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Mobarra N, Gholamalizadeh H, Abdulhussein KA, Raji S, Taheri Asl F, Mirvahabi MS, Rafiee M, Pakzad R. Serum level and tumor tissue expression of Ribonucleotide-diphosphate Reductase subunit M2 B: a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3657-3663. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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2
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Long MJC, Ly P, Aye Y. Still no Rest for the Reductases: Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) Structure and Function: An Update. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:155-197. [PMID: 36151376 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a multidisciplinary discussion of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the essential enzyme uniquely responsible for conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. This chapter primarily presents an overview of this multifaceted and complex enzyme, covering RNR's role in enzymology, biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and cell biology. It further focuses on RNR from mammals, whose interesting and often conflicting roles in health and disease are coming more into focus. We present pitfalls that we think have not always been dealt with by researchers in each area and further seek to unite some of the field-specific observations surrounding this enzyme. Our work is thus not intended to cover any one topic in extreme detail, but rather give what we consider to be the necessary broad grounding to understand this critical enzyme holistically. Although this is an approach we have advocated in many different areas of scientific research, there is arguably no other single enzyme that embodies the need for such broad study than RNR. Thus, we submit that RNR itself is a paradigm of interdisciplinary research that is of interest from the perspective of the generalist and the specialist alike. We hope that the discussions herein will thus be helpful to not only those wanting to tackle RNR-specific problems, but also those working on similar interdisciplinary projects centering around other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, UNIL, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Phillippe Ly
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPFL SB ISIC LEAGO, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- EPFL SB ISIC LEAGO, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Zhang X, Dong W, Zhang J, Liu W, Yin J, Shi D, Ma W. A Novel Mitochondrial-Related Nuclear Gene Signature Predicts Overall Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740487. [PMID: 34760888 PMCID: PMC8573348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the main histological subtypes. Mitochondria are vital for maintaining the physiological function, and their dysfunction has been found to be correlated with tumorigenesis and disease progression. Although, some mitochondrial-related genes have been found to correlate with the clinical outcomes of multiple tumors solely. The integrated relationship between nuclear mitochondrial genes (NMGs) and the prognosis of LUAD remains unclear. Methods: The list of NMGs, gene expression data, and related clinical information of LUAD were downloaded from public databases. Bioinformatics methods were used and obtained 18 prognostic related NMGs to construct a risk signature. Results: There were 18 NMGs (NDUFS2, ATP8A2, SCO1, COX14, COA6, RRM2B, TFAM, DARS2, GARS, YARS2, EFG1, GFM1, MRPL3, MRPL44, ISCU, CABC1, HSPD1, and ETHE1) identified by LASSO regression analysis. The mRNA expression of these 18 genes was positively correlated with their relative linear copy number alteration (CNA). Meanwhile, the established risk signature could effectively distinguish high- and low-risk patients, and its predictive capacity was validated in three independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) cohorts. Notably, a significantly lower prevalence of actionable EGFR alterations was presented in patients with high-risk NMGs signature but accompanied with a more inflame immune tumor microenvironment. Additionally, multicomponent Cox regression analysis showed that the model was stable when risk score, tumor stage, and lymph node stage were considered, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUC were 0.74, 0.75, and 0.70, respectively. Conclusion: Together, this study established a signature based on NMGs that is a prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients and has the potential to be widely applied in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Zhang
- Department of General Thoracic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of General Thoracic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- Department of General Thoracic, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Feicheng, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Department of General Thoracic, Shenxian County People's Hospital of Shandong Provincial Group, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Department of General Thoracic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Duozhi Shi
- Lifehealthcare Clinical Laboratories, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of General Thoracic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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4
