μM). Mechanistic studies on 19 with HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells revealed that the compound reduced the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma at Ser807/811, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis. These results highlight the potential of the 2-anilino-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine series in developing potent and selective CDK2 inhibitors to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Sintayehu Fanta
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Laychiluh Mekonnen
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Sunita K C Basnet
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Theodosia Teo
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Jimma Lenjisa
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nishat Z Khair
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lianmeng Kou
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Solomon Tadesse
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sykes
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Casey LM, Decker JT, Podojil JR, Rad L, Hughes KR, Rose JA, Pearson RM, Miller SD, Shea LD. Nanoparticle dose and antigen loading attenuate antigen-specific T-cell responses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:284-296. [PMID: 36221192 PMCID: PMC9999438 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated hypersensitivities such as autoimmunity, allergy, and allogeneic graft rejection are treated with therapeutics that suppress the immune system, and the lack of specificity is associated with significant side effects. The delivery of disease-relevant antigens (Ags) by carrier systems such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (PLG-Ag) and carbodiimide (ECDI)-fixed splenocytes (SP-Ag) has demonstrated Ag-specific tolerance induction in model systems of these diseases. Despite therapeutic outcomes by both platforms, tolerance is conferred with different efficacy. This investigation evaluated Ag loading and total particle dose of PLG-Ag on Ag presentation in a coculture system of dendritic cells (DCs) and Ag-restricted T cells, with SP-Ag employed as a control. CD25 expression was observed in nearly all T cells even at low concentrations of PLG-Ag, indicating efficient presentation of Ag by dendritic cells. However, the secretion of IL-2, Th1, and Th2 cytokines (IFNγ and IL-4, respectively) varied depending on PLG-Ag concentration and Ag loading. Concentration escalation of soluble Ag resulted in an increase in IL-2 and IFNγ and a decrease in IL-4. Treatment with PLG-Ag followed a similar trend but with lower levels of IL-2 and IFNγ secreted. Transcriptional Activity CEll ARrays (TRACER) were employed to measure the real-time transcription factor (TF) activity in Ag-presenting DCs. The kinetics and magnitude of TF activity was dependent on the Ag delivery method, concentration, and Ag loading. Ag positively regulated IRF1 activity and, as carriers, NPs and ECDI-treated SP negatively regulated this signaling. The effect of Ag loading and dose on tolerance induction were corroborated in vivo using the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models where a threshold of 8 μg/mg Ag loading and 0.5 mg PLG-Ag dose were required for tolerance. Together, the effect of Ag loading and dosing on in vitro and in vivo immune regulation provide useful insights for translating Ag-carrier systems for the clinical treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M. Casey
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joseph T. Decker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joseph R. Podojil
- Department of Microbiology‐Immunology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagollinoisUSA
| | - Laila Rad
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin R. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Justin A. Rose
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ryan M. Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology‐Immunology, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagollinoisUSA
- Department of Microbiology‐Immunology and the Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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7
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Dong P, Gassler N, Taheri M, Baniahmad A, Dilmaghani NA. A review on the role of cyclin dependent kinases in cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:325. [PMID: 36266723 PMCID: PMC9583502 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) class of serine/threonine kinases has crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle transition and is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. The expression of CDKs is controlled by a complex regulatory network comprised of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which are dysregulated during the progression of cancer. The abnormal activation of CDKs results in uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and the induction of cancer stem cell characteristics. The levels of CDKs can be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment response of cancer patients, and further understanding of the function and underlying mechanisms of CDKs in human tumors would pave the way for future cancer therapies that effectively target CDKs. Defects in the regulation of cell cycle and mutations in the genes coding cell-cycle regulatory proteins lead to unrestrained proliferation of cells leading to formation of tumors. A number of treatment modalities have been designed to combat dysregulation of cell cycle through affecting expression or activity of CDKs. However, effective application of these methods in the clinical settings requires recognition of the role of CDKs in the progression of each type of cancer, their partners, their interactions with signaling pathways and the effects of suppression of these kinases on malignant features. Thus, we designed this literature search to summarize these findings at cellular level, as well as in vivo and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen R, Chen Y, Xiong P, Zheleva D, Blake D, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Plunkett W. