CASC15 gene polymorphisms reduce neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children

Isoflurane pretreatment protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via mediating lncRNA CASC15/miR-542-3p axis

The protective effect of isoflurane on cardiomyocyte ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) was explored in hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) induced cardiomyocyte injury model. In terms of mechanism, the participation of long non-coding RNA CASC15/microR-542-3p axis was further discussed. H9c2 cells received H/R treatment to mimic myocardial I/RI. RT-qPCR was performed to quantify mRNA levels. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated after isoflurane pretreatment and cell transfection. ELISA was performed to measure the concentrations of inflammatory/oxidative stress-related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, SOD). The target relationship between CASC12 and miR-542-3p was determined via dual-luciferase reporter assay. Isoflurane pretreatment alleviated H/R-induced cell viability suppression and cell apoptosis promotion, which was accompanied by CASC15 downregulation. CASC15 overexpression abolished the influence of isoflurane on cardiomyocytes' viability and apoptosis. H/R-induced excessive release of TNF-α and IL-6 was hold down by isoflurane, which was re-activated after CASC15 overexpression. The concentration changes of both MDA and SOD by isoflurane were reversed by CASC15 overexpression. CASC15 functioned as miR-542-3p sponger, and miR-542-3p overexpression attenuated the effect of isoflurane and CASC15 on H/R-induced cardiac I/RI. Isoflurane pretreatment was beneficial for the alleviation of cardiac I/RI by inhibiting oxidative stress and myocardial inflammatory response. CASC15/miR-542-3p axis was required for isoflurane to exhibit its protective activity against cardiac I/RI.

CASC15 Gene Polymorphisms and Glioma Susceptibility in Chinese Children

OBJECTIVE

Gliomas are the most common tumors in the central nervous system. The cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) gene has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for several types of cancer. No studies have been carried out on the predisposing effect of CASC15 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on glioma risk.

METHODS

In order to determine whether CASC15 gene SNPs are involved in glioma susceptibility, the first association study in a relatively large sample, which consisted of 171 patients and 228 healthy controls recruited from China, was performed. The contribution of SNPs (rs6939340 A>G, rs4712653 T>C and rs9295536 C>A) to the risk of glioma was evaluated by multinomial logistic regression, based on the calculation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

In the single locus and combined analysis, it was revealed that the genetic risk score had no significant associations between CASC15 gene SNPs and glioma risk. However, in the stratified analysis, a significant decrease in risk of glioma was observed in subjects of <60 months old with the rs4712653 TT genotype, when compared to those with the CC/CT genotype (OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.02-0.91, P=0.041).

CONCLUSION

The present study provides referential evidence on the association between the genetic predisposition of the CASC15 gene and glioma risk in Chinese children. However, more well-designed case-control studies and functional experiments are needed to further explore the role of CASC15 gene SNPs.

CASC15: A Tumor-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA

BACKGROUND

CASC15, one of long non-coding RNA, is involved in the regulation of many tumor biological processes, and is expected to become a new biological therapeutic target. This paper aims to elucidate the pathophysiological function of CASC15 in various tumors.

METHODS

The relationship between CASC15 and tumors was analyzed by searching references, and summarized the specific pathophysiological mechanism of CASC15.

RESULTS

LncRNA CASC15 is closely related to tumor development, and has been shown to be abnormally high expressed in all kinds of tumors, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, leukemia, melanoma, tongue squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, CASC15 has been found to be down-expressed abnormally in ovarian cancer, glioma and neuroblastoma. Besides, it is identified that CASC15 can affect the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of tumors.

CONCLUSION

LncRNA CASC15 has the potential to become a new therapeutic target or marker for a variety of tumors.

CASC15 Polymorphisms are Correlated With Breast Cancer Susceptibility in Chinese Han Women

INTRODUCTION

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignant tumor among women. Numerous studies have been reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were associated with various human diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the current study, 681 patients with BC and 680 unrelated controls were recruited to investigate the correlation between lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15) polymorphisms and BC risk in Chinese Han women. We performed single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using the Agena MassARRAY platform. The relationship between lncRNA CASC15 polymorphisms and the risk of BC were evaluated through odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

Our results suggested that the lncRNA CASC15 rs7740084 "G/G" genotype and rs1928168 "T/C" genotype significantly reduced BC risk in different genetic models (P = .045, P = .029, and P = .047, respectively). However, rs9393266 "C/T" and "C/T-T/T" genotypes were correlated with the risk of BC (P = .021 and P = .048). In addition, we also observed that rs1928168 was related to the risk of BC in patients with age > 50 years (P = .025), body mass index > 24 (P = .006), and tumor size (P = .035). For rs9393266, it was revealed that the "C/T" and "C/T-T/T" genotypes were related to BC risk in people with age ≤ 50 years (P = .005) and body mass index > 24 (P = .023).