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Liu HH, Lee CH, Hsieh YC, Hsu DW, Cho EC. Multiple myeloma driving factor WHSC1 is a transcription target of oncogene HMGA2 that facilitates colon cancer proliferation and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 567:183-189. [PMID: 34166916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common human cancer worldwide. The survival rate of late staged or metastatic colon cancer patients remains low even though the effectiveness of treatment in colon cancer has greatly improved. Research on tumorigenesis mechanisms and discovery of novel molecular target for treating colon cancer is critical. The promotion roles of WHSC1 in multiple myeloma have been demonstrated previously, yet, the regulation of WHSC1 in other cancers is largely unknown, especially in colon cancer. Here, in this study, we analyzed and identified WHSC1 while studying the genetic regulations of HMGA2 in colon cancer cells by microarray analysis, and investigated the HMGA2-WHSC1 interaction. We then applied CRISPR technology to establish stable WHSC1 knockout cells, to address the functional regulation of WHSC1 in colon cancer. In summary, our results for the first time identified the HMGA2-WHSC1 interaction in colon cancer. Moreover, we discovered that WHSC1 promotes cancer proliferation, facilitates resistance of chemotherapy agent, and promotes metastatic capacity of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Hsien Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Master Program in Applied Molecular Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 62 Shenjhong Road, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung 82444, Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Yang T, Li Y, Zhao F, Zhou L, Jia R. Circular RNA Foxo3: A Promising Cancer-Associated Biomarker. Front Genet 2021; 12:652995. [PMID: 33833780 PMCID: PMC8021895 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play crucial roles in many biological processes by regulating linear RNA transcription, downstream gene expression and protein or peptide translation. Meanwhile, recent studies have suggested that circRNAs have the potential to be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic and play vital regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Circular RNA Forkhead box O3 (circ-Foxo3, hsa_circ_0006404) is encoded by the human FOXO3 gene and is one of the most studied circular RNAs acting as a sponge for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (Du et al., 2016). Previous studies have reported that circ-Foxo3 is involved in the development and tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers (bladder, gastric, acute lymphocytic leukemia, glioma, etc.). In this review, we summarize the current studies concerning circ-Foxo3 deregulation and the correlative mechanism in various human cancers. We also point out the potential clinical applications of this circRNA as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Iqbal W, Demidova EV, Serrao S, ValizadehAslani T, Rosen G, Arora S. RRM2B Is Frequently Amplified Across Multiple Tumor Types: Implications for DNA Repair, Cellular Survival, and Cancer Therapy. Front Genet 2021; 12:628758. [PMID: 33868369 PMCID: PMC8045241 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RRM2B plays a crucial role in DNA replication, repair and oxidative stress. While germline RRM2B mutations have been implicated in mitochondrial disorders, its relevance to cancer has not been established. Here, using TCGA studies, we investigated RRM2B alterations in cancer. We found that RRM2B is highly amplified in multiple tumor types, particularly in MYC-amplified tumors, and is associated with increased RRM2B mRNA expression. We also observed that the chromosomal region 8q22.3–8q24, is amplified in multiple tumors, and includes RRM2B, MYC along with several other cancer-associated genes. An analysis of genes within this 8q-amplicon showed that cancers that have both RRM2B-amplified along with MYC have a distinct pattern of amplification compared to cancers that are unaltered or those that have amplifications in RRM2B or MYC only. Investigation of curated biological interactions revealed that gene products of the amplified 8q22.3–8q24 region have important roles in DNA repair, DNA damage response, oxygen sensing, and apoptosis pathways and interact functionally. Notably, RRM2B-amplified cancers are characterized by mutation signatures of defective DNA repair and oxidative stress, and at least RRM2B-amplified breast cancers are associated with poor clinical outcome. These data suggest alterations in RR2MB and possibly the interacting 8q-proteins could have a profound effect on regulatory pathways such as DNA repair and cellular survival, highlighting therapeutic opportunities in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Iqbal
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University College of Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elena V Demidova
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Samantha Serrao
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taha ValizadehAslani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gail Rosen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li P. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential clinical value of circFoxo3 in cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:908-917. [PMID: 33614239 PMCID: PMC7868936 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed circular structures that can function in various physiological and pathological processes by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, RNA-binding protein (RBP) sponges, mRNA transcriptional regulators, and protein translational templates. circFoxo3 is one of the most studied circRNAs and is generated from the tumor suppressor gene Foxo3. Increasing studies have demonstrated the multiple functions of circFoxo3 in the pathogenesis of different cancer types. circFoxo3 plays important roles in cancer development mainly by binding to various miRNAs. The diagnostic potential of circFoxo3 has been revealed in several cancers. Some research results have been found to contradict the results of other studies, and this may be due to insufficient sample sizes and inconsistencies in the experimental and nomenclature methods. In this review, we systematically summarize current knowledge about the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs, elucidate the roles of circFoxo3 in different cancers, and explore the clinical applications of circFoxo3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, NO38 DengZhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, NO38 DengZhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, NO38 DengZhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School for Life Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, NO38 DengZhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