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor fadraciclib (CYC065) depletes anti-apoptotic protein and synergizes with venetoclax in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2022; 36:1596-1608. [PMID: 35383271 PMCID: PMC9162916 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fadraciclib (CYC065) is a second-generation aminopurine CDK2/9 inhibitor with increased potency and selectivity toward CDK2 and CDK9 compared to seliciclib (R-roscovitine). In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease that depends on the over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins for its survival, inhibition of CDK9 by fadraciclib reduced phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and blocked transcription in vitro; these actions depleted the intrinsically short-lived anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and induced apoptosis. While the simulated bone marrow and lymph node microenvironments induced Mcl-1 expression and protected CLL cells from apoptosis, these conditions did not prolong the turnover rate of Mcl-1, and fadraciclib efficiently abrogated the protective effect. Further, fadraciclib was synergistic with the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax, inducing more profound CLL cell death, especially in samples with 17p deletion. While fadraciclib, venetoclax, and the combination each had distinct kinetics of cell death induction, their activities were reversible, as no additional cell death was induced upon removal of the drugs. The best combination effects were achieved when both drugs were maintained together. Altogether, this study provides a rationale for the clinical development of fadraciclib in CLL, either alone or in combination with a Bcl-2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Liang H, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Du J, Yang X, Fang H, Hou X. Structure-Based Design of 2-Aminopurine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864342. [PMID: 35592410 PMCID: PMC9110766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) regulates the progression of the cell cycle and is critically associated with tumor growth. Selective CDK2 inhibition provides a potential therapeutic benefit against certain tumors. Purines and related heterocycle (e.g., R-Roscovitine) are important scaffolds in the development of CDK inhibitors. Herein, we designed a new series of 2-aminopurine derivatives based on the fragment-centric pocket mapping analysis of CDK2 crystal structure. Our results indicated that the introduction of polar substitution at the C-6 position of purine would be beneficial for CDK2 inhibition. Among them, compound 11l showed good CDK2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19 nM) and possessed good selectivity against other CDKs. Further in vitro tests indicated that compound 11l possesses anti-proliferation activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation suggested the favorable binding mode of compound 11l, which may serve as a new lead compound for the future development of CDK2 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jintong Du
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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11
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Yang R, Li Y, Wang H, Qin T, Yin X, Ma X. Therapeutic progress and challenges for triple negative breast cancer: targeted therapy and immunotherapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:8. [PMID: 35243562 PMCID: PMC8894518 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer, with estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and progesterone receptor negative. TNBC is characterized by high heterogeneity, high rates of metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of therapeutic targets. Now the treatment of TNBC is still based on surgery and chemotherapy, which is effective only in initial stage but almost useless in advanced stage. And due to the lack of hormone target, hormonal therapies have little beneficial effects. In recent years, signaling pathways and receptor-specific targets have been reported to be effective in TNBC patients under specific clinical conditions. Now targeted therapies have been approved for many other cancers and even other subtypes of breast cancer, but treatment options for TNBC are still limited. Most of TNBC patients showed no response, which may be related to the heterogeneity of TNBC, therefore more effective treatments and predictive biomarkers are needed. In the present review, we summarize potential treatment opinions for TNBC based on the dysregulated receptors and signaling pathways, which play a significant role in multiple stages of TNBC development. We also focus on the application of immunotherapy in TNBC, and summarize the preclinical and clinical trials of therapy for patients with TNBC. We hope to accelerate the research and development of new drugs for TNBC by understanding the relevant mechanisms, and to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yueyi Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China
| | - Taolin Qin
- West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China.