CONCLUSION

In summary, our results revealed a potential interaction between lncRNA CASC15 polymorphisms and BC susceptibility. The results provided an important insight into lncRNA CASC15 function in the development of BC.

Genetic predisposition and chromosome instability in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of embryonic origin. About 1-2% of all NBs are familial cases, and genetic predisposition is suspected for the remaining cases. During the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and high-throughput sequencing approaches have been used to identify associations among common and rare genetic variants and NB risk. Substantial data has been produced by large patient cohorts that implicate various genes in NB tumorigenesis, such as CASC15, BARD1, CHEK2, LMO1, LIN28B, AXIN2, BRCA1, TP53, SMARCA4, and CDK1NB. NB, as well as other pediatric cancers, has few recurrent mutations but several copy number variations (CNVs). Almost all NBs show both numerical and structural CNVs. The proportion between numerical and structural CNVs differs between localized and metastatic tumors, with a greater prevalence of structural CNVs in metastatic NB. This genomic chaos frequently identified in NBs suggests that chromosome instability (CIN) could be one of the major actors in NB oncogenesis. Interestingly, many NB-predisposing variants occur in genes involved in the control of genome stability, mitosis, and normal chromosome separation. Here, we discuss the relationship between genetic predisposition and CIN in NB.

CASC15 polymorphisms are correlated with cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese women

Background

Cervical cancer is a frequent, common cancer in women, and causes high cancer‐related deaths among women in our world. Accumulating studies provided an important evidence for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of various cancer. Here, we recruited 494 cervical cancer cases and 504 unrelated controls to assess the relationship between CASC15 (OMIM# 616610) polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility.

Methods

Agena MassARRAY platform was conducted to genotype CASC15 polymorphisms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed through logistic regression to adjust for confounding factors, such as age and gender.

Results

Our study suggested that rs12212674 (NC_000006.12:g.22086845T>A) “A” allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.01–1.69, p = .041). The result was demonstrated in the log‐additive model (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.72, p = .037). After age stratification, we also found that the “TT” genotype of rs4712653 (NC_000006.11:g.22125964T>C) in CASC15 was interaction with a higher cervical cancer risk in subjects aged ≤51 years in the co‐dominant model (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.02–4.25, p = .044) and the recessive model (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.05–4.24, p = .036). Whereas no significant correlation was found among other SNPs of CASC15 polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer. MDR analysis illustrated that the interaction between rs7740084 (NC_000006.11:g.21727531G>A), rs1555529 (NC_000006.11:g.21691704A>G), and rs12212674 had a certain effect on the progress of cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Our results revealed a potential interaction between CASC15 polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility. The results provided important insights into CASC15 function in the development of cervical cancer.

Long Non-Coding RNA-CASC15 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Melanoma

BACKGROUND

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and high mortality skin cancers in the world. Long non-coding RNA-CASC15, as a carcinogen, plays an important role in a variety of tumorigenesis; however, the role and underlying mechanism of CASC15 in melanoma remain unclear.

METHODS

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to explore CASC15 and β-catenin expression in melanoma tissues and cells. Western blotting was carried out to investigate β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Survivin, Bax, Bcl-2, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression level. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were observed by colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was measured by Topflash luciferase reporter assay.

RESULTS

The expression of CASC15 and β-catenin was upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells. Knockdown of CASC15 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibited β-catenin expression. Furthermore, inhibition of CASC15 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of melanoma cells by downregulating Survivin and Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells. Silencing of CASC15 inhibited migration and invasion of melanoma cells by repressing EMT process.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that CASC15 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, implying that CASC15 might be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for melanoma.

