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Panek WK, Toedebusch RG, Mclaughlin BE, Dickinson PJ, Van Dyke JE, Woolard KD, Berens ME, Lesniak MS, Sturges BK, Vernau KM, Li C, Miska J, Toedebusch CM. The CCL2-CCR4 axis promotes Regulatory T cell trafficking to canine glioma tissues. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04766-4. [PMID: 39046599 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneously occurring glioma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as a valuable translational model for human glioblastoma. Canine high-grade glioma and human glioblastomas share many molecular similarities, including the accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Identifying in dog mechanisms responsible for Treg recruitment may afford to target the cellular population driving immunosuppression, the results providing a rationale for translational clinical studies in human patients. Our group has previously identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma-derived T-reg chemoattractant acting on chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in a murine orthotopic glioma model. Recently, we demonstrated a robust increase of CCL2 in the brain tissue of canine patients bearing high-grade glioma. METHODS We performed a series of in vitro experiments using canine Tregs and patient-derived canine glioma cell lines (GSC 1110, GSC 0514, J3T-Bg, G06A) to interrogate the CCL2-CCR4 signaling axis in the canine. RESULTS We established a flow cytometry gating strategy for identifying and isolating FOXP3+ Tregs in dogs. The canine CD4 + CD25high T-cell population was highly enriched in FOXP3 and CCR4 expression, indicating they are bona fide Tregs. Canine Treg migration was enhanced by CCL2 or by glioma cell line-derived supernatant. Blockade of the CCL2-CCR4 axis significantly reduced migration of canine Tregs. CCL2 mRNA was expressed in all glioma cell lines, and expression increased when exposed to Tregs but not CD4 + helper T-cells. CONCLUSION Our study validates CCL2-CCR4 as a bi-directional Treg-glioma immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting axis in canine high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Panek
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 South University Avenue, 419 Hill Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - R G Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - B E Mclaughlin
- University of California Davis, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P J Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - J E Van Dyke
- University of California Davis, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K D Woolard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B K Sturges
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - K M Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - C Li
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - J Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine M Toedebusch
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 2112 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA.
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2
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Panek WK, Toedebusch RG, Mclaughlin BE, Dickinson PJ, Dyke JE, Woolard KD, Berens ME, Lesniak MS, Sturges BK, Vernau KM, Li C, Miska JM, Toedebusch CM. The CCL2-CCR4 Axis Promotes Regulatory T Cell Trafficking to Canine Glioma Tissues. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4474288. [PMID: 38947002 PMCID: PMC11213221 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474288/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Spontaneously occurring glioma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as a valuable translational model for human glioblastoma. Canine high grade glioma and human glioblastomas share many molecular similarities, including accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Identifying in dog mechanisms responsible for Treg recruitment may afford targeting the cellular population driving immunosuppression, the results providing a rationale for translational clinical studies in human patients. Our group has previously identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma-derived T-reg chemoattractant acting on chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in a murine orthotopic model of glioma. Recently, we demonstrated a robust increase of CCL2 in the brain tissue of canine patients bearing high-grade glioma. Methods We performed a series of in vitro experiments using canine Tregs and patient-derived canine glioma cell lines (GSC 1110, GSC 0514, J3T-Bg, G06A) to interrogate the CCL2-CCR4 signaling axis in the canine. Results We established a flow cytometry gating strategy for identification and isolation of FOXP3+ Tregs in dogs. The canine CD4 + CD25high T-cell population was highly enriched in FOXP3 and CCR4 expression, indicating they are bona fide Tregs. Canine Treg migration was enhanced by CCL2 or by glioma cell line-derived supernatant. Blockade of the CCL2-CCR4 axis significantly reduced migration of canine Tregs. CCL2 mRNA was expressed in all glioma cell lines and expression increased when exposed to Tregs but not to CD4 + helper T-cells. Conclusion Our study validates CCL2-CCR4 as a bi-directional Treg-glioma immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting axis in canine high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B E Mclaughlin