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8
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Drula R, Braicu C, Harangus A, Nabavi SM, Trif M, Slaby O, Ionescu C, Irimie A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Critical function of circular RNAs in lung cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1592. [PMID: 32180372 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death in the world, especially due to its frequency and ineffective therapeutically approaches in the late stages of the disease. Despite the recent advent of promising new targeted therapies, lung cancer diagnostic strategies still have difficulty in identifying the disease at an early stage. Therefore, the characterizations of more sensible and specific cancer biomarkers have become an important goal for clinicians. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of RNA with covalently closed continuous loop structures that display high structural resistance and tissue specificity pointed toward a potential biomarker role. Current investigations have identified that circRNAs have a prominent function in the regulation of oncogenic pathways, by regulating gene expression both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. The aim of this review is to provide novel information regarding the implications of circRNAs in lung cancer, with an emphasis on the role in disease development and progression. Initially, we explored the potential utility of circRNAs as biomarkers, focusing on function, mechanisms, and correlation with disease progression in lung cancer. Further, we will describe the interaction between circRNAs and other non-coding species of RNA (particularly microRNA) and their biological significance in lung cancer. Describing the nature of these interactions and their therapeutic potential will provide additional insight regarding the altered molecular landscape of lung cancer and consolidate the potential clinical value of these circular transcripts. This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares Drula
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonia Harangus
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Leon Daniello" Pneumology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Calin Ionescu
- 5th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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9
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Circular RNAs: pivotal molecular regulators and novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2875-2889. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Kang MA, Lee J, Ha SH, Lee CM, Kim KM, Jang KY, Park SH. Interleukin4Rα (IL4Rα) and IL13Rα1 Are Associated with the Progress of Renal Cell Carcinoma through Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091394. [PMID: 31540495 PMCID: PMC6770213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific kinds of interleukin (IL) receptors are known to mediate lymphocyte proliferation and survival. However, recent reports have suggested that the high expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in tumor tissue might be associated with tumorigenesis in several kinds of tumor. We found that a significant association between mRNA level of IL4Rα or IL13Rα1 and the poor prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the public database (http://www.oncolnc.org/). Then, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of the immunohistochemical expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in 199 clear cell RCC (CCRCC) patients. The individual and co-expression patterns of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated IL4Rα-positivity and co-expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 as the independent indicators of shorter CSS and RFS of CCRCC patients. For the in vitro evaluation of the oncogenic role of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in RCC, we knock-downed IL4Rα or IL13Rα1 and observed that the cell proliferation rate was decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased in A498 and ACHN cells. Furthermore, we examined the possible role of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), well-known down-stream tyrosine kinase under the heterodimeric receptor complex of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1. Interestingly, JAK2 interacted with Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) to cause tyrosine-phosphorylation of FOXO3. Silencing IL4Rα or JAK2 in A498 and ACHN cells reduced the interaction between JAK2 and FOXO3. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 induced the nuclear localization of FOXO3, leading to increase apoptosis and decrease cell proliferation rate in A498 and ACHN cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 might be involved in the progression of RCC through JAK2/FOXO3 pathway, and their expression might be used as the novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Korea.