Associations between H19 polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children

BackgroundH19 polymorphisms have been reported to correlate with an increased susceptibility to a few types of cancers, although their role in neuroblastoma has not yet been clarified.Materials and methods We investigated the association between three single polymorphisms (rs2839698 G>A, rs3024270 C>G, and rs217727 G>A) and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese Han populations. Three hundred ninety-three neuroblastoma patients and 812 healthy controls were enrolled from the Henan and Guangdong provinces. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of the association of interest.Results Separated and combined analyses revealed no associations of the rs2839698 G>A, rs3024270 C>G or rs217727 G>A polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility. In the stratification analysis, female children with rs3024270 GG genotypes had an increased neuroblastoma risk (adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.04-2.50, P=0.032).Conclusion The rs3024270 GG genotype might contribute to an increased neuroblastoma susceptibility in female Chinese children.

Clinically Relevant Biomarker Discovery in High-Risk Recurrent Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system. High-risk neuroblastoma patients typically undergo an initial remission in response to treatment, followed by recurrence of aggressive tumors that have become refractory to further treatment. The need for biomarkers that can select patients not responding well to therapy in an early phase is therefore needed. In this study, we used next generation sequencing technology to determine the expression profiles in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines established before and after therapy. Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and leave-one-out cross-validation, we identified a panel of 55 messenger RNAs and 17 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which were significantly altered in the expression between cell lines isolated from primary and recurrent tumors. From a neuroblastoma patient cohort, we found 20 of the 55 protein-coding genes to be differentially expressed in patients with unfavorable compared with favorable outcome. We further found a twofold increase or decrease in hazard ratios in these genes when comparing patients with unfavorable and favorable outcome. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that these genes were involved in proliferation, differentiation and regulated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. Of the 17 lncRNAs, 3 upregulated (NEAT1, SH3BP5-AS1, NORAD) and 3 downregulated lncRNAs (DUBR, MEG3, DHRS4-AS1) were also found to be differentially expressed in favorable compared with unfavorable outcome. Moreover, using expression profiles on both miRNAs and mRNAs in the same cohort of cell lines, we found 13 downregulated and 18 upregulated experimentally observed miRNA target genes targeted by miR-21, -424 and -30e, -29b, -138, -494, -181a, -34a, -29b, respectively. The advantage of analyzing biomarkers in a clinically relevant neuroblastoma model system enables further studies on the effect of individual genes upon gene perturbation. In summary, this study identified several genes, which may aid in the prediction of response to therapy and tumor recurrence.

Pleiotropic effect of common PHOX2B variants in Hirschsprung disease and neuroblastoma

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a heterogeneous congenital disorder that affects the enteric nervous system, while neuroblastoma is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Familial cases of both HSCR and neuroblastoma appear to be functionally linked to PHOX2B, which plays a key role in the development of neural crest derivatives. However, the association between common PHOX2B variants and disease risk is contested. Additionally, large-scale examination for pleiotropy or shared genetic susceptibility in sporadic HSCR and neuroblastoma cases lacks theoretical support. Here, we report the first examination of PHOX2B in 1470 HSCR and 469 neuroblastoma patients with matched healthy controls. The PHOX2B rs28647582 polymorphism was found to be associated with HSCR (P = 2.21E-03, OR = 1.26), and each subtype of the ailment (3.22E-03 ≤ P ≤ 0.43, 1.11 ≤ OR ≤ 2.32). The association between rs28647582 and NB risk was consistent with HSCR in a recessive model, though the P value was marginal (P = 0.06). These new genetic findings indicate the potential pleiotropic effects of PHOX2B in both HSCR and neuroblastoma, which could guide the development of therapeutic targets for the treatment of related neurodevelopmental disorders.

APEX1 Polymorphisms and Neuroblastoma Risk in Chinese Children: A Three-Center Case-Control Study

Neuroblastoma is a life-threatening extracranial solid tumor, preferentially occurring in children. However, its etiology remains unclear. APEX1 is a critical gene in the base excision repair (BER) system responsible for maintaining genome stability. Given the potential effects of APEX1 polymorphisms on the ability of the DNA damage repair, many studies have investigated the association between these variants and susceptibility to several types of cancer but not neuroblastoma. Here, we conducted a three-center case-control study to evaluate the association between APEX1 polymorphisms (rs1130409 T>G, rs1760944 T>G, and rs3136817 T>C) and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children, consisting of 469 cases and 998 controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the associations. No significant association with neuroblastoma risk was found for the studied APEX1 polymorphisms in the single locus or combination analysis. Interestingly, stratified analysis showed that rs1130409 GG genotype significantly reduced the risk of tumor in males. Furthermore, we found that carriers with 1-3 protective genotypes had a lower neuroblastoma risk in the children older than18 months and male, when compared to those without protective genotypes. In summary, our data indicate that APEX1 gene polymorphisms may have a weak effect on neuroblastoma susceptibility. These findings should be further validated by well-designed studies with larger sample size.