- University of California Davis, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource
| | | | - J E Dyke
- University of California Davis, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource
| | | | - M E Berens
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - C Li
- University of California, Davis
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Chen X, Xu Y, Wang M, Ren C. Elucidating the Role of Pyroptosis in Lower-Grade Glioma: Development of a Novel Scoring System to Enhance Personalized Therapeutic Approaches. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:649-663. [PMID: 37566191 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an orchestrated cellular death pathway, has gained attention due to its role in the pathophysiology and evolution of numerous malignancies. Despite this, no robust quantitative measure of pyroptosis activity in lower-grade glioma (LGG) exists currently. We scrutinized the transcriptomic data of LGG specimens acquired from TCGA and CGGA repositories, juxtaposed with the expression patterns of healthy brain tissues from the GTEx database. A register of pyroptosis-associated genes was extracted from the GSEA database. Utilizing unsupervised clustering algorithms on the expression patterns of these genes, we stratified LGG samples into unique subgroups. We implemented the Boruta machine learning algorithm to discern representative variables for each pyroptosis subtype and applied principal component analysis (PCA) to condense the dimensionality of the feature gene expression data, which led to the formulation of a pyroptosis scoring system (P score) to estimate pyroptosis activity in LGG. Furthermore, we affirmed the capacity of the P score to discriminate diverse cell subpopulations within a single-cell database and explored the correlations between the P score and clinical attributes, prognostic implications, and the tumor immune microenvironment in LGG. We identified three distinctive pyroptosis patterns with significant correlations to patient survival, clinicopathological properties, and characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Two gene clusters, associated with unique prognostic and TIME attributes, emerged from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the pyroptosis patterns. The P score was formulated and authenticated as an autonomous prognostic determinant for overall survival in the TCGA and CGGA cohorts. Additionally, the P score demonstrated its competency to quantitatively represent pyroptosis activity across different cellular subpopulations in single-cell data. Notably, the P score in LGG was found to be indicative of tumor stemness and could serve as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of temozolomide treatment and immunotherapy, underscoring its potential clinical utility. Our investigation pioneers a novel pyroptosis-centric scoring system with significant prognostic implications. The P score holds promise as a potential predictive biomarker for the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, facilitating the development of personalized therapeutic approaches in LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Health Information Services, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunying Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Gamma Knife Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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4
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Padmakumar S, Amiji MM. Long-Acting Therapeutic Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Gliomas. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114853. [PMID: 37149040 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of cutting-edge therapeutic strategies and tremendous progress in research, a complete cure of glioma remains elusive. The heterogenous nature of tumor, immunosuppressive state and presence of blood brain barrier are few of the major obstacles in this regard. Long-acting depot formulations such as injectables and implantables are gaining attention for drug delivery to brain owing to their ease in administration and ability to elute drug locally for extended durations in a controlled manner with minimal toxicity. Hybrid matrices fabricated by incorporating nanoparticulates within such systems help to enhance pharmaceutical advantages. Utilization of long-acting depots as monotherapy or in conjunction with existing strategies rendered significant survival benefits in many preclinical studies and some clinical trials. The discovery of novel targets, immunotherapeutic strategies and alternative drug administration routes are now coupled with several long-acting systems with an ultimate aim to enhance patient survival and prevent glioma recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115.