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Qin M, Xin Y, Bian Y, Yang X, Xi T, Xiong J. Phosphorylation-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of PXR through CDK2-TRIM21 Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020264. [PMID: 35053380 PMCID: PMC8773821 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is activated by a variety of endogenous metabolites or xenobiotics. Its downstream target genes are involved in metabolism, inflammation and processes closely related to cancer. However, the stability regulation of PXR protein resulting from post-translational modification is still largely undefined. In the present study, primary mouse hepatocytes, hepatoma HepG2 cells and HEK 293T cells were used to investigate gene expression and protein interactions. The role of kinases was evaluated by RNA interference and overexpression constructs with or without PXR phosphorylation site mutations. The activity of CYP3A4 and P-gp was determined by enzymatic and substrate accumulation assays. It was found that E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of PXR and plays an important role in regulating the activity of PXR. On this basis, PXR phosphorylation-associated kinases were evaluated regarding regulation of the stability of PXR. We found cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) exclusively phosphorylates PXR at Ser350, promotes its disassociation with Hsp90/DNAJC7, and leads to subsequent TRIM21-mediated PXR ubiquitination and degradation. As well-known CDK inhibitors, dinaciclib and kenpaullone stabilize PXR and result in elevated expression and activity of PXR-targeted DMETs, including carboxylesterases, CYP3A4 and P-gp. The suppressed degradation of PXR by CDK2 inhibitors denotes dinaciclib-induced promotion of PXR-targeted genes. The findings of CDK2-mediated PXR degradation indicate a wide range of potential drug–drug interactions during clinical cancer therapy using CDK inhibitors and imply an alternative direction for the development of novel PXR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yong Bian
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Tao Xi
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.Q.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Balandis B, Mickevičius V, Petrikaitė V. Exploration of Benzenesulfonamide-Bearing Imidazole Derivatives Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Melanoma 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1158. [PMID: 34832940 PMCID: PMC8625351 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are one of the main groups of organic compounds possessing wide range of applications in various areas of science and their derivatives are present in many bioactive structures. They display a wide variety of biological activities. Recently, more and more attention has been focused to such heterocyclic compounds as azoles. In this work, we have synthesized a series of new imidazole derivatives incorporating a benzenesulfonamide moiety in their structure, which then were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human malignant melanoma IGR39 cell lines by MTT assay. Benzenesulfonamide-bearing imidazole derivatives containing 4-chloro and 3,4-dichlorosubstituents in benzene ring, and 2-ethylthio and 3-ethyl groups in imidazole ring have been determined as the most active compounds. Half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the most cytotoxic compound was 27.8 ± 2.8 µM against IGR39 cell line and 20.5 ± 3.6 µM against MDA-MB-231 cell line. Compounds reduced cell colony formation of both cell lines and inhibited the growth and viability of IGR39 cell spheroids more efficiently compared to triple-negative breast cancer spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benas Balandis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Shaikh J, Patel K, Khan T. Advances in Pyrazole Based Scaffold as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1197-1215. [PMID: 34711160 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211027104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is one of the initial steps in cell cycle deregulation. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that belong to the protein kinase family. CDK2 is an enchanting target for specific genotypes tumors since cyclin E is selective for CDK2 and the deregulation of specific cancer forms. Thus, CDKs inhibitor specifically CDK2/cyclin A-E has the potential to be a valid cancer target as per the currently undergoing clinical trials. Mostly pyrazole scaffolds have shown selectivity and potency for CDK2 inhibitors. This review demonstrates pyrazole and pyrazole fused with other heterocyclic rings for anti-proliferative activity. Based on the in vitro and molecular docking studies, the IC50 value of various hybrids is revealed to display the most potent analogs for CDK2 inhibition. Thus, the review emphasizes various lead analogs of pyrazole hybrids which can be found to be very potent and selective for anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahara Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
| | - Kavitkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM'S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-56. India
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15
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Ono H, Horinaka M, Sukeno M, Morita M, Yasuda S, Nishimoto E, Konishi E, Sakai T. Novel RAF/MEK inhibitor CH5126766/VS-6766 has efficacy in combination with eribulin for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4166-4175. [PMID: 34288272 PMCID: PMC8486178 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various molecular‐targeting drugs have markedly improved the treatment of patients with breast cancer. As yet, therapies for triple‐negative breast cancer are mainly cytotoxic agents. To investigate the novel therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer, we herein examined the effects of a new combination therapy comprising a RAF/MEK inhibitor CH5126766, also known as VS‐6766, which we originally discovered, and eribulin. The combination of CH5126766 and eribulin potently inhibited cell growth in the triple‐negative breast cancer cell lines tested. The underlying mechanism in the efficacy of this combination treatment in vitro and in vivo was due to enhanced apoptosis through the suppression of survivin and Bcl‐2 family proteins. We also showed the suppressed expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in combination therapy in vivo. We found that combination therapy with eribulin and CH5126766 for triple‐negative breast cancer inhibited cell growth by apoptosis and raised a possibility that immune responses through suppression of PD‐L1 might partially contribute to inhibition of tumor growth, indicating the potential of this combination as a novel strategy for triple‐negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ono
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mamiko Sukeno
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mie Morita
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Satriyo PB, Su CM, Ong JR, Huang WC, Fong IH, Lin CC, Aryandono T, Haryana SM, Deng L, Huang CC, Tzeng YM, Chao TY, Liu HW, Yeh CT. 4-Acetylantroquinonol B induced DNA damage response signaling and apoptosis via suppressing CDK2/CDK4 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115493. [PMID: 33727089 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a more aggressive phenotype and poorer prognosis than hormone receptor (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2 -) subtypes. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6 was successful in patients with advanced metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer, but those with TNBC exhibited low or no response to this therapeutic approach. This study investigated the dual therapeutic targeting of CDK2 and CDK4 by using 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (4-AAQB) against TNBC cells. METHODS We examined the effects of CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 inhibition through 4-AAQB treatment on TNBC cell lines and established an orthotropic xenograft mouse model to confirm the in vitro results of inhibiting CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 by 4-AAQB treatment. RESULTS High expression and alteration of CDK2 and CDK4 but not CDK6 significantly correlated with poor overall survival of patients with breast cancer. CDK2 and CDK4 were positively correlated with damage in DNA replication and repair pathways. Docking results indicated that 4-AAQB was bound to CDK2 and CDK4 with high affinity. Treatment of TNBC cells with 4-AAQB suppressed the expression of CDK2 and CDK4 in vitro. Additionally, 4-AAQB induced cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in TNBC cells. In vivo study results confirmed that the anticancer activity of 4-AAQB suppressed tumor growth through the inhibition of CDK2 and CDK4. CONCLUSION The expression level of CDK2 and CDK4 and DNA damage response (DDR) signaling are prominent in TNBC cell cycle regulation. Thus, 4-AAQB is a potential agent for targeting CDK2/4 and DDR in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamungkas Bagus Satriyo
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chih Ming Su
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiann Ruey Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Teguh Aryandono
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Department of Histology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Amoy-BUCT Industrial Bio-Technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, China
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Chao
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Liu
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
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17