The rs2147578 C > G polymorphism in the Inc-LAMC2-1:1 gene is associated with increased neuroblastoma risk in the Henan children

BACKGROUND

The rs2147578 C > G polymorphism in the long non-coding RNA gene Lnc-LAMC2-1:1 is associated with increased susceptibility to a few types of cancers. However, its role in neuroblastoma has not been evaluated yet.

METHODS

We investigated the association between the lnc-LAMC2-1:1 rs2147578 C > G polymorphism and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese Han populations. A total of 393 neuroblastoma cases and 812 healthy individuals from the Henan and Guangdong provinces were enrolled and subjected to genotyping. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the strength of the association of interest.

RESULTS

Combined analysis revealed that the lnc-LAMC2-1:1 rs2147578 C > G polymorphism was associated with increased neuroblastoma susceptibility (CG vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01-1.75, P = 0.045; CG/GG vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03-1.74, P = 0.028). In stratification analysis, children under 18 months with rs2147578 CG/GG genotypes had an increased neuroblastoma risk (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.08-2.67, P = 0.022). Females with rs2147578 CG/GG genotypes also had increased neuroblastoma susceptibility (adjusted OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.37-3.18, P = 0.0007). In addition, children with lnc-LAMC2-1:1 rs2147578 CG/GG genotypes were prone to develop earlier stages of neuroblastoma (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01-2.12, P = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS

The Lnc-LAMC2-1:1 rs2147578 C > G polymorphism may contribute to increased neuroblastoma susceptibility in children of Henan province.

RSRC1 and CPZ gene polymorphisms with neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children

Two new neuroblastoma susceptibility loci at 3q25 (RSRC1 rs6441201 G > A) and 4p16 (CPZ rs3796725 T > C and rs3796727 A > G) were identified by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving Italians, African Americans and European Americans. In this case-control study with 393 neuroblastoma cases and 812 controls, we investigated the association between these three polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese population. We found that participants harboring the RSRC1 rs6441201A allele were associated with an increased risk of neuroblastoma (AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.03-2.34, P = 0.036). No significant association between the CPZ polymorphisms (rs3796725 T > C and rs3796727A > G) and neuroblastoma susceptibility was observed. In conclusion, our results confirm that the RSRC1 rs6441201A allele is associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese population.

Lack of associations between AURKA gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children

Previous studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in the AURKA gene are associated with various types of cancer. In neuroblastoma, AURKA protein product regulates N-myc protein levels and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. To investigate the association between three AURKA polymorphisms (rs1047972 C>T, rs2273535 T>A, and rs8173 G>C) and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese populations, we performed this two-center case-control study including 393 neuroblastoma cases and 812 controls. Two study populations were recruited from two different regions in China. No significant associations were identified amongst any of the three AURKA polymorphisms and the risk of neuroblastoma. Similar observations were found in the stratified analysis. In conclusion, our results indicate that none of the AURKA polymorphisms are associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility in two distinct Chinese populations. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are warranted to validate our results.

RAN/RANBP2 polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children: a three-center case-control study

The genetic etiology of sporadic neuroblastoma remains largely obscure. RAN and RANBP2 genes encode Ras-related nuclear protein and Ran-binding protein 2, respectively. These two proteins form Ran-RanBP2 complex that regulate various cellular activities including nuclear transport. Aberrant functions of the two proteins are implicated in carcinogenesis. Given the unknown role of RAN/RANBP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in neuroblastoma risk, we performed a multi-center case-control study in Chinese children to assess the association of the RAN/RANBP2 SNPs with neuroblastoma risk. We analyzed three potentially functional SNPs in RAN gene (rs56109543 C>T, rs7132224 A>G, rs14035 C>T) and one in RANBP2 (rs2462788 C>T) in 429 cases and 884 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to access the association between these four polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk. No single variant was found to statistically significantly associate with neuroblastoma risk. However, individuals with 3 protective genotypes were less likely to develop neuroblastoma, in comparison to non-carriers (adjusted OR=0.33; 95% CI=0.12-0.96; P=0.042), as well as those with 0-2 protective genotypes (adjusted OR=0.33; 95% CI=0.11-0.94; P=0.038). Stratified analysis revealed no significant association for any of the four polymorphisms. Further studies are warranted to validate the weak impact of RAN/RANBP2 SNPs on neuroblastoma risk.

