1
|
DeSouza NR, Nielsen KJ, Jarboe T, Carnazza M, Quaranto D, Kopec K, Suriano R, Islam HK, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Dysregulated Expression Patterns of Circular RNAs in Cancer: Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:384. [PMID: 38672402 PMCID: PMC11048371 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable, enclosed, non-coding RNA molecules with dynamic regulatory propensity. Their biogenesis involves a back-splicing process, forming a highly stable and operational RNA molecule. Dysregulated circRNA expression can drive carcinogenic and tumorigenic transformation through the orchestration of epigenetic modifications via extensive RNA and protein-binding domains. These multi-ranged functional capabilities have unveiled extensive identification of previously unknown molecular and cellular patterns of cancer cells. Reliable circRNA expression patterns can aid in early disease detection and provide criteria for genome-specific personalized medicine. Studies described in this review have revealed the novelty of circRNAs and their biological ss as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. DeSouza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Kate J. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Tara Jarboe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Danielle Quaranto
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Kaci Kopec
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Robert Suriano
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Mount Saint Vincent, Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Humayun K. Islam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
| | - Raj K. Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (N.R.D.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pearce B, Jacobs C, Benjeddou M. Genetic preservation of SLC22A3 in the Admixed and Xhosa populations living in the Western Cape. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10199-10206. [PMID: 37924453 PMCID: PMC10676312 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amphiphilic solute facilitator organic cation transporters mediate the movement of various endogenous and exogenous organic cations, including crucial drugs like metformin, oxaliplatin, and lamivudine. These transporters are now seen as a potential explanation for inter-individual differences in drug effectiveness, contributing to 15-30% of such variability due to genetic factors.The aim of this study was to determine the baseline minor allele frequency distribution of 18 known coding SNPs in the SLC22A3 gene of 278 Cape Admixed (130) and Xhosa (148) individuals residing in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS A convenience sampling method was used for sample collection. DNA extraction and subsequent amplification of target sites was carried out according to standard established methodologies. All genotyping was performed using the SNaPshot™ mini-seuqencing platform. RESULTS This study found no genetic polymorphisms in the coding region of the SLC22A3 gene of both the Xhosa and Cape Admixed individuals investigated. CONCLUSION This study has shown that SLC22A3 coding SNPs observed in other populations are absent in the sample of both Cape Admixed and Xhosa individuals studied. The lack of protein sequence variation was consistent with other studies and may reflect the significant physiological role of human organic cation transporter 3 in maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Pearce
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriscience, Stellenbosch University, Van Der Bijl Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Clifford Jacobs
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen TA, Le MK, Nguyen PT, Tran NQV, Kondo T, Nakao A. SLC22A3 that encodes organic cation transporter-3 is associated with prognosis and immunogenicity of human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1972-1986. [PMID: 38025816 PMCID: PMC10654437 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background SLC22A3, the gene which encodes organic cation transporter (OCT)-3, has been linked to the prognosis of several types of cancer. However, its role in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been addressed elsewhere. Methods We analyzed gene expression, DNA methylation, and clinicopathological data from The Cancer Genome Atlas - Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-LUSC) (n=501), a publicly available database exclusively consisting of LSCC patients. Using a 5 FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments) cut-off, we divided LSCC patients into two groups: patients with tumors possessing high and low SLC22A3 expression (SLC22A3-high and SLC22A3-low, respectively). Prognostic significance was determined through Cox analyses and Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Differential methylation position (DMP), differentially gene expression, and pathway analyses were performed. Validation was carried out in GSE74777 (n=107), GSE37745 (n=66), GSE162520 (n=45) and GSE161537 (n=17). Results SLC22A3-high LSCC patients had lower OS and DFS rates than SLC22A3-low LSCC patients. The different expression levels of SLC22A3 in LSCC were correlated with the methylation status of the SLC22A3 gene. Pathway analysis indicated that SLC22A3 expression levels were positively correlated with immune-related pathways such as inflammatory response and abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, in the SLC22A3-high group, many genes encoding immunological checkpoint inhibitory molecules were upregulated. In addition, SLC22A3 expression positively correlated with the Hot Oral Tumor (HOT) score, indicating high tumor immunogenicity. Conclusions These findings suggest that high expression of SLC22A3 is associated with poor prognosis and high immunogenicity in LSCC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-An Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Phuc-Tan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nguyen Quoc Vuong Tran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Selim MS, Kassem AB, El-Bassiouny NA, Salahuddin A, Abu El-Ela RY, Hamza MS. Polymorphic renal transporters and cisplatin's toxicity in urinary bladder cancer patients: current perspectives and future directions. Med Oncol 2023; 40:80. [PMID: 36650399 PMCID: PMC9845168 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) holds a potentially profound social burden and affects over 573,278 new cases annually. The disease's primary risk factors include occupational tobacco smoke exposure and inherited genetic susceptibility. Over the past 30 years, a number of treatment modalities have emerged, including cisplatin, a platinum molecule that has demonstrated effectiveness against UBC. Nevertheless, it has severe dose-limiting side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, among others. Since intracellular accumulation of platinum anticancer drugs is necessary for cytotoxicity, decreased uptake or enhanced efflux are the root causes of platinum resistance and response failure. Evidence suggests that genetic variations in any transporter involved in the entry or efflux of platinum drugs alter their kinetics and, to a significant extent, determine patients' responses to them. This review aims to consolidate and describe the major transporters and their polymorphic variants in relation to cisplatin-induced toxicities and resistance in UBC patients. We concluded that the efflux transporters ABCB1, ABCC2, SLC25A21, ATP7A, and the uptake transporter OCT2, as well as the organic anion uptake transporters OAT1 and OAT2, are linked to cisplatin accumulation, toxicity, and resistance in urinary bladder cancer patients. While suppressing the CTR1 gene's expression reduced cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, inhibiting the expression of the MATE1 and MATE2-K genes has been shown to increase cisplatin's nephrotoxicity and resistance. The roles of ABCC5, ABCA8, ABCC10, ABCB10, ABCG1, ATP7B, ABCG2, and mitochondrial SLC25A10 in platinum-receiving urinary bladder cancer patients should be the subject of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Selim
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira B Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Noha A El-Bassiouny
- Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Salahuddin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Raghda Y Abu El-Ela
- Medical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Marwa Samir Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Griso AB, Acero-Riaguas L, Castelo B, Cebrián-Carretero JL, Sastre-Perona A. Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance in HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cells 2022; 11:561. [PMID: 35159370 PMCID: PMC8834318 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the eighth most common cancers worldwide. While promising new therapies are emerging, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the gold standard for advanced HNSCCs, although most of the patients relapse due to the development of resistance. This review aims to condense the different mechanisms involved in the development of cisplatin resistance in HNSCCs and highlight future perspectives intended to overcome its related complications. Classical resistance mechanisms include drug import and export, DNA repair and oxidative stress control. Emerging research identified the prevalence of these mechanisms in populations of cancer stem cells (CSC), which are the cells mainly contributing to cisplatin resistance. The use of old and new CSC markers has enabled the identification of the characteristics within HNSCC CSCs predisposing them to treatment resistance, such as cell quiescence, increased self-renewal capacity, low reactive oxygen species levels or the acquisition of epithelial to mesenchymal transcriptional programs. In the present review, we will discuss how cell intrinsic and extrinsic cues alter the phenotype of CSCs and how they influence resistance to cisplatin treatment. In addition, we will assess how the stromal composition and the tumor microenvironment affect drug resistance and the acquisition of CSCs' characteristics through a complex interplay between extracellular matrix content as well as immune and non-immune cell characteristics. Finally, we will describe how alterations in epigenetic modifiers or other signaling pathways can alter tumor behavior and cell plasticity to induce chemotherapy resistance. The data generated in recent years open up a wide range of promising strategies to optimize cisplatin therapy, with the potential to personalize HNSCC patient treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Griso
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies and Biomarkers in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.G.); (L.A.-R.)
| | - Lucía Acero-Riaguas
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies and Biomarkers in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.G.); (L.A.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Castelo
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Sastre-Perona
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies and Biomarkers in Cancer, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.G.); (L.A.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kon M, Ishikawa T, Ohashi Y, Yamada H, Ogasawara M. Epigallocatechin gallate stimulated histamine production and downregulated histamine H1 receptor in oral cancer cell lines expressing histidine decarboxylase. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:120-130. [PMID: 35031480 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased histamine production and the overexpression of receptors (H1R∼H4R) has been reported in several tumors. The effects of TGFβ1 and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on histamine synthesizing enzymes (HDCs), and the histamine transporter systems and receptors were investigated in this study. METHODS Four oral cancer cell lines (HSC2, HSC3, HSC4, and SAS) were treated with or without TGFβ1 or EGCG for 24 h. The expression levels of HDC, SLC22A3, H1R∼H4R, and TAS2R14 were investigated by Western blotting. Histamine concentrations were determined using the enzyme immune assay. Bitter taste receptor (TAS2R14 and TAS2R39) mRNAs were investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Varying expression levels of HDC, SLC22A3, H1R∼H4R, and TAS2R14 were observed in the four cell lines, where histamine concentrations were found to be ∼500 fmol/ml in cell culture media and induced 2-2.5 times higher amounts of histamine following EGCG treatment. TGFβ1 increased HDC expression in three cell lines, SLC22A3 expression in three cell lines, H1R expression in two cell lines, H2R expression in three cell lines, H3R expression in three cell lines, and H4R expression in three cell lines. EGCG decreased HDC expression in all four cell lines, SLC22A3 expression in three expression, H1R expression in all four cell lines, H2R expression in two cell lines, H3R expression in three cell lines, and H4R expression in two cell lines. CONCLUSIONS EGCG upregulated histamine production and decreased the expression level of H1R in the oral cancer cell lines. It might prove useful for cancer therapy during histamine regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kon
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan; Division of Bioregulatory Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yu Ohashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahito Ogasawara
- Division of Bioregulatory Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Expression and clinical significance of organic cation transporter family in glioblastoma multiforme. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1115-1121. [PMID: 34080124 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) 22 A1, A2, and A3 are polyspecific transporters transporting organic cations like histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, MPP + , and toxins. The expression of SLC22A1-A3 in cancer is seldom investigated, and the function of SLC22A1-A3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is never elucidated. MATERIALS In our study, we detected the expression of SLC22A1-A3 in 11 fresh GBMs and tumor-adjacent brain tissues with qPCR, and in 129 paraffin-embedded GBMs with immunohistochemistry (IHC). With chi-square test, we investigated the correlation between expression of SLC22A1-A3 and the clinicopathological factors including patients' age, sex, tumor size, and KPS score. With Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression model, we estimated the prognostic significance of SLC22A1-A3 in GBM. RESULTS SLC22A3 was significantly downregulated in GBMs compared with the tumor-adjacent normal tissues. With univariate survival analyses, we showed that SLC22A3, instead of SLC22A1 and A2, was an independent biomarker predicting favorable prognosis. With multivariate analyses, SLC22A3 was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker indicating the favorable outcome of GBM. CONCLUSIONS SLC22A3 is an independent favorable prognostic biomarker of GBM. Patients with low SLC22A3 may be more high-risk and should receive more intensive post-operational supervision and treatments.
Collapse
|
9
|
Loss of ZNF215 imprinting is associated with poor five-year survival in patients with cytogenetically abnormal-acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 90:102577. [PMID: 34091126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a form of epigenetic regulation and imprinted genes are silenced in a parental-specific manner. Imprinting is associated with various human diseases and cancers, but its roles in leukemogenesis remains elusive. In this study, the expression of a panel of 16 human imprinted genes was investigated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 8 of them were further validated in 114 patients newly diagnosed with cytogenetically abnormal-acute myeloid leukemia (CA-AML) and 85 healthy subjects. Our results demonstrated upregulated expression of 8 imprinted genes (C15orf2, COPG2, H19, IGF2, PEG3-AS1, PRIM2, SLC22A3 and ZNF215) was observed in patients with CA-AML (p < 0.001). Patients' survival days were negatively correlated with the expression levels of H19 (p = 0.024), PGE3-AS1 (p = 0.038), and ZNF215 (p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further revealed the expression level ZNF215 can be used as a predictor for five-year survival for patients with CA-AML (p = 0.009) with a hazard ratio of 0.870 (95.0% confident interval: 0.784-0.965). Our results demonstrated that loss of imprinting of imprinted genes is critical for the leukemogenesis of AML under CA condition, and loss of ZNF215 imprinting is associated with poor five-year survival of patients with CA-AML.
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer in multiethnic Indonesians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9988. [PMID: 33976257 PMCID: PMC8113452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer in Indonesia, yet it has been understudied in this resource-constrained setting. We conducted a genome-wide association study focused on evaluation and preliminary discovery of colorectal cancer risk factors in Indonesians. We administered detailed questionnaires and collecting blood samples from 162 colorectal cancer cases throughout Makassar, Indonesia. We also established a control set of 193 healthy individuals frequency matched by age, sex, and ethnicity. A genome-wide association analysis was performed on 84 cases and 89 controls passing quality control. We evaluated known colorectal cancer genetic variants using logistic regression and established a genome-wide polygenic risk model using a Bayesian variable selection technique. We replicate associations for rs9497673, rs6936461 and rs7758229 on chromosome 6; rs11255841 on chromosome 10; and rs4779584, rs11632715, and rs73376930 on chromosome 15. Polygenic modeling identified 10 SNP associated with colorectal cancer risk. This work helps characterize the relationship between variants in the SCL22A3, SCG5, GREM1, and STXBP5-AS1 genes and colorectal cancer in a diverse Indonesian population. With further biobanking and international research collaborations, variants specific to colorectal cancer risk in Indonesians will be identified.
Collapse
|
11
|
Distinct DNA methylation patterns associated with treatment resistance in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6630. [PMID: 33758253 PMCID: PMC7988053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens are a major driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and continue to be a critical treatment target for advanced disease, which includes castration therapy and antiandrogens. However, resistance to these therapies leading to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and the emergence of treatment-induced neuroendocrine disease (tNEPC) remains an ongoing challenge. Instability of the DNA methylome is well established as a major hallmark of PCa development and progression. Therefore, investigating the dynamics of the methylation changes going from the castration sensitive to the tNEPC state would provide insights into novel mechanisms of resistance. Using an established xenograft model of CRPC, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on cell lines representing various stages of PCa progression. We confirmed extensive methylation changes with the development of CRPC and tNEPC using this model. This included key genes and pathways associated with cellular differentiation and neurodevelopment. Combined analysis of methylation and gene expression changes further highlighted genes that could potentially serve as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, tNEPC-related methylation signals from this model were detectable in circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) from mCRPC patients undergoing androgen-targeting therapies and were associated with a faster time to clinical progression. These potential biomarkers could help with identifying patients with aggressive disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Uptake Transporters of the SLC21, SLC22A, and SLC15A Families in Anticancer Therapy-Modulators of Cellular Entry or Pharmacokinetics? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082263. [PMID: 32806706 PMCID: PMC7464370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters comprise a large family of uptake transporters involved in the transmembrane transport of a wide array of endogenous substrates such as hormones, nutrients, and metabolites as well as of clinically important drugs. Several cancer therapeutics, ranging from chemotherapeutics such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA-intercalating drugs, and microtubule binders to targeted therapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors are substrates of solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Given that SLC transporters are expressed both in organs pivotal to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and in tumors, these transporters constitute determinants of cellular drug accumulation influencing intracellular drug concentration required for efficacy of the cancer treatment in tumor cells. In this review, we explore the current understanding of members of three SLC families, namely SLC21 (organic anion transporting polypeptides, OATPs), SLC22A (organic cation transporters, OCTs; organic cation/carnitine transporters, OCTNs; and organic anion transporters OATs), and SLC15A (peptide transporters, PEPTs) in the etiology of cancer, in transport of chemotherapeutic drugs, and their influence on efficacy or toxicity of pharmacotherapy. We further explore the idea to exploit the function of SLC transporters to enhance cancer cell accumulation of chemotherapeutics, which would be expected to reduce toxic side effects in healthy tissue and to improve efficacy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of Prognostic Organic Cation and Anion Transporters in Different Cancer Entities by In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124491. [PMID: 32599841 PMCID: PMC7349956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The information derived from next generation sequencing technology allows the identification of deregulated genes, gene mutations, epigenetic modifications, and other genomic events that are associated with a given tumor entity. Its combination with clinical data allows the prediction of patients’ survival with a specific gene expression pattern. Organic anion transporters and organic cation transporters are important proteins that transport a variety of substances across membranes. They are also able to transport drugs that are used for the treatment of cancer and could be used to improve treatment. In this study, we have made use of publicly available data to analyze if the expression of organic anion transporters or organic cation transporters have a prognostic value for a given tumor entity. The expression of most organic cation transporters is prognostic favorable. Within the organic anion transporters, the ratio between favorable and unfavorable organic anion transporters is nearly equal for most tumor entities and only in liver cancer is the number of unfavorable genes two times higher compared to favorable genes. Within the favorable genes, UNC13B, and SFXN2 cover nine cancer types and in the same way, SLC2A1, PLS3, SLC16A1, and SLC16A3 within the unfavorable set of genes and could serve as novel target structures.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cervenkova L, Vycital O, Bruha J, Rosendorf J, Palek R, Liska V, Daum O, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Soucek P. Protein expression of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 associates with prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19782. [PMID: 31874997 PMCID: PMC6930301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters translocate diverse substances across cellular membranes and their deregulation may cause drug resistance of cancers. This study investigated significance of protein expression and cellular localization of the previously suggested putative prognostic markers ABCC2 and SLC22A3 in pancreatic cancer patients. Protein localization and brush border staining intensity of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 was assessed in tumor tissue blocks of 65 pancreatic cancer patients and associated with clinical data and survival of patients with regard to therapy. Negative SLC22A3 brush border staining in pancreatic tumors significantly increased the risk of both disease progression and patient´s death in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses confirmed the association of SLC22A3 expression with progression-free survival of patients. A subgroup analysis of patients treated with regimens based on nucleoside analogs suggested that patients with negative brush border staining or apical localization of SLC22A3 in tumor cells have worse overall survival. The combination of positive ABCC2 and negative SLC22A3 brush border staining predicted worst overall survival and patients with positive brush border staining of both proteins had best overall and progression-free survival. The present study shows for the first time that the protein presence and to some extent also localization of SLC22A3 significantly associate with prognosis of pancreatic cancer in both unstratified and chemotherapy-treated patients. The combination of ABCC2 and SLC22A3 brush border staining also needs further attention in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Cervenkova
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vycital
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bruha
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Palek
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Deparment of Surgery, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Daum
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu J, Dong D, Long E, Tang S, Feng S, Li T, Wang L, Jiang X. Upregulated OCT3 has the potential to improve the survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with (m)FOLFOX6 adjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:2151-2159. [PMID: 31732877 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) expression on the effect of the combination regimen of 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin ((m)FOLFOX6) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted at a single centre (Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China). Patients with stage IIb-IV resectable CRC who were being postoperatively treated with (m)FOLFOX6 as a first-line adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for at least 5 cycles and had resected primary tumour samples available were eligible for the study. Patients who preoperatively received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy or were treated with targeted drugs or other anticancer drugs were excluded from the study. Immunohistochemical staining and digital image analysis were used to assess OCT3 expression in tumour samples. According to OCT3 expression level, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to divide the patients into two groups. Cox proportional risk regression was performed with the forward LR (forward stepwise regression based on maximum likelihood estimation) method using SPSS17.0 software. The primary endpoint was the 2-year progression-free survival. RESULTS In total, 57 patients were included between 2014 and 2016 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (22 had low OCT3 expression, and 35 had high OCT3 expression). The mean age was 55.7 (30-74) years, and 37 of the total patients were male. According to TNM stage, 5 patients had stage IV disease, 44 patients had stage III disease, and 8 patients had stage II disease. Through Cox regression analysis, we found that among patients receiving the (m)FOLFOX6 regimen, those with higher OCT3 expression had a higher two-year progression-free survival rate than those with lower OCT3 expression (P = 0.038). The hazard ratio of patients with high OCT3 expression compared with patients with low OCT3 expression was 0.247. Besides, it was found that the age of patients was negatively correlated with expression level of OCT3, which can explain why patients over 70 years do not benefit from oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS High OCT3 expression in CRC tissues may be a protective factor for CRC patients treated with (m)FOLFOX6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gu
- Department of pharmacy, Affiliated hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan academy of medical sciences, Sichuan province people's hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Enwu Long
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of pharmacy, Sichuan academy of medical sciences, Sichuan province people's hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Shiwei Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suqin Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of pharmacy, People's hospital of Xishuangbanna, Dai Autonomous prefecture, 666100, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 3, section 17, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee WK, Thévenod F. Oncogenic PITX2 facilitates tumor cell drug resistance by inverse regulation of hOCT3/SLC22A3 and ABC drug transporters in colon and kidney cancers. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:237-251. [PMID: 30742940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2), a de facto master regulator of developmental organ asymmetry, previously upregulated multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein ABCB1 in A498 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. The role of PITX2 isoforms in MDR cancers was investigated. Data mining correlated elevated PITX2 in >30% of cancers analyzed, maximally in colon (4.4-fold), confirmed in co-immunostaining of colon and renal cancer microarrays wherein ABCB1 concomitantly increased in RCC. Drug-resistant colorectal adenocarcinoma Colo320DM cells exhibited increased nuclear PITX2 (40-fold), PITX2 promoter activity (27-fold) and ABCB1 (8000-fold) compared to drug-sensitive Colo205. ABCB1 inhibitor PSC833/valspodar or PITX2 siRNA reversed doxorubicin resistance. Nuclei from Colo320DM and A498 cells harbored PITX2A/B1 and PITX2A/B1/B2/Cα/Cβ, respectively. ChIP-qPCR evidenced PITX2 promoter binding in drug exporters ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2 and importer hOCT3/SLC22A3. In A498, 786-O, Caki-1, Colo320DM, and Caco2 cells, PITX2 siRNA diminished exporters, increased hOCT3/SLC22A3 expression and activity, and reverted vincristine resistance. Heterologous PITX2 expression induced ABCB1, repressed hOCT3/SLC22A3, enhanced vincristine resistance and diminished proliferation inhibition wherein PITX2A and PITX2C were most effective. Furthermore, PITX2 activity and MDR depended on phosphorylation by GSK3 in A498 cells. Conclusively, oncogenic PITX2 limits sensitizing drug uptake and potentiates cytoprotective drug efflux, contributing to MDR phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 12, Witten, Germany.
| | - Frank Thévenod
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre of Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Strasse 12, Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cisplatin and beyond: molecular mechanisms of action and drug resistance development in cancer chemotherapy. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:148-158. [PMID: 30956230 PMCID: PMC6572495 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based anticancer drugs are widely used in the chemotherapy of human neoplasms. The major obstacle for the clinical use of this class of drugs is the development of resistance and toxicity. It is therefore very important to understand the chemical properties, transport and metabolic pathways and mechanism of actions of these compounds. There is a large body of evidence that therapeutic and toxic effects of platinum drugs on cells are not only a consequence of covalent adducts formation between platinum complexes and DNA but also with RNA and many proteins. These processes determine molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance to platinum drugs as well as their toxicity. Increased expression levels of various transporters and increased repair of platinum-DNA adducts are both considered as the most significant processes in the development of drug resistance. Functional genomics has an increasing role in predicting patients’ responses to platinum drugs. Genetic polymorphisms affecting these processes may play an important role and constitute the basis for individualized approach to cancer therapy. Similar processes may also influence therapeutic potential of nonplatinum metal compounds with anticancer activity. Conclusions Cisplatin is the most frequently used platinum based chemotherapeutic agent that is clinically proven to combat different types of cancers and sarcomas.
Collapse
|
18
|
Guttmann S, Chandhok G, Groba SR, Niemietz C, Sauer V, Gomes A, Ciarimboli G, Karst U, Zibert A, Schmidt HH. Organic cation transporter 3 mediates cisplatin and copper cross-resistance in hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:743-754. [PMID: 29416650 PMCID: PMC5787505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are first-line compounds in the treatment of many solid cancers. Major obstacles are tumors that become resistant and toxic side effects, both largely due to the expression of transporters that mediate the cellular processing of platinum. In this study, we addressed the establishment of cisplatin resistance in the absence of copper transporter ATP7B that has been previously found to be overexpressed in various resistant cells. Cisplatin sensitivity, induction of apoptosis, drug accumulation, and transporter gene expression were determined in hepatoma cell lines. Knockout or overexpression of copper transporter ATP7B did not affect cisplatin sensitivity. Cisplatin resistant cells showed a stably reduced cisplatin accumulation and a downregulation of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3). In contrast, OCT3 overexpression could reverse resistance. Reduced MT1 expression was detected in the resistant cell line, however transient and highly dependent on the presence of cisplatin. Cross-resistance to copper was also associated with OCT3 downregulation. Our results suggest that a decreased level of OCT3 expression results in resistance to cisplatin and copper. OCT3 may represent a novel target for improved prognosis and anticancer therapy, including HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guttmann
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gursimran Chandhok
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany.,Present address: Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Reinartz Groba
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Niemietz
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Sauer
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amanda Gomes
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany.,Present address: Wilson Disease Clinic, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Medizinische Klinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|