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Suski JM, Braun M, Strmiska V, Sicinski P. Targeting cell-cycle machinery in cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:759-778. [PMID: 33891890 PMCID: PMC8206013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal activity of the core cell-cycle machinery is seen in essentially all tumor types and represents a driving force of tumorigenesis. Recent studies revealed that cell-cycle proteins regulate a wide range of cellular functions, in addition to promoting cell division. With the clinical success of CDK4/6 inhibitors, it is becoming increasingly clear that targeting individual cell-cycle components may represent an effective anti-cancer strategy. Here, we discuss the potential of inhibiting different cell-cycle proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Suski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Vladislav Strmiska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Triazole Linked 1,4‐Dihydropyridine‐isatin Scaffolds as Potent Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Kawakami M, Mustachio LM, Chen Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Wei CH, Roszik J, Kittai AS, Danilov AV, Zhang X, Fang B, Wang J, Heymach JV, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Freemantle SJ, Kurie JM, Liu X, Dmitrovsky E. A Novel CDK2/9 Inhibitor CYC065 Causes Anaphase Catastrophe and Represses Proliferation, Tumorigenesis, and Metastasis in Aneuploid Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:477-489. [PMID: 33277443 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) antagonism inhibits clustering of excessive centrosomes at mitosis, causing multipolar cell division and apoptotic death. This is called anaphase catastrophe. To establish induced anaphase catastrophe as a clinically tractable antineoplastic mechanism, induced anaphase catastrophe was explored in different aneuploid cancers after treatment with CYC065 (Cyclacel), a CDK2/9 inhibitor. Antineoplastic activity was studied in preclinical models. CYC065 treatment augmented anaphase catastrophe in diverse cancers including lymphoma, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers, despite KRAS oncoprotein expression. Anaphase catastrophe was a broadly active antineoplastic mechanism. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs) revealed that along with known CDK2/9 targets, focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylation that regulate metastasis were each repressed by CYC065 treatment. Intriguingly, CYC065 treatment decreased lung cancer metastases in in vivo murine models. CYC065 treatment also significantly reduced the rate of lung cancer growth in syngeneic murine and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models independent of KRAS oncoprotein expression. Immunohistochemistry analysis of CYC065-treated lung cancer PDX models confirmed repression of proteins highlighted by RPPAs, implicating them as indicators of CYC065 antitumor response. Phospho-histone H3 staining detected anaphase catastrophe in CYC065-treated PDXs. Thus, induced anaphase catastrophe after CYC065 treatment can combat aneuploid cancers despite KRAS oncoprotein expression. These findings should guide future trials of this novel CDK2/9 inhibitor in the cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zibo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wei
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adam S Kittai
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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21
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Islam R, Lam KW. Recent progress in small molecule agents for the targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Decker JT, Kandagatla P, Wan L, Bernstein R, Ma JA, Shea LD, Jeruss JS. Cyclin E overexpression confers resistance to trastuzumab through noncanonical phosphorylation of SMAD3 in HER2+ breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:994-1004. [PMID: 33054513 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1818518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of trastuzumab, a treatment for HER2+ breast cancer, can be limited by the development of resistance. Cyclin E (CCNE) overexpression has been implicated in trastuzumab resistance. We sought to uncover a potential mechanism for this trastuzumab resistance and focused on a model of CCNE overexpressing HER2+ breast cancer and noncanonical phosphorylation of the TGF-β signaling protein, SMAD3. Network analysis of transcriptional activity in a HER2+, CCNE overexpressing, trastuzumab-resistant cell line (BT474R2) identified decreased SMAD3 activity was associated with treatment resistance. Immunoblotting showed SMAD3 expression was significantly downregulated in BT474R2 cells (p < .01), and noncanonical phosphorylation of SMAD3 was increased in these CCNE-overexpressing cells. Also, in response to CDK2 inhibition, expression patterns linked to restored canonical SMAD3 signaling, including decreased cMyc and increased cyclin-dependent inhibitor, p15, were identified. The BT474R2 cell line was modified through overexpression of SMAD3 (BT474R2-SMAD3), a mutant construct resistant to CCNE-mediated noncanonical phosphorylation of SMAD3 (BT474R2-5M), and a control (BT474R2-Blank). In vitro studies examining the response to trastuzumab showed increased sensitivity to treatment for BT474R2-5M cells. These findings were then validated in NSG mice inoculated with BT474R2-5M cells or BT474R2 control cells. After treatment with trastuzumab, the NSG mice inoculated with BT474R2-5M cells developed significantly lower tumor volumes (p < .001), when compared to mice inoculated with BT474R2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that for patients with HER2+ breast cancer, a mechanism of CCNE-mediated trastuzumab resistance, regulated through noncanonical SMAD3 phosphorylation, could be treated with CDK2 inhibition to help enhance the efficacy of trastuzumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pridvi Kandagatla