XPA gene polymorphisms and risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese children: a two-center case-control study

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor arising from the developing sympathetic nervous system, which mainly affects children. Variations in XPA gene have been shown to confer cancer susceptibility. However, no investigation has been reported regarding the association between XPA polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk. This study was conducted to measure the association of XPA polymorphisms with neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children. In this hospital-based case-control study with 393 cases and 812 controls, we genotyped two polymorphisms (rs1800975 T>C, and rs3176752 G>T) in XPA gene to access their contributions to neuroblastoma risk by TaqMan methods. The strength of the association with neuroblastoma risk was estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). No single polymorphism was found to predispose to neuroblastoma susceptibility. When risk genotypes were combined, we found that carriers of 1-2 risk genotypes had significantly increased neuroblastoma risk (adjusted OR=1.28; 95% CI=1.001-1.64, P=0.049), when compared to non-carriers. Stratification analysis by age, gender, sites of origin and clinical stages failed to show any significant association. Our study provides cues that XPA gene polymorphisms may exert a weak effect in neuroblastoma risk. This finding needs further validations by larger sample size studies.

Functional Polymorphisms in hOGG1 Gene and Neuroblastoma Risk in Chinese Children

Neuroblastoma is a lethal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OH-dG) formation is a common seen type of oxidative DNA damage, which could be repaired by human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1). To explore the contributing role of hOGG1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in neuroblastoma risk, we performed a case-control study by genotyping three SNPs (rs1052133 G>C, rs159153 T>C, rs293795 A>G) in hOGG1 gene. A total of 512 neuroblastoma cases and 1076 cancer-free controls were enrolled from three medical centers in China. The hOGG1 gene polymorphisms were determined using TaqMan real-time PCR. The results showed that only the rs1052133 G>C polymorphism was associated with neuroblastoma risk [GC vs. GG: adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.51-0.81, P=0.0002; dominant model: adjusted OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.57-0.88, P=0.002]. Moreover, subjects carrying 1, 2, or 1-3 protective genotypes have less opportunity to develop neuroblastoma, in comparison to those without protective genotypes. Stratified analysis revealed that rs1052133 GC/CC carriers were less likely to develop neuroblastoma in subgroups of age >18 months, males, tumor that develops from retroperitoneal, mediastinum and clinical stage I+II+4s. Our results indicate that hOGG1 rs1052133 G>C polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of neuroblastoma. However, the exact biological mechanism awaits further research.

LMO1 super-enhancer polymorphism rs2168101 G>T correlates with decreased neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children

Neuroblastoma is one of the most frequently occurring childhood cancers. The rs2168101 G>T polymorphism observed in the LMO1 gene is located at a conserved GATA transcription factor binding motif. This polymorphism was reported to be significantly associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. However, whether this and other functional polymorphisms can affect neuroblastoma risk of Chinese children remains unknown. We conducted a two-center hospital-based case-control study with a total of 374 cases and 812 controls to assess the role of five LMO1 gene polymorphisms in the neuroblastoma risk. We confirmed that rs2168101 G>T was significantly associated with decreased neuroblastoma risk for both northern and southern Chinese children and the combined subjects [GT vs. GG: adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.44-0.74, P<0.0001; TT vs. GG: adjusted OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.15-0.56, P=0.0002; GT/TT vs. GG: adjusted OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.41-0.68, P<0.0001; and TT vs. GT/GG: adjusted OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.19-0.69, P=0.002] after adjustment for age and gender. This association was further confirmed by performing a stratifying analysis and a false-positive report probability analysis. Similar results were observed for the rs3750952 G>C polymorphism. In summary, the current study confirmed that the potentially functional LMO1 rs2168101 G>T and rs3750952 G>C polymorphisms were associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. This research requires further validation with larger sample sizes and inclusion of different ethnicities.