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5
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Ma J, Zhang C, Shi G, Yue D, Shu Y, Hu S, Qi Z, Chen Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Huang A, Su C, Zhang Y, Deng H, Cheng P. High-dose VitC plus oncolytic adenoviruses enhance immunogenic tumor cell death and reprogram tumor immune microenvironment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:644-661. [PMID: 34547462 PMCID: PMC8821933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have validated the antitumor effects of several oncolytic viruses (OVs). However, the efficacy of OVs is limited when they are administered as monotherapies. Combination therapy is a promising direction for oncolytic virotherapy in the future. A high dose of vitamin C (VitC) exerts anticancer effects by triggering the accretion of substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). OVs can induce immunogenic tumor cell death and elicit an antitumor immune response. ROS play an important role in immunogenic cell death (ICD). This study aimed to explore whether high-dose VitC in combination with oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect. High-dose VitC synergized with oAds against tumor by enhancing immunogenic tumor cell death. Combination therapy with high-dose VitC and oAds significantly increased the number of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promoted the activation of T cells. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of the combination therapy was CD8+ T cell dependent. In addition, combination therapy with high-dose VitC and oAds reprogramed the immunosuppressive TME. Our study provides a new strategy for combination therapy of OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Yongheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Shichuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhongbing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Anliang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China,Corresponding author: Prof. Ping Cheng, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 17 People’s South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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6
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Glioblastoma Therapy: Rationale for a Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Vehicle to Carry Recombinant Viruses. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:523-543. [PMID: 34319509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of growth suppression is among the prominent hallmarks of cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p53 tumor-suppressive pathways are compromised in most human cancers, including glioblastoma (GB). Hence, these signaling pathways are an ideal point of focus for novel cancer therapeutics. Recombinant viruses can selectivity kill cancer cells and carry therapeutic genes to tumors. Specifically, oncolytic viruses (OV) have been successfully employed for gene delivery in GB animal models and showed potential to neutralize immunosuppression at the tumor site. However, the associated systemic immunogenicity, inefficient transduction of GB cells, and inadequate distribution to metastatic tumors have been the major bottlenecks in clinical studies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with tumor-tropic properties and immune privilege, can improve OVs targeting. Remarkably, combining the two approaches can address their individual issues. Herein, we summarize findings to advocate the reactivation of tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN in GB treatment and use MSCs as a "Trojan horse" to carry oncolytic viral cargo to disseminated tumor beds. The integration of MSCs and OVs can emerge as the new paradigm in cancer treatment.
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7
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Zhang DY, Singer L, Sonabend AM, Lukas RV. Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Malignant Glioma. ADVANCES IN ONCOLOGY 2021; 1:189-202. [PMID: 37476488 PMCID: PMC10358332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yao.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y. Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior Street SQ-601, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren Singer
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, 1725 West Harrison Street Suite #1106, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 East Erie Street Suite #1950, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rimas V. Lukas
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1114, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Carpenter AB, Carpenter AM, Aiken R, Hanft S. Oncolytic virus in gliomas: a review of human clinical investigations. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:968-982. [PMID: 33771666 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas remain one of the more frustrating targets for oncologic therapy. Glioma resistance to conventional therapeutics is a product of their immune-privileged milieu behind the blood-brain barrier, in addition to their suppressive effect on the immune response itself. Taking the lead from the growing success of immunotherapy for systemic cancers, such as lung cancer and melanoma, immunotherapeutics has emerged as a major player in the potential treatment of gliomas, with oncolytic viruses in particular showing significant promise as evidenced by the recent Breakthrough and Fast Tract Designations for PVSRIPO and DNX2401. This review serves as a useful and updated compendium of the completed human clinical investigations for several oncolytic viruses in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Carpenter
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA.