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Regan Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Wu SY, Wang H, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Triple-negative breast cancer: new treatment strategies in the era of precision medicine. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:372-388. [PMID: 32803712 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most aggressive cluster of all breast cancers, which is due to its rapid progression, high probabilities of early recurrence, and distant metastasis resistant to standard treatment. Following the advances in cancer genomics and transcriptomics that can illustrate the comprehensive profiling of this heterogeneous disease, it is now possible to identify different subclasses of TNBC according to both intrinsic signals and extrinsic microenvironment, which have a huge influence on predicting response to established therapies and picking up novel therapeutic targets for each cluster. In this review, we summarize basic characteristics and critical subtyping systems of TNBC, and particularly discuss newly found prospective targets and relevant medications, which were proved promising in clinical trials, thus shedding light on the future development of precision treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Zhu J, Muskhelishvili L, Tong W, Borlak J, Chen M. Cancer genomics predicts disease relapse and therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of hormone sensitive breast cancers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8188. [PMID: 32424219 PMCID: PMC7235228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies provide insight into the landscape of breast cancer genomics with the genomic characterization of tumors offering exceptional opportunities in defining therapies tailored to the patient's specific need. However, translating genomic data into personalized treatment regimens has been hampered partly due to uncertainties in deviating from guideline based clinical protocols. Here we report a genomic approach to predict favorable outcome to treatment responses thus enabling personalized medicine in the selection of specific treatment regimens. The genomic data were divided into a training set of N = 835 cases and a validation set consisting of 1315 hormone sensitive, 634 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 1365 breast cancer patients with information on neoadjuvant chemotherapy responses. Patients were selected by the following criteria: estrogen receptor (ER) status, lymph node invasion, recurrence free survival. The k-means classification algorithm delineated clusters with low- and high- expression of genes related to recurrence of disease; a multivariate Cox's proportional hazard model defined recurrence risk for disease. Classifier genes were validated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarray sections containing both normal and cancerous tissues and by evaluating findings deposited in the human protein atlas repository. Based on the leave-on-out cross validation procedure of 4 independent data sets we identified 51-genes associated with disease relapse and selected 10, i.e. TOP2A, AURKA, CKS2, CCNB2, CDK1 SLC19A1, E2F8, E2F1, PRC1, KIF11 for in depth validation. Expression of the mechanistically linked disease regulated genes significantly correlated with recurrence free survival among ER-positive and triple negative breast cancer patients and was independent of age, tumor size, histological grade and node status. Importantly, the classifier genes predicted pathological complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001) with high expression of these genes being associated with an improved therapeutic response toward two different anthracycline-taxane regimens; thus, highlighting the prospective for precision medicine. Our study demonstrates the potential of classifier genes to predict risk for disease relapse and treatment response to chemotherapies. The classifier genes enable rational selection of patients who benefit best from a given chemotherapy thus providing the best possible care. The findings encourage independent clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiang Zhu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA
| | - Levan Muskhelishvili
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Minjun Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, 72079, USA.