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Zhou J, Zhou LY, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhai LL, Yi YY, Yi J, Lin J, Qian J, Deng ZQ. Circ-Foxo3 is positively associated with the Foxo3 gene and leads to better prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:930. [PMID: 31533653 PMCID: PMC6751826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Foxo3 gene, belonging to the forkhead family, is one of the classes of transcription factors characterized by a forkhead DNA-binding domain, which usually considered being a cancer suppressor gene. Circ-Foxo3 is a circular structure which connects the 3’end to the 5’end. Scholars detected that circ-Foxo3 could compete with Foxo3 for binding to some miRNAs. Methods In this study, we will test the expression of Foxo3 and circ-Foxo3 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the relationship between Foxo3 gene and circ-Foxo3. All the de novo AML samples and normal control samples was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to differentiate AML patients from control people. Association of Foxo3 expression and overall survival was conducted by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results We found that the expression of Foxo3 gene in de novo patients was significantly lower than control samples (P = 0.009). Meanwhile, circ-Foxo3 also expressed lower in de novo AML patients than in control samples (P = 0.040). In different classifications, this trend could be observed more remarkably. In non-M3 patients, the Foxo3 high patients’ survival time was longer than Foxo3 low patients (P = 0.002). Besides, in non-favorable risk groups, patients with low expression of Foxo3 had longer survival time than Foxo3 high patients (P = 0.004). Furthermore, in normal Karyotypic patients, the overall survival time of patients with high-expressed Foxo3 was significantly longer than those with low expression (P = 0.034). Besides, Pearson analysis was also conducted between these two genes in AML patients. Results revealed that they were positively correlated (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, we found that low expression of circ-Foxo3 and Foxo3 were frequent in AML patients, and patients with high expression of Foxo3 often had a trend of better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yun Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lee KC, Chen YL, Wang CC, Huang JH, Cho EC. Refluxed Esterification of Fullerene-Conjugated P25 TiO 2 Promotes Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Facilitates Antiaging Potentials in Human Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:311-319. [PMID: 30540433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanomaterials have good capability to prevent human cells from damage under UV irradiation. However, some studies indicated that the nanoscale of titanium dioxide could potentially cause harmful effects such as free radical generation under UV irradiation and thereby accelerate the progress of cell aging. Fullerenes can scavenge large amounts of free radicals due to the fact that fullerenes contain enormous amount of π electrons with low lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, but its adverse properties, such as the poor solubility in water, restricted the applicability. In this study, we employed water-soluble carboxylic acid fullerenes (C60-COOH and C70-COOH) as the free radical scavenger and modify onto the surface of titanium dioxide by refluxed esterification (P25/C60-COOH or C70-COOH) technique. The conformation and properties of these nanomaterials were characterized by techniques and equipment such as X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We also introduced methylene blue and rhodamine B as indicators to evaluate and demonstrate the scavenging capacity of these nanomaterials. Moreover, we examined the biocompatibility and UV protection capacity of our P25/fullerene composites in human 293T cells, and applied luciferase activity assay to investigate the possible underlying cell protection mechanisms exhibited by these nanomaterials. Our data indicate that both P25/C60-COOH and P25/C70-COOH could protect human cells against UV exposure. P25/C70-COOH exhibits great anti-inflammation capacity, whereas P25/C60-COOH exhibits great anti-oxidative stress and anti-DNA damage capacity. Our results suggest that most of our P25/fullerene composite materials have the ability to reduce free radicals and exhibit high biomedical potential in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-aging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Chan Lee
- Department of Science Education , National Taipei University of Education , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Science Education , National Taipei University of Education , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Green Material Technology, Green Technology Research Institute , CPC Corporation , Kaohsiung 81126 , Taiwan
| | - Er-Chieh Cho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110 , Taiwan
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13
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Yu CY, Chang WC, Zheng JH, Hung WH, Cho EC. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes tumorigenesis and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulation in colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:901-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Ren L, Zhao Y, Huo X, Wu X. MiR-155-5p promotes fibroblast cell proliferation and inhibits FOXO signaling pathway in vulvar lichen sclerosis by targeting FOXO3 and CDKN1B. Gene 2018; 653:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhang L. Identification of the tumor‑suppressive function of circular RNA FOXO3 in non‑small cell lung cancer through sponging miR‑155. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7692-7700. [PMID: 29620202 PMCID: PMC5983971 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that have been demonstrated to be potential regulators in the development and progression of various types of human cancer. However, little is known about their roles in cancer initiation and progression, particular in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, the expression level of circRNA-forkhead box O3 class (FOXO3) in NSCLC specimens was determined and its functional role was investigated in NSCLC cells. By performing Taq-man based RT-qPCR, it was identified that circRNA-FOXO3 was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Receiver operating curve analysis indicated that circRNA-FOXO3 had a relatively higher diagnostic accuracy. The functional relevance was further examined by biological assays. circRNA-FOXO3 significantly promoted the ability of cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. The linear isomer of circRNA-FOXO3, FOXO3 gene, was identified as a downstream target. RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that circRNA-FOXO3 sequestering miR-155, which further promoted linear FOXO3 expression. In addition, gain and loss functional assays indicated that circRNA-FOXO3 served an anti-oncogenic role through sequestering miR-155 and enhancing FOXO3 expression. These results suggest that circRNA-FOXO3 is a tumor-suppressor in NSCLC and may serve as a promising therapeutic target. Therefore, restoration of circRNA-FOXO3 expression could be a future approach to develop a novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhang
- Department of Emergency Respiratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Health Checkup Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Lichuan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Respiratory, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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16
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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17
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Yu DS, Chen YT, Wu CL, Yu CP. Expression of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 in bladder cancer and its correlation with clinicopathology and tumor recurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11069-11074. [PMID: 31966454 PMCID: PMC6965874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survey for more accurate biomarkers for predicting and preventing the future recurrence in high risk patients is urgently needed. The transcription factor forkhead box-O3 (FOXO3) is a well-established tumor suppressor. Its phosphorylation (p-FOXO3) as well as deregulation is involved in cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. Therefore, we proposed that p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio change may play important role in the bladder cancer recurrence. METHODS Surgical specimens of cancer tissue were obtained from 75 patients with bladder cancer (30 of non-recurrent and 45 of recurrent). The relative expression levels of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 in cancer tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain and graded according to stain intensity. The correlation p-FOXO3/FOXO3 with clinicopathological parameters and tumor recurrence was analyzed. RESULTS For bladder cancer patients with tumor recurrence, higher tumor grade (82% vs 70%, P=0.04) and stage (≥II, 49% vs 33%, P=0.02) in these patients was seen. In IHC study of paired tumor tissues, 39 out of 75 (52%) patients have increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio and they are closely related to tumor grade (low grade vs high grade =29.4% vs 58.6%, P=0.01) but not related to stage (low stage vs high stage =46.5% vs 59.3%, P=0.26). Regarding to tumor recurrence, the p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio is significant higher in recurrent group than non-recurrent group patients (0.78±0.15 vs 1.25±0.11, P=0.03). As comparing the first recurrence and subsequent recurrence group patients, there is no difference in the level of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio (1.25±0.11 vs 1.10±0.09, P=0.25). Interestingly, recurrent tumors in low grade bladder cancer patients have marked increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio than non-recurrent tumors (0.90±0.22 vs 0.15±0.12, P=0.02). CONCLUSION Increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio has been observed in bladder cancer patients with tumor recurrence and it is closely related to higher tumor grade. Low grade bladder cancer is high risk in recurrence when p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio increased. These results implicated that p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio can be applied as a useful marker for further treatment decision making and prognostic of tumor recurrence in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Shyong Yu
- Uro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Uro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of long, non-coding RNAs molecules that shape a covalently closed continuous loop which have no 5'-3' polarity and contain no polyA tail. CircRNAs also possess relatively jarless framework and are highly tissue-specific expressed in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Emerging evidences have discovered that thousands of endogenous circRNAs are present in mammalian cells and they mediate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by binding to microRNAs or other molecules and then inhibit their function. Similarly, increasing evidence indicates that circRNAs may play a role in the development of several types of diseases, including atherosclerotic vascular disease risk, neurological disorders, prion diseases, osteoarthritis and diabetes. Furthermore, circRNAs exhibit aberrant expression in multiform types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. And based on the function of circRNAs in cancer, we believe that circRNAs may serve as diagnostic or tumor promising biomarkers. Moreover, it will provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.
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19
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Du WW, Fang L, Yang W, Wu N, Awan FM, Yang Z, Yang BB. Induction of tumor apoptosis through a circular RNA enhancing Foxo3 activity. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:357-370. [PMID: 27886165 PMCID: PMC5299715 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that are receiving extensive attention. Despite reports showing circular RNAs acting as microRNA sponges, the biological functions of circular RNAs remain largely unknown. We show that in patient tumor samples and in a panel of cancer cells, circ-Foxo3 was minimally expressed. Interestingly, during cancer cell apoptosis, the expression of circ-Foxo3 was found to be significantly increased. We found that silencing endogenous circ-Foxo3 enhanced cell viability, whereas ectopic expression of circ-Foxo3 triggered stress-induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts. Also, expression of circ-Foxo3 increased Foxo3 protein levels but repressed p53 levels. By binding to both, circ-Foxo3 promoted MDM2-induced p53 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, resulting in an overall decrease of p53. With low binding affinity to Foxo3 protein, circ-Foxo3 prevented MDM2 from inducing Foxo3 ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in increased levels of Foxo3 protein. As a result, cell apoptosis was induced by upregulation of the Foxo3 downstream target PUMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Fang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Weining Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Papadodima O, Moulos P, Koryllou A, Piroti G, Kolisis F, Chatziioannou A, Pletsa V. Modulation of Pathways Underlying Distinct Cell Death Mechanisms in Two Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines in Response to SN1 Methylating Agents Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160248. [PMID: 27467507 PMCID: PMC4965087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papadodima