| | - A M Carpenter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - R Aiken
- Gerald J. Glasser Brain Tumor Center, Atlantic Healthcare, Summit, USA
| | - S Hanft
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA
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9
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Young JS. Achieving efficacious immunotherapy for patients with glioblastoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:909-911. [PMID: 32852237 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1814747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Goradel NH, Negahdari B, Ghorghanlu S, Jahangiri S, Arashkia A. Strategies for enhancing intratumoral spread of oncolytic adenoviruses. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107586. [PMID: 32479843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, effectively replicate viruses within malignant cells to lyse them without affecting normal ones, have recently shown great promise in developing therapeutic options for cancer. Adenoviruses (Ads) are one of the candidates in oncolytic virotheraoy due to its easily manipulated genomic DNA and expression of wide rane of its receptors on the various cancers. Although systematic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses can target both primary and metastatic tumors, there are some drawbacks in the effective systematic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses, including pre-existing antibodies and liver tropism. To overcome these limitations, intratumural (IT) administration of oncolytic viruses have been proposed. However, IT injection of Ads leaves much of the tumor mass unaffected and Ads are not able to disperse more in the tumor microenvironment (TME). To this end, various strategies have been developed to enhance the IT spread of oncolytic adenoviruses, such as using extracellular matrix degradation enzymes, junction opening peptides, and fusogenic proteins. In the present paper, we reviewed different oncolytic adenoviruses, their application in the clinical trials, and strategies for enhancing their IT spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajjad Ghorghanlu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Gesundheit B, Ben-David E, Posen Y, Ellis R, Wollmann G, Schneider EM, Aigner K, Brauns L, Nesselhut T, Ackva I, Weisslein C, Thaller A. Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme With Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Case-Series. Front Oncol 2020; 10:702. [PMID: 32477944 PMCID: PMC7241257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains an incurable condition, associated with a median survival time of 15 months with best standard of care and 5-year survival rate of <10%. We report on four GBM patients on combination treatment regimens that included oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy, who achieved clinical and radiological responses with long-term survival, thus far, of up to 14 years, and good quality of life. We discuss the radiological findings that provide new insights into this treatment, the scientific rationale of this innovative and promising therapy, and considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliel Ben-David
- Department of Radiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Ackva
- Praxisklinik fuer Allgemeinmedizin, Markt Berolzheim, Germany
| | | | - Arno Thaller
- Praxisklinik fuer Allgemeinmedizin, Markt Berolzheim, Germany
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12
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Challenges to Successful Implementation of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treatment of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082759. [PMID: 32316096 PMCID: PMC7215941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant glioma, treatment of which has not improved significantly in many years. This is due to the unique challenges that GBM tumors present when designing and implementing therapies. Recently, immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of various malignancies. The application of immune checkpoint inhibition in GBM treatment has shown promising preclinical results. Unfortunately, this has met with little to no success in the clinic thus far. In this review, we will discuss the challenges presented by GBM tumors that likely limit the effect of ICI and discuss the approaches being tested to overcome these challenges.
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Abudoureyimu M, Lai Y, Tian C, Wang T, Wang R, Chu X. Oncolytic Adenovirus-A Nova for Gene-Targeted Oncolytic Viral Therapy in HCC. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1182. [PMID: 31781493 PMCID: PMC6857090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, particularly in China. Despite the development of HCC treatment strategies, the survival rate remains unpleasant. Gene-targeted oncolytic viral therapy (GTOVT) is an emerging treatment modality-a kind of cancer-targeted therapy-which creates viral vectors armed with anti-cancer genes. The adenovirus is a promising agent for GAOVT due to its many advantages. In spite of the oncolytic adenovirus itself, the host immune response is the determining factor for the anti-cancer efficacy. In this review, we have summarized recent developments in oncolytic adenovirus engineering and the development of novel therapeutic genes utilized in HCC treatment. Furthermore, the diversified roles the immune response plays in oncolytic adenovirus therapy and recent attempts to modulate immune responses to enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubalake Abudoureyimu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongting Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Lukas RV, Wainwright DA, Horbinski CM, Iwamoto FM, Sonabend AM. Immunotherapy Against Gliomas: is the Breakthrough Near? Drugs 2019; 79:1839-1848. [PMID: 31598900 PMCID: PMC6868342 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-019-01203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches have been, and continue to be, aggressively investigated in the treatment of infiltrating gliomas. While the results of late-phase clinical studies have been disappointing in this disease space thus far, the success of immunotherapies in other malignancies as well as the incremental gains in our understanding of immune-tumour interactions in gliomas has fuelled a strong continued interest of their evaluation in these tumours. We discuss a range of immunotherapeutic approaches including, but not limited to, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, and gene therapies. Potential biomarkers under investigation to help elucidate which patients may respond or not respond to immunotherapeutic regimens are reviewed. Directions for future investigations are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1114, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Adam M Sonabend
- Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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15
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Abstract
In the wake of a breakthrough in biotechnology providing realistic application of recombinant expressed proteins as drugs in the 1990s, gene therapy emerged as the potential approach for providing medicines of the future [...].