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25
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Gorski JW, Ueland FR, Kolesar JM. CCNE1 Amplification as a Predictive Biomarker of Chemotherapy Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050279. [PMID: 32380689 PMCID: PMC7277958 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most-deadly gynecologic malignancy, with greater than 14,000 women expected to succumb to the disease this year in the United States alone. In the front-line setting, patients are treated with a platinum and taxane doublet. Although 40–60% of patients achieve complete clinical response to first-line chemotherapy, 25% are inherently platinum-resistant or refractory with a median overall survival of about one year. More than 80% of women afflicted with ovarian cancer will recur. Many attempts have been made to understand the mechanism of platinum and taxane based chemotherapy resistance. However, despite decades of research, few predictive markers of chemotherapy resistance have been identified. Here, we review the current understanding of one of the most common genetic alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer, CCNE1 (cyclin E1) amplification, and its role as a potential predictive marker of cytotoxic chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification has been identified as a primary oncogenic driver in a subset of high grade serous ovarian cancer that have an unmet clinical need. Understanding the interplay between cyclin E1 amplification and other common ovarian cancer genetic alterations provides the basis for chemotherapeutic resistance in CCNE1 amplified disease. Exploration of the effect of cyclin E1 amplification on the cellular machinery that causes dysregulated proliferation in cancer cells has allowed investigators to explore promising targeted therapies that provide the basis for emerging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Gorski
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0263, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frederick R. Ueland
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0263, USA;
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40539-0596, USA;
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26
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Chao TY, Satriyo P, Yeh CT, Chen JH, Aryandono T, Haryana S. Dual therapeutic strategy targeting tumor cells and tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_13_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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Tadesse S, Anshabo AT, Portman N, Lim E, Tilley W, Caldon CE, Wang S. Targeting CDK2 in cancer: challenges and opportunities for therapy. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:406-413. [PMID: 31839441 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) plays a pivotal part in cell cycle regulation and is involved in a range of biological processes. CDK2 interacts with and phosphorylates proteins in pathways such as DNA damage, intracellular transport, protein degradation, signal transduction, DNA and RNA metabolism and translation. CDK2 and its regulatory subunits are deregulated in many human cancers and there is emerging evidence suggesting CDK2 inhibition elicits antitumor activity in a subset of tumors with defined genetic features. Previous CDK2 inhibitors were nonspecific and limited by off-target effects. The development of new-generation CDK2 inhibitors represents a therapeutic opportunity for CDK2-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Departement of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel T Anshabo
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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28
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Fedele P, Sanna V, Fancellu A, Cinieri S. A clinical evaluation of treatments that target cell cycle machinery in breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:2305-2315. [PMID: 31610139 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1672659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, “Antonio Perrino” Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Valeria Sanna
- Medical Oncology, Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fancellu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences. Unit of General Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, “Antonio Perrino” Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
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29
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Pizzuti L, Krasniqi E, Barchiesi G, Mazzotta M, Barba M, Amodio A, Massimiani G, Pelle F, Kayal R, Vizza E, Grassadonia A, Tomao S, Venuti A, Gamucci T, Marchetti P, Natoli C, Sanguineti G, Ciliberto G, Vici P. Eribulin in Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Critic Interpretation of Current Evidence and Projection for Future Scenarios. J Cancer 2019; 10:5903-5914. [PMID: 31762800 PMCID: PMC6856581 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by distinctive biological features that confer an aggressive clinical behavior. In TNBC patients, the absence of well-defined driver pathways such as hormonal receptor expression or hyperactivation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) significantly reduce the spectrum of therapeutic options, which are currently mainly confined to chemotherapy. Thus far, median overall survival for patients with metastatic TNBC is about 9-12 months with conventional cytotoxic agents. However, the heterogeneity recently revealed at a gene expression level inside the TNBC family may help inform therapeutic decisions concerning the use of chemotherapy and hopefully lead the way to novel targeted options that include immunotherapy. Eribulin, a halichondrin class antineoplastic drug, is currently recommended for treatment of HER2 negative metastatic or recurrent breast cancer (BC) previously exposed to anthracyclines and taxanes, also for patients with a TNBC. It is currently indicated from the second line of treatment. In this review, we aim to analyze a wide range of cumulated evidence on eribulin use in TNBC including preclinical studies, intervention and observational clinical trials. Data from the real-world setting and the emerging evidence increasingly substantiating the rationale for combinations with new generation treatment strategies, e.g., PARP-inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Eriseld Krasniqi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Barchiesi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Amodio