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre ‘Alexander Fleming’, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Koryllou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Piroti
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Kolisis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Enios Applications Private Company, 25 Al.Pantou str., 17671 Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (AC); (VP)
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- * E-mail: (AC); (VP)
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21
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Jiang L, Wang C, Lei F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu A, Wu G, Zhu J, Song L. miR-93 promotes cell proliferation in gliomas through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8286-99. [PMID: 25823655 PMCID: PMC4480752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently activated in various human cancer types and plays essential roles in development and progression of cancers. Multiple regulators, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain leucine rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP), have also found to be involved in suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, how suppressive effects mediated by these regulators are concomitantly disrupted in cancers, which display constitutively activated PI3K/Akt signaling, remains puzzling. In the present study, we reported that the expression of miR-93 was markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical glioma tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that miR-93 levels significantly correlated with clinicopathologic grade and overall survival in gliomas. Furthermore, we found that overexpressing miR-93 promoted, but inhibition of miR-93 reduced, glioma cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression. We demonstrated that miR-93 activated PI3K/Akt signaling through directly suppressing PTEN, PHLPP2 and FOXO3 expression via targeting their 3'UTRs. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-93 might play an important role in glioma progression and uncover a novel mechanism for constitutive PI3K/Akt activation in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of the Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Longjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Geyan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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22
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Ergosterol purified from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating multiple tumor suppressors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17832-46. [PMID: 26098777 PMCID: PMC4627349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously screened thirteen medicinal mushrooms for their potential anti-cancer activities in eleven different cell lines and found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest capacity in inducing cancer cell death. The current study aimed to purify molecules mediating the anti-cancer cell activity. The extract of Amauroderma rude was subject to fractionation, silica gel chromatography, and HPLC. We purified a compound and identified it as ergosterol by EI-MS and NMR, which was expressed at the highest level in Amauroderma rude compared with other medicinal mushrooms tested. We found that ergosterol induced cancer cell death, which was time and concentration dependent. In the in vivo experiment, normal mice were injected with murine cancer cell line B16 that is very aggressive and caused mouse death severely. We found that treatment with ergosterol prolonged mouse survival. We found that ergosterol-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell viability occurred through apoptosis and that ergosterol up-regulated expression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3. In addition, the Foxo3 down-stream signaling molecules Fas, FasL, BimL, and BimS were up-regulated leading to apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Our results suggest that ergosterol is the main anti-cancer ingredient in Amauroderma rude, which activated the apoptotic signal pathway. Ergosterol may serve as a potential lead for cancer therapy.
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23
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Cho E, Yen Y. Novel regulators and molecular mechanisms of p53R2 and its disease relevance. Biochimie 2016; 123:81-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Salinomycin decreases doxorubicin resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the β-catenin/TCF complex association via FOXO3a activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10350-65. [PMID: 25871400 PMCID: PMC4496360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a conventional and effective chemotherapy drug against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, during long-term doxorubicin monotherapy, HCC cells may eventually develop acquired-resistance to doxorubicin which results in recurrence and a poor prognosis. Salinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, was recently reported to selectively kill human cancer stem cells (CSCs) which were response for chemoresistance. In this study, salinomycin was found to exert synergistic cytotoxicity with doxorubicin in HCC cells and be capable of inhibiting doxorubicin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important cellular process involved in the acquired chemoresistance of tumors. Further experiments revealed that FOXO3a, a multifunctional transcription factor that can be activated by salinomycin, was vital in mediating doxorubicin-induced EMT. In addition, activated FOXO3a disturbed the interaction between β-catenin and TCF and inhibited the expression of β-catenin/TCF target genes (ZEB1, c-Myc and CyclinD1), which played important roles in doxorubicin-induced EMT in HCC cells. Finally, the enhanced curative efficacy of combination treatment of doxorubicin and salinomycin for HCC was confirmed in established xenograft models. In summary, the present study identifies a new doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for advanced HCC and provides a potential anti-cancer strategy targeting FOXO3a and related cell pathway molecules.
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25
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Du WW, Yang W, Liu E, Yang Z, Dhaliwal P, Yang BB. Foxo3 circular RNA retards cell cycle progression via forming ternary complexes with p21 and CDK2. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2846-58. [PMID: 26861625 PMCID: PMC4824104 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1217] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most RNAs generated by the human genome have no protein-coding ability and are termed non-coding RNAs. Among these include circular RNAs, which include exonic circular RNAs (circRNA), mainly found in the cytoplasm, and intronic RNAs (ciRNA), predominantly detected in the nucleus. The biological functions of circular RNAs remain largely unknown, although ciRNAs have been reported to promote gene transcription, while circRNAs may function as microRNA sponges. We demonstrate that the circular RNA circ-Foxo3 was highly expressed in non-cancer cells and were associated with cell cycle progression. Silencing endogenous circ-Foxo3 promoted cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of circ-Foxo3 repressed cell cycle progression by binding to the cell cycle proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (also known as cell division protein kinase 2 or CDK2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (or p21), resulting in the formation of a ternary complex. Normally, CDK2 interacts with cyclin A and cyclin E to facilitate cell cycle entry, while p21works to inhibit these interactions and arrest cell cycle progression. The formation of this circ-Foxo3-p21-CDK2 ternary complex arrested the function of CDK2 and blocked cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Weining Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Preet Dhaliwal
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
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26
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WANG WEI, ZHOU PANGHU, HU WEI. Overexpression of FOXO4 induces apoptosis of clear-cell renal carcinoma cells through downregulation of Bim. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2229-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Foxo3 activity promoted by non-coding effects of circular RNA and Foxo3 pseudogene in the inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:3919-31. [PMID: 26657152 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the upregulation of a pseudogene specific to a protein-coding gene could function as a sponge to bind multiple potential targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in increased gene expression. Similarly, it was recently demonstrated that circular RNAs can function as sponges for miRNAs, and could upregulate expression of mRNAs containing an identical sequence. Furthermore, some mRNAs are now known to not only translate protein, but also function to sponge miRNA binding, facilitating gene expression. Collectively, these appear to be effective mechanisms to ensure gene expression and protein activity. Here we show that expression of a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors, Foxo3, is regulated by the Foxo3 pseudogene (Foxo3P), and Foxo3 circular RNA, both of which bind to eight miRNAs. We found that the ectopic expression of the Foxo3P, Foxo3 circular RNA and Foxo3 mRNA could all suppress tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation and survival. Our results showed that at least three mechanisms are used to ensure protein translation of Foxo3, which reflects an essential role of Foxo3 and its corresponding non-coding RNAs.
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Gatto F, Miess H, Schulze A, Nielsen J. Flux balance analysis predicts essential genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma metabolism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10738. [PMID: 26040780 PMCID: PMC4603759 DOI: 10.1038/srep10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flux balance analysis is the only modelling approach that is capable of producing genome-wide predictions of gene essentiality that may aid to unveil metabolic liabilities in cancer. Nevertheless, a systemic validation of gene essentiality predictions by flux balance analysis is currently missing. Here, we critically evaluated the accuracy of flux balance analysis in two cancer types, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and prostate adenocarcinoma, by comparison with large-scale experiments of gene essentiality in vitro. We found that in ccRCC, but not in prostate adenocarcinoma, flux balance analysis could predict essential metabolic genes beyond random expectation. Five of the identified metabolic genes, AGPAT6, GALT, GCLC, GSS, and RRM2B, were predicted to be dispensable in normal cell metabolism. Hence, targeting these genes may selectively prevent ccRCC growth. Based on our analysis, we discuss the benefits and limitations of flux balance analysis for gene essentiality predictions in cancer metabolism, and its use for exposing metabolic liabilities in ccRCC, whose emergent metabolic network enforces outstanding anabolic requirements for cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gatto
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Heike Miess
- Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Almut Schulze
- 1] Gene Expression Analysis Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom [2] Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany [3] Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Str.6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
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RRM2B-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Activity and Inflammation under Oxidative Stress. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:287345. [PMID: 26089597 PMCID: PMC4451759 DOI: 10.1155/2015/287345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RRM2B is a critical ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit that exists as p53-inducible and p53-dependent molecule. The p53-independent regulation of RRM2B has been recently studied, and FOXO3 was identified as a novel regulator of RRM2B. However, the p53-independent regulation of RRM2B, particularly under oxidative stress, remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of RRM2B underoxidative stress-induced DNA damage and further examined the regulation of mitochondrial and inflammatory genes by RRM2B. Our study is the first to report the critical role of RRM2B in mitochondrial homeostasis and the inflammation signaling pathway in a p53-independent manner. Furthermore, our study provides novel insights into the role of the RR in inflammatory diseases.
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