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16
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Lukas RV, Wainwright DA, Ladomersky E, Sachdev S, Sonabend AM, Stupp R. Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Review on Clinical Management. ONCOLOGY (WILLISTON PARK, N.Y.) 2019; 33:91-100. [PMID: 30866031 PMCID: PMC7278092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. This review will focus on clinical developments and management of newly diagnosed disease, including a discussion about the incorporation of molecular features into the classification of glioblastoma. Such advances will continue to shape our thinking about the disease and how to best manage it. With regards to treatment, the role of surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields will be presented. Pivotal studies defining our current standard of care will be highlighted, as will key ongoing trials that may influence our management of glioblastoma in the near future.
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17
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González-Morales A, Zabaleta A, García-Moure M, Alonso MM, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD induces a widespread glioma proteotype remodeling during autophagy. J Proteomics 2018; 194:168-178. [PMID: 30503830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus Delta-24-RGD has shown a remarkable efficacy in a phase I clinical trial for glioblastoma. Delta-24-RGD induces autophagy in glioma cells, however, the molecular derangements associated with Delta-24-RGD infection remains poorly understood. Here, proteomics was applied to characterize the glioma metabolic disturbances soon after Delta-24-RGD internalization and late in infection. Minutes post-infection, a rapid survival reprogramming of glioma cells was evidenced by an early c-Jun activation and a time-dependent dephosphorylation of multiple survival kinases. At 48 h post-infection (hpi), a severe intracellular proteostasis impairment was characterized, detecting differentially expressed proteins related to mRNA splicing, cytoskeletal organization, oxidative response, and inflammation. Specific kinase-regulated protein interactomes for Delta-24-RGD-modulated proteome revealed interferences with the activation dynamics of protein kinases C and A (PKC, PKA), tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) as well as serine/threonine-protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1, PP2A) at 48hpi, in parallel with adenoviral protein overproduction. Moreover, the late activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) correlates with the extracellular increment of specific cytokines involved in migration, and activation of different inflammatory cells. Taken together, our integrative analysis provides further insights into the effects triggered by Delta-24-RGD in the modulation of tumor suppression and immune response against glioma. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study provides new insights regarding the molecular mechanisms governing the glioma metabolism during Delta-24-RGD oncolytic adenoviral therapy. The compilation and analysis of intracellular and extracellular proteomics have led us to characterize: i) the cell survival reprogramming during Delta-24-RGD internalization, ii) the proteostatic disarrangement induced by Delta-24-RGD during the autophagic stage, iii) the protein interactomes for Delta-24-RGD-modulated proteome, iv) the regulatory effects on kinase dynamics induced by Delta-24-RGD late in infection, and v) the overproduction of multitasking cytokines upon Delta-24-RGD treatment. We consider that the quantitative molecular maps generated in this study may establish the foundations for the development of complementary adenoviral based-vectors to increase the potency against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González-Morales
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Oncohematology Area, University Hospital of Navarra, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIBERONC, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marc García-Moure
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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18
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Panek WK, Pituch KC, Miska J, Kim JW, Rashidi A, Kanojia D, Lopez-Rosas A, Han Y, Yu D, Chang CL, Kane JR, Zhang P, Cordero A, Lesniak MS. Local Application of Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin Patch (PRF-P) Suppresses Regulatory T Cell Recruitment in a Murine Glioma Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5032-5040. [PMID: 30460615 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive microenvironment is one of the major factors promoting the growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Infiltration of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the suppression of the anti-tumor immunity and portends a dismal prognosis for patients. Glioma-mediated secretion of chemo-attractant C-C motif ligand 2 and 22 (CCL2/22) has previously been shown by our group to promote Treg migration in vitro. In this study, we show that a local implantation of platelet-rich fibrin patch (PRF-P) into the brain of GL261 glioma-bearing mice prolonged the survival of affected animals by 42.85% (p = 0.0011). Analysis performed on brain tumor tissue harvested from PRF-P-treated mice revealed a specific decrease in intra-tumoral lymphocytes with a preferential depletion of immunosuppressive Tregs. Importantly, co-culture of GL261 or chemo-attractants (CCL2/22) with PRF-P abrogated Treg migration. Pharmacological blockade of the CCL2/22 interaction with their receptors potentiated the inhibitory effect of PRF-P on Tregs recruitment in culture. Moreover, our findings revealed the soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) as a major Treg inhibitory player produced by activated platelets entrapped within the fibrin matrix of the PRF-P. Blockade of sCD40L restored the migratory capacity of Tregs, emphasizing the role of PRF-P in preventing the Treg migration to glioma tissue. Our findings highlight autologous PRF-P as a personalized, Treg-selective suppression platform that can potentially supplement and enhance the efficacy of glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Julius W Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Catalina Lee Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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19
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Sharma P, Debinski W. Receptor-Targeted Glial Brain Tumor Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3326. [PMID: 30366424 PMCID: PMC6274942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among primary brain tumors, malignant gliomas are notably difficult to manage. The higher-grade tumors represent an unmet need in medicine. There have been extensive efforts to implement receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches directed against gliomas. These approaches include immunotherapies, such as vaccines, adoptive immunotherapy, and passive immunotherapy. Targeted cytotoxic radio energy and pro-drug activation have been designed specifically for brain tumors. The field of targeting through receptors progressed significantly with the discovery of an interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13RA2) as a tumor-associated receptor over-expressed in most patients with glioblastoma (GBM) but not in normal brain. IL-13RA2 has been exploited in novel experimental therapies with very encouraging clinical responses. Other receptors are specifically over-expressed in many patients with GBM, such as EphA2 and EphA3 receptors, among others. These findings are important in view of the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and multiple tumor compartments responsible for tumor progression and resistance to therapies. The combined targeting of multiple receptors in different tumor compartments should be a preferred way to design novel receptor-targeted therapeutic approaches in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sharma
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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20
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Stepanenko AA, Chekhonin VP. A compendium of adenovirus genetic modifications for enhanced replication, oncolysis, and tumor immunosurveillance in cancer therapy. Gene 2018; 679:11-18. [PMID: 30171937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we specifically focus on genetic modifications of oncolytic adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-based vectors that enhance replication, oncolysis/spread, and virus-mediated tumor immunosurveillance. The finding of negative regulation of minor core protein V by SUMOylation led to the identification of amino acid residues, which when mutated increase adenovirus replication and progeny yield. Suppression of Dicer and/or RNAi pathway with shRNA or p19 tomato bushy stunt protein also results in significant enhancement of adenovirus replication and progeny yield. Truncation mutations in E3-19K or i-leader sequence or overexpression of adenovirus death protein (ADP) potently increase adenovirus progeny release and spread without affecting virus yield. Moreover, E3-19K protein, which was found to inhibit both major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) and MHC-I chain-related A and B proteins (MICA/MICB) expression on the cell surface, protecting infected cells from T-lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell attack, may be tailored to selectively target only MHCI or MICA/MICB, or to lose the ability to downregulate both. At last, E3-19K protein may be exploited to deliver tumor-associated epitopes directly to the endoplasmic reticulum for loading MHCI in the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deregulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Stepanenko AA, Chekhonin VP. Tropism and transduction of oncolytic adenovirus 5 vectors in cancer therapy: Focus on fiber chimerism and mosaicism, hexon and pIX. Virus Res 2018; 257:40-51. [PMID: 30125593 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellular internalization (infection of cells) of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) is mediated by the initial attachment of the globular knob domain of the capsid fiber protein to the cell surface coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), then followed by the interaction of the virus penton base proteins with cellular integrins. In tumors, there is a substantial intra- and intertumoral variability in CAR expression. The CAR-negative cells generally exhibit very low infectability. Since the fiber knob is a primary mediator of Ad5 binding to the cell surface, improved infectivity of Ad5-based vectors as oncolytic agents may be achieved via genetic modifications of this domain. The strategies to modify or broaden tropism and increase transduction efficiency of Ad5-based vectors include: 1) an incorporation of a targeting peptide into the fiber knob domain (the HI loop and/or C-terminus); 2) fiber knob serotype switching, or pseudotyping, by constructing chimeric fibers consisting of the knob domain derived from an alternate serotype (e.g., Ad5/3 or Ad5/35 chimeras), which binds to receptor(s) other than CAR (e.g., desmoglein 2/DSG2 and/or CD46); 3) "fiber complex mosaicism", an approach of combining serotype chimerism with peptide ligand(s) incorporation (e.g., Ad5/3-RGD); 4) "dual fiber mosaicism" by expressing two separate fibers with distinct receptor-binding capabilities on the same viral particle (e.g., Ad5-5/3 or Ad5-5/σ1); 5) fiber xenotyping by replacing the knob and shaft domains of wild-type Ad5 fiber protein with fibritin trimerization domain of T4 bacteriophage or σ1 attachment protein of reovirus. Other genetic approaches to increase the CAR-independent transduction efficiency include insertion of a targeting peptide into the hypervariable region of the capsid protein hexon or fusion to the C-terminus of pIX. Finally, we consider a yet unsolved molecular mechanism of liver targeting by Ad5-based vectors (CAR-, integrin-, fiber shaft KKTK motif-, and hepatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans-independent, but fiber-, hexon- and blood factor X-dependent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Lundstrom K. Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020042. [PMID: 29883422 PMCID: PMC6023384 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of viral vectors have found an encouraging new beginning in gene therapy in recent years. Significant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vector-based therapy at the forefront of modern medicine. Viral vectors have been employed for the treatment of various diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular, hematologic, ophthalmologic, and infectious diseases and different types of cancer. Recent development in the area of immunotherapy has provided both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, gene silencing generating a reversible effect has become an interesting alternative, and is well-suited for delivery by viral vectors. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in animal models and furthermore in clinical trials. Several viral vector-based drugs have also been globally approved.
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Pawlowska E, Szczepanska J, Szatkowska M, Blasiak J. An Interplay between Senescence, Apoptosis and Autophagy in Glioblastoma Multiforme-Role in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030889. [PMID: 29562589 PMCID: PMC5877750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, cellular senescence, programmed cell death and necrosis are key responses of a cell facing a stress. These effects are partly interconnected, but regulation of their mutual interactions is not completely clear. That regulation seems to be especially important in cancer cells, which have their own program of development and demand more nutrition and energy than normal cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) belongs to the most aggressive and most difficult to cure cancers, so studies on its pathogenesis and new therapeutic strategies are justified. Using an animal model, it was shown that autophagy is required for GBM development. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the key drug in GBM chemotherapy and it was reported to induce senescence, autophagy and apoptosis in GBM. In some GBM cells, TMZ induces small toxicity despite its significant concentration and GBM cells can be intrinsically resistant to apoptosis. Resveratrol, a natural compound, was shown to potentiate anticancer effect of TMZ in GBM cells through the abrogation G2-arrest and mitotic catastrophe resulting in senescence of GBM cells. Autophagy is the key player in TMZ resistance in GBM. TMZ can induce apoptosis due to selective inhibition of autophagy, in which autophagic vehicles accumulate as their fusion with lysosomes is blocked. Modulation of autophagic action of TMZ with autophagy inhibitors can result in opposite outcomes, depending on the step targeted in autophagic flux. Studies on relationships between senescence, autophagy and apoptosis can open new therapeutic perspectives in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szatkowska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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