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Massimiani
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pelle
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramy Kayal
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Department, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-Unit-UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction , IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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30
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Casey LM, Kakade S, Decker JT, Rose JA, Deans K, Shea LD, Pearson RM. Cargo-less nanoparticles program innate immune cell responses to toll-like receptor activation. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119333. [PMID: 31301576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing biomaterials to control the responsiveness of innate immune cells represents a clinically relevant approach to treat diseases with an underlying inflammatory basis, such as sepsis. Sepsis can involve activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which activates numerous inflammatory pathways. The breadth of this inflammation has limited the efficacy of pharmacological interventions that target a single molecular pathway. Here, we developed cargo-less particles as a single-agent, multi-target platform to elicit broad anti-inflammatory action against innate immune cells challenged by multiple TLR agonists. The particles, prepared from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), displayed potent molecular weight-, polymer composition-, and charge-dependent immunomodulatory properties, including downregulation of TLR-induced costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine secretion. Particles prepared using the anionic surfactant poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (PEMA) significantly blunted the responses of antigen presenting cells to TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide) and TLR9 (CpG-ODN) agonists, demonstrating broad inhibitory activity to both extracellular and intracellular TLR ligands. Interestingly, particles prepared using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a neutrally-charged surfactant, only marginally inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretions. The biochemical pathways modulated by particles were investigated using TRanscriptional Activity CEll aRrays (TRACER), which implicated IRF1, STAT1, and AP-1 in the mechanism of action for PLA-PEMA particles. Using an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, administration of PLA-PEMA particles prior to or following a lethal challenge resulted in significantly improved mean survival. Cargo-less particles affect multiple biological pathways involved in the development of inflammatory responses by innate immune cells and represent a potentially promising therapeutic strategy to treat severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam M Casey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sandeep Kakade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Justin A Rose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Kyle Deans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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31
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Tadesse S, Caldon EC, Tilley W, Wang S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4233-4251. [PMID: 30543440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) drives the progression of cells into the S- and M-phases of the cell cycle. CDK2 activity is largely dispensable for normal development, but it is critically associated with tumor growth in multiple cancer types. Although the role of CDK2 in tumorigenesis has been controversial, emerging evidence proposes that selective CDK2 inhibition may provide a therapeutic benefit against certain tumors, and it continues to appeal as a strategy to exploit in anticancer drug development. Several small-molecule CDK2 inhibitors have progressed to the clinical trials. However, a CDK2-selective inhibitor is yet to be discovered. Here, we discuss the latest understandings of the role of CDK2 in normal and cancer cells, review the core pharmacophores used to target CDK2, and outline strategies for the rational design of CDK2 inhibitors. We attempt to provide an outlook on how CDK2-selective inhibitors may open new avenues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre , Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , UNSW Sydney , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
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32
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Matutino A, Amaro C, Verma S. CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer: beyond hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative disease. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918818346. [PMID: 30619511 PMCID: PMC6299331 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918818346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors has been more prominent in hormone receptor (HR)-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancers, with a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) in first and later lines of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) therapy. Preclinical evidence suggests that there is activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in nonluminal cell lines. Here, we present a review of the current preclinical and clinical data on the use of CDK inhibitors in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Matutino
- Medical Oncology Department, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Carla Amaro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sunil Verma
- Medical Oncology Department, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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33
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Foidart P, Yip C, Radermacher J, Blacher S, Lienard M, Montero-Ruiz L, Maquoi E, Montaudon E, Château-Joubert S, Collignon J, Coibion M, Jossa V, Marangoni E, Noël A, Sounni NE, Jerusalem G. Expression of MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Strongly Sensitizes Tumors to Erlotinib and Palbociclib Combination Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1838-1